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Annotation of 42BSD/usr.lib/learn/editor/L60.2b, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: #print
        !             2: You can of course combine many files.  Make a file
        !             3: "total" which contains the pieces "first", "second",
        !             4: "third", and "fourth" in that order.  Then type "ready".
        !             5: #create Ref
        !             6:    It has been already observed that the federal government
        !             7: ought to possess the power of providing for the support
        !             8: of the national forces; in which proposition was intended
        !             9: to be included the expense of raising troops, of building
        !            10: and equipping fleets, and all other expenses in any wise
        !            11: connected with military arrangements and operations.  But
        !            12: these are not the only objects to which the jurisdiction of
        !            13: the Union in respect to revenue must necessarily be empowered
        !            14: to extend.  It must embrace a provision for the
        !            15: support of the national civil list; for the payment of the
        !            16: national debts contracted, or that may be contracted;
        !            17: and, in general, for all those matters which will call for
        !            18: disbursements out of the national treasury.  The conclusion
        !            19: is that there must be interwoven in the frame of the
        !            20: government a general power of taxation, in one shape or
        !            21: another.
        !            22:    Money is, with propriety, considered as the vital principle
        !            23: of the body politic; as that which sustains its life and
        !            24: motion and enables it to perform its most essential functions.
        !            25: A complete power, therefore, to procure a regular
        !            26: and adequate supply of revenue, as far as the resources
        !            27: of the community will permit, may be regarded
        !            28: as an indispensable ingredient in every constitution.
        !            29: From a deficiency in this particular, one of two evils
        !            30: must ensue:  either the people must be subjected to
        !            31: continual plunder, as a substitute for a more eligible
        !            32: mode of supplying the public wants, or the government
        !            33: must sink into a fatal atrophy, and, in a short course of
        !            34: time, perish.
        !            35:    In the Ottoman or Turkish empire the sovereign,
        !            36: though in other respects absolute master of the lives and
        !            37: fortunes of his subjects, has no right to impose a new tax.
        !            38: The consequence is that he permits the bashaws or governors
        !            39: of provinces to pillage the people at discretion,
        !            40: and, in turn, squeezes out of them the sums of which he
        !            41: stands in need to satisfy his own exigencies and those of
        !            42: the state.  In America, from a like cause, the government
        !            43: of the Union has gradually dwindled into a state of decay,
        !            44: approaching nearly to annihilation.  Who can doubt that
        !            45: the happiness of the people in both countries would be
        !            46: promoted by competent authorities in the proper hands
        !            47: to provide the revenues which the necessities of the public
        !            48: might require?
        !            49:    The present Confederation, feeble as it is, intended to
        !            50: repose in the United States an unlimited power of providing
        !            51: for the pecuniary wants of the Union.  But proceeding
        !            52: upon an erroneous principle, it has been done in
        !            53: such a manner as entirely to have frustrated the intention.
        !            54: #create first
        !            55:    It has been already observed that the federal government
        !            56: ought to possess the power of providing for the support
        !            57: of the national forces; in which proposition was intended
        !            58: to be included the expense of raising troops, of building
        !            59: and equipping fleets, and all other expenses in any wise
        !            60: connected with military arrangements and operations.  But
        !            61: these are not the only objects to which the jurisdiction of
        !            62: the Union in respect to revenue must necessarily be empowered
        !            63: to extend.  It must embrace a provision for the
        !            64: support of the national civil list; for the payment of the
        !            65: national debts contracted, or that may be contracted;
        !            66: and, in general, for all those matters which will call for
        !            67: disbursements out of the national treasury.  The conclusion
        !            68: is that there must be interwoven in the frame of the
        !            69: government a general power of taxation, in one shape or
        !            70: another.
        !            71: #create fourth
        !            72:    The present Confederation, feeble as it is, intended to
        !            73: repose in the United States an unlimited power of providing
        !            74: for the pecuniary wants of the Union.  But proceeding
        !            75: upon an erroneous principle, it has been done in
        !            76: such a manner as entirely to have frustrated the intention.
        !            77: #create second
        !            78:    Money is, with propriety, considered as the vital principle
        !            79: of the body politic; as that which sustains its life and
        !            80: motion and enables it to perform its most essential functions.
        !            81: A complete power, therefore, to procure a regular
        !            82: and adequate supply of revenue, as far as the resources
        !            83: of the community will permit, may be regarded
        !            84: as an indispensable ingredient in every constitution.
        !            85: From a deficiency in this particular, one of two evils
        !            86: must ensue:  either the people must be subjected to
        !            87: continual plunder, as a substitute for a more eligible
        !            88: mode of supplying the public wants, or the government
        !            89: must sink into a fatal atrophy, and, in a short course of
        !            90: time, perish.
        !            91: #create third
        !            92:    In the Ottoman or Turkish empire the sovereign,
        !            93: though in other respects absolute master of the lives and
        !            94: fortunes of his subjects, has no right to impose a new tax.
        !            95: The consequence is that he permits the bashaws or governors
        !            96: of provinces to pillage the people at discretion,
        !            97: and, in turn, squeezes out of them the sums of which he
        !            98: stands in need to satisfy his own exigencies and those of
        !            99: the state.  In America, from a like cause, the government
        !           100: of the Union has gradually dwindled into a state of decay,
        !           101: approaching nearly to annihilation.  Who can doubt that
        !           102: the happiness of the people in both countries would be
        !           103: promoted by competent authorities in the proper hands
        !           104: to provide the revenues which the necessities of the public
        !           105: might require?
        !           106: #user
        !           107: #cmp total Ref
        !           108: #next
        !           109: 60.2c 5

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