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Annotation of 42BSD/usr.lib/sendmail/doc/sendmail.8, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .TH SENDMAIL 8
        !             2: .\"    @(#)sendmail.8  4.1             7/25/83
        !             3: .UC 5
        !             4: .SH NAME
        !             5: sendmail \- send mail over the internet
        !             6: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             7: .B /usr/lib/sendmail
        !             8: [ flags
        !             9: ] [ address ... ]
        !            10: .PP
        !            11: .B newaliases
        !            12: .PP
        !            13: .B mailq
        !            14: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            15: .I Sendmail
        !            16: sends a message to one or more people,
        !            17: routing the message over whatever networks
        !            18: are necessary.
        !            19: .I Sendmail
        !            20: does internetwork forwarding as necessary
        !            21: to deliver the message to the correct place.
        !            22: .PP
        !            23: .I Sendmail
        !            24: is not intended as a user interface routine;
        !            25: other programs provide user-friendly
        !            26: front ends;
        !            27: .I sendmail
        !            28: is used only to deliver pre-formatted messages.
        !            29: .PP
        !            30: With no flags,
        !            31: .I sendmail
        !            32: reads its standard input
        !            33: up to a control-D
        !            34: or a line with a single dot
        !            35: and sends a copy of the letter found there
        !            36: to all of the addresses listed.
        !            37: It determines the network to use
        !            38: based on the syntax and contents of the addresses.
        !            39: .PP
        !            40: Local addresses are looked up in a file
        !            41: and aliased appropriately.
        !            42: Aliasing can be prevented by preceding the address
        !            43: with a backslash.
        !            44: Normally the sender is not included in any alias
        !            45: expansions, e.g.,
        !            46: if `john' sends to `group',
        !            47: and `group' includes `john' in the expansion,
        !            48: then the letter will not be delivered to `john'.
        !            49: .PP
        !            50: Flags are:
        !            51: .TP 1.2i
        !            52: \-ba
        !            53: Go into \s-1ARPANET\s0 mode.
        !            54: All input lines must end with a CR-LF,
        !            55: and all messages will be generated with a CR-LF at the end.
        !            56: Also,
        !            57: the ``From:'' and ``Sender:''
        !            58: fields are examined for the name of the sender.
        !            59: .TP 1.2i
        !            60: \-bd
        !            61: Run as a daemon.  This requires Berkeley IPC.
        !            62: .TP 1.2i
        !            63: \-bi
        !            64: Initialize the alias database.
        !            65: .TP 1.2i
        !            66: \-bm
        !            67: Deliver mail in the usual way (default).
        !            68: .TP 1.2i
        !            69: \-bs
        !            70: Use the \s-2SMTP\s0 protocol as described in RFC821.
        !            71: This flag implies all the operations of the
        !            72: .B \-ba
        !            73: flag that are compatible with \s-2SMTP\s0.
        !            74: .TP 1.2i
        !            75: \-bt
        !            76: Run in address test mode.
        !            77: This mode reads addresses and shows the steps in parsing;
        !            78: it is used for debugging configuration tables.
        !            79: .TP 1.2i
        !            80: \-bv
        !            81: Verify names only \- do not try to collect or deliver a message.
        !            82: Verify mode is normally used for validating
        !            83: users or mailing lists.
        !            84: .TP 1.2i
        !            85: \-bz
        !            86: Create the configuration freeze file.
        !            87: .TP 1.2i
        !            88: .RI \-C file
        !            89: Use alternate configuration file.
        !            90: .TP 1.2i
        !            91: .RI \-d X
        !            92: Set debugging value to
        !            93: .I X.
        !            94: .TP 1.2i
        !            95: .RI \-F fullname
        !            96: Set the full name of the sender.
        !            97: .TP 1.2i
        !            98: .RI \-f name
        !            99: Sets the name of the ``from'' person
        !           100: (i.e., the sender of the mail).
        !           101: .B \-f
        !           102: can only be used
        !           103: by the special users
        !           104: .I root,
        !           105: .I daemon,
        !           106: and
        !           107: .I network,
        !           108: or if the person you are trying to become
        !           109: is the same as the person you are.
        !           110: .TP 1.2i
        !           111: .RI \-h N
        !           112: Set the hop count to
        !           113: .I N.
        !           114: The hop count is incremented every time the mail is
        !           115: processed.
        !           116: When it reaches a limit,
        !           117: the mail is returned with an error message,
        !           118: the victim of an aliasing loop.
        !           119: .TP 1.2i
        !           120: \-n
        !           121: Don't do aliasing.
        !           122: .TP 1.2i
        !           123: .RI \-o x\|value
        !           124: Set option
        !           125: .I x
        !           126: to the specified
        !           127: .I value.
        !           128: Options are described below.
        !           129: .TP 1.2i
        !           130: .RI \-q[ time ]
        !           131: Processed saved messages in the queue at given intervals.
        !           132: If
        !           133: .IT time
        !           134: is omitted,
        !           135: process the queue once.
        !           136: .IT Time
        !           137: is given as a tagged number,
        !           138: with `s' being seconds,
        !           139: `m' being minutes,
        !           140: `h' being hours,
        !           141: `d' being days,
        !           142: and
        !           143: `w' being weeks.
        !           144: For example,
        !           145: ``\-q1h30m'' or ``\-q90m''
        !           146: would both set the timeout to one hour thirty minutes.
        !           147: .TP 1.2i
        !           148: .RI \-r name
        !           149: An alternate and obsolete form of the \-f flag.
        !           150: .TP 1.2i
        !           151: \-t
        !           152: Read message for recipients.
        !           153: To:, Cc:, and Bcc: lines will be scanned for people to send to.
        !           154: The Bcc: line will be deleted before transmission.
        !           155: Any addresses in the argument list will be suppressed.
        !           156: .TP 1.2i
        !           157: \-v
        !           158: Go into verbose mode.
        !           159: Alias expansions will be announced, etc.
        !           160: .PP
        !           161: There are also a number of processing options that may be set.
        !           162: Normally these will only be used by a system administrator.
        !           163: Options may be set either on the command line
        !           164: using the
        !           165: .B \-o
        !           166: flag
        !           167: or in the configuration file.
        !           168: These are described in detail in the
        !           169: .ul
        !           170: Installation and Operation Guide.
        !           171: The options are:
        !           172: .TP 1.2i
        !           173: .RI A file
        !           174: Use alternate alias file.
        !           175: .TP 1.2i
        !           176: c
        !           177: On mailers that are considered ``expensive'' to connect to,
        !           178: don't initiate immediate connection.
        !           179: This requires queueing.
        !           180: .TP 1.2i
        !           181: .RI d x
        !           182: Set the delivery mode to
        !           183: .I x.
        !           184: Delivery modes are
        !           185: `i' for interactive (synchronous) delivery,
        !           186: `b' for background (asynchronous) delivery,
        !           187: and
        !           188: `q' for queue only \- i.e.,
        !           189: actual delivery is done the next time the queue is run.
        !           190: .TP 1.2i
        !           191: D
        !           192: Try to automatically rebuild the alias database
        !           193: if necessary.
        !           194: .TP 1.2i
        !           195: .RI e x
        !           196: Set error processing to mode
        !           197: .I x.
        !           198: Valid modes are
        !           199: `m' to mail back the error message,
        !           200: `w' to ``write'' back the error message
        !           201: (or mail it back if the sender is not logged in),
        !           202: `p' to print the errors on the terminal
        !           203: (default),
        !           204: `q' to throw away error messages
        !           205: (only exit status is returned),
        !           206: and `e'
        !           207: to do special processing for the BerkNet.
        !           208: If the text of the message is not mailed back
        !           209: by
        !           210: modes `m' or `w'
        !           211: and if the sender is local to this machine,
        !           212: a copy of the message is appended to the file
        !           213: ``dead.letter''
        !           214: in the sender's home directory.
        !           215: .TP 1.2i
        !           216: .RI F mode
        !           217: The mode to use when creating temporary files.
        !           218: .TP 1.2i
        !           219: f
        !           220: Save UNIX-style From lines at the front of messages.
        !           221: .TP 1.2i
        !           222: .RI g N
        !           223: The default group id to use when calling mailers.
        !           224: .TP 1.2i
        !           225: .RI H file
        !           226: The SMTP help file.
        !           227: .TP 1.2i
        !           228: i
        !           229: Do not take dots on a line by themselves
        !           230: as a message terminator.
        !           231: .TP 1.2i
        !           232: .RI L n
        !           233: The log level.
        !           234: .TP 1.2i
        !           235: m
        !           236: Send to ``me'' (the sender) also if I am in an alias expansion.
        !           237: .TP 1.2i
        !           238: o
        !           239: If set, this message may have
        !           240: old style headers.
        !           241: If not set,
        !           242: this message is guaranteed to have new style headers
        !           243: (i.e., commas instead of spaces between addresses).
        !           244: If set, an adaptive algorithm is used that will correctly
        !           245: determine the header format in most cases.
        !           246: .TP 1.2i
        !           247: .RI Q queuedir
        !           248: Select the directory in which to queue messages.
        !           249: .TP 1.2i
        !           250: .RI r timeout
        !           251: The timeout on reads;
        !           252: if none is set,
        !           253: .I sendmail
        !           254: will wait forever for a mailer.
        !           255: .TP 1.2i
        !           256: .RI S file
        !           257: Save statistics in the named file.
        !           258: .TP 1.2i
        !           259: s
        !           260: Always instantiate the queue file,
        !           261: even under circumstances where it is not strictly necessary.
        !           262: .TP 1.2i
        !           263: .RI T time
        !           264: Set the timeout on messages in the queue to the specified time.
        !           265: After sitting in the queue for this amount of time,
        !           266: they will be returned to the sender.
        !           267: The default is three days.
        !           268: .TP 1.2i
        !           269: .RI t stz,dtz
        !           270: Set the name of the time zone.
        !           271: .TP 1.2i
        !           272: .RI u N
        !           273: Set the default user id for mailers.
        !           274: .PP
        !           275: If the first character of the user name
        !           276: is a vertical bar,
        !           277: the rest of the user name is used as the name of a program
        !           278: to pipe the mail to.
        !           279: It may be necessary to quote the name of the user
        !           280: to keep
        !           281: .I sendmail
        !           282: from suppressing the blanks from between arguments.
        !           283: .PP
        !           284: .I Sendmail
        !           285: returns an exit status
        !           286: describing what it did.
        !           287: The codes are defined in <sysexits.h>
        !           288: .ta 3n +\w'EX_UNAVAILABLE'u+3n
        !           289: .de XX
        !           290: .ti \n(.iu
        !           291: ..
        !           292: .in +\w'EX_UNAVAILABLE'u+6n
        !           293: .XX
        !           294:        EX_OK   Successful completion on all addresses.
        !           295: .XX
        !           296:        EX_NOUSER       User name not recognized.
        !           297: .XX
        !           298:        EX_UNAVAILABLE  Catchall meaning necessary resources
        !           299: were not available.
        !           300: .XX
        !           301:        EX_SYNTAX       Syntax error in address.
        !           302: .XX
        !           303:        EX_SOFTWARE     Internal software error,
        !           304: including bad arguments.
        !           305: .XX
        !           306:        EX_OSERR        Temporary operating system error,
        !           307: such as \*(lqcannot fork\*(rq.
        !           308: .XX
        !           309:        EX_NOHOST       Host name not recognized.
        !           310: .XX
        !           311:        EX_TEMPFAIL     Message could not be sent immediately,
        !           312: but was queued.
        !           313: .PP
        !           314: If invoked as
        !           315: .I newaliases,
        !           316: .I sendmail
        !           317: will rebuild the alias database.
        !           318: If invoked as
        !           319: .I mailq,
        !           320: .I sendmail
        !           321: will print the contents of the mail queue.
        !           322: .SH FILES
        !           323: Except for
        !           324: /usr/lib/sendmail.cf,
        !           325: these pathnames are all specified in
        !           326: /usr/lib/sendmail.cf.
        !           327: Thus,
        !           328: these values are only approximations.
        !           329: .PP
        !           330: .if t .ta 2i
        !           331: .if n .ta 3i
        !           332: /usr/lib/aliases       raw data for alias names
        !           333: .br
        !           334: /usr/lib/aliases.pag
        !           335: .br
        !           336: /usr/lib/aliases.dir   data base of alias names
        !           337: .br
        !           338: /usr/lib/sendmail.cf   configuration file
        !           339: .br
        !           340: /usr/lib/sendmail.fc   frozen configuration
        !           341: .br
        !           342: /usr/lib/sendmail.hf   help file
        !           343: .br
        !           344: /usr/lib/sendmail.st   collected statistics
        !           345: .br
        !           346: /usr/bin/uux   to deliver uucp mail
        !           347: .br
        !           348: /usr/net/bin/v6mail    to deliver local mail
        !           349: .br
        !           350: /usr/net/bin/sendberkmail      to deliver Berknet mail
        !           351: .br
        !           352: /usr/lib/mailers/arpa  to deliver ARPANET mail
        !           353: .br
        !           354: /usr/spool/mqueue/*    temp files
        !           355: .br
        !           356: .SH SEE\ ALSO
        !           357: biff(1), binmail(1), mail(1), aliases(5), sendmail.cf(5),
        !           358: rmail(1),
        !           359: RFC819, RFC821, RFC822,
        !           360: .ul
        !           361: Sendmail \- An Internetwork Mail Router,
        !           362: .ul
        !           363: Sendmail Installation and Operation Guide.
        !           364: .SH BUGS
        !           365: .I Sendmail
        !           366: converts blanks in addresses to dots.
        !           367: This is incorrect according to the
        !           368: old
        !           369: .SM ARPANET
        !           370: mail protocol RFC733 (NIC 41952),
        !           371: but is consistent with the
        !           372: new protocols
        !           373: (RFC822).

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