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1.1 root 1: .TH SENDMAIL 8
2: .\" @(#)sendmail.8 4.1 7/25/83
3: .UC 5
4: .SH NAME
5: sendmail \- send mail over the internet
6: .SH SYNOPSIS
7: .B /usr/lib/sendmail
8: [ flags
9: ] [ address ... ]
10: .PP
11: .B newaliases
12: .PP
13: .B mailq
14: .SH DESCRIPTION
15: .I Sendmail
16: sends a message to one or more people,
17: routing the message over whatever networks
18: are necessary.
19: .I Sendmail
20: does internetwork forwarding as necessary
21: to deliver the message to the correct place.
22: .PP
23: .I Sendmail
24: is not intended as a user interface routine;
25: other programs provide user-friendly
26: front ends;
27: .I sendmail
28: is used only to deliver pre-formatted messages.
29: .PP
30: With no flags,
31: .I sendmail
32: reads its standard input
33: up to a control-D
34: or a line with a single dot
35: and sends a copy of the letter found there
36: to all of the addresses listed.
37: It determines the network to use
38: based on the syntax and contents of the addresses.
39: .PP
40: Local addresses are looked up in a file
41: and aliased appropriately.
42: Aliasing can be prevented by preceding the address
43: with a backslash.
44: Normally the sender is not included in any alias
45: expansions, e.g.,
46: if `john' sends to `group',
47: and `group' includes `john' in the expansion,
48: then the letter will not be delivered to `john'.
49: .PP
50: Flags are:
51: .TP 1.2i
52: \-ba
53: Go into \s-1ARPANET\s0 mode.
54: All input lines must end with a CR-LF,
55: and all messages will be generated with a CR-LF at the end.
56: Also,
57: the ``From:'' and ``Sender:''
58: fields are examined for the name of the sender.
59: .TP 1.2i
60: \-bd
61: Run as a daemon. This requires Berkeley IPC.
62: .TP 1.2i
63: \-bi
64: Initialize the alias database.
65: .TP 1.2i
66: \-bm
67: Deliver mail in the usual way (default).
68: .TP 1.2i
69: \-bs
70: Use the \s-2SMTP\s0 protocol as described in RFC821.
71: This flag implies all the operations of the
72: .B \-ba
73: flag that are compatible with \s-2SMTP\s0.
74: .TP 1.2i
75: \-bt
76: Run in address test mode.
77: This mode reads addresses and shows the steps in parsing;
78: it is used for debugging configuration tables.
79: .TP 1.2i
80: \-bv
81: Verify names only \- do not try to collect or deliver a message.
82: Verify mode is normally used for validating
83: users or mailing lists.
84: .TP 1.2i
85: \-bz
86: Create the configuration freeze file.
87: .TP 1.2i
88: .RI \-C file
89: Use alternate configuration file.
90: .TP 1.2i
91: .RI \-d X
92: Set debugging value to
93: .I X.
94: .TP 1.2i
95: .RI \-F fullname
96: Set the full name of the sender.
97: .TP 1.2i
98: .RI \-f name
99: Sets the name of the ``from'' person
100: (i.e., the sender of the mail).
101: .B \-f
102: can only be used
103: by the special users
104: .I root,
105: .I daemon,
106: and
107: .I network,
108: or if the person you are trying to become
109: is the same as the person you are.
110: .TP 1.2i
111: .RI \-h N
112: Set the hop count to
113: .I N.
114: The hop count is incremented every time the mail is
115: processed.
116: When it reaches a limit,
117: the mail is returned with an error message,
118: the victim of an aliasing loop.
119: .TP 1.2i
120: \-n
121: Don't do aliasing.
122: .TP 1.2i
123: .RI \-o x\|value
124: Set option
125: .I x
126: to the specified
127: .I value.
128: Options are described below.
129: .TP 1.2i
130: .RI \-q[ time ]
131: Processed saved messages in the queue at given intervals.
132: If
133: .IT time
134: is omitted,
135: process the queue once.
136: .IT Time
137: is given as a tagged number,
138: with `s' being seconds,
139: `m' being minutes,
140: `h' being hours,
141: `d' being days,
142: and
143: `w' being weeks.
144: For example,
145: ``\-q1h30m'' or ``\-q90m''
146: would both set the timeout to one hour thirty minutes.
147: .TP 1.2i
148: .RI \-r name
149: An alternate and obsolete form of the \-f flag.
150: .TP 1.2i
151: \-t
152: Read message for recipients.
153: To:, Cc:, and Bcc: lines will be scanned for people to send to.
154: The Bcc: line will be deleted before transmission.
155: Any addresses in the argument list will be suppressed.
156: .TP 1.2i
157: \-v
158: Go into verbose mode.
159: Alias expansions will be announced, etc.
160: .PP
161: There are also a number of processing options that may be set.
162: Normally these will only be used by a system administrator.
163: Options may be set either on the command line
164: using the
165: .B \-o
166: flag
167: or in the configuration file.
168: These are described in detail in the
169: .ul
170: Installation and Operation Guide.
171: The options are:
172: .TP 1.2i
173: .RI A file
174: Use alternate alias file.
175: .TP 1.2i
176: c
177: On mailers that are considered ``expensive'' to connect to,
178: don't initiate immediate connection.
179: This requires queueing.
180: .TP 1.2i
181: .RI d x
182: Set the delivery mode to
183: .I x.
184: Delivery modes are
185: `i' for interactive (synchronous) delivery,
186: `b' for background (asynchronous) delivery,
187: and
188: `q' for queue only \- i.e.,
189: actual delivery is done the next time the queue is run.
190: .TP 1.2i
191: D
192: Try to automatically rebuild the alias database
193: if necessary.
194: .TP 1.2i
195: .RI e x
196: Set error processing to mode
197: .I x.
198: Valid modes are
199: `m' to mail back the error message,
200: `w' to ``write'' back the error message
201: (or mail it back if the sender is not logged in),
202: `p' to print the errors on the terminal
203: (default),
204: `q' to throw away error messages
205: (only exit status is returned),
206: and `e'
207: to do special processing for the BerkNet.
208: If the text of the message is not mailed back
209: by
210: modes `m' or `w'
211: and if the sender is local to this machine,
212: a copy of the message is appended to the file
213: ``dead.letter''
214: in the sender's home directory.
215: .TP 1.2i
216: .RI F mode
217: The mode to use when creating temporary files.
218: .TP 1.2i
219: f
220: Save UNIX-style From lines at the front of messages.
221: .TP 1.2i
222: .RI g N
223: The default group id to use when calling mailers.
224: .TP 1.2i
225: .RI H file
226: The SMTP help file.
227: .TP 1.2i
228: i
229: Do not take dots on a line by themselves
230: as a message terminator.
231: .TP 1.2i
232: .RI L n
233: The log level.
234: .TP 1.2i
235: m
236: Send to ``me'' (the sender) also if I am in an alias expansion.
237: .TP 1.2i
238: o
239: If set, this message may have
240: old style headers.
241: If not set,
242: this message is guaranteed to have new style headers
243: (i.e., commas instead of spaces between addresses).
244: If set, an adaptive algorithm is used that will correctly
245: determine the header format in most cases.
246: .TP 1.2i
247: .RI Q queuedir
248: Select the directory in which to queue messages.
249: .TP 1.2i
250: .RI r timeout
251: The timeout on reads;
252: if none is set,
253: .I sendmail
254: will wait forever for a mailer.
255: .TP 1.2i
256: .RI S file
257: Save statistics in the named file.
258: .TP 1.2i
259: s
260: Always instantiate the queue file,
261: even under circumstances where it is not strictly necessary.
262: .TP 1.2i
263: .RI T time
264: Set the timeout on messages in the queue to the specified time.
265: After sitting in the queue for this amount of time,
266: they will be returned to the sender.
267: The default is three days.
268: .TP 1.2i
269: .RI t stz,dtz
270: Set the name of the time zone.
271: .TP 1.2i
272: .RI u N
273: Set the default user id for mailers.
274: .PP
275: If the first character of the user name
276: is a vertical bar,
277: the rest of the user name is used as the name of a program
278: to pipe the mail to.
279: It may be necessary to quote the name of the user
280: to keep
281: .I sendmail
282: from suppressing the blanks from between arguments.
283: .PP
284: .I Sendmail
285: returns an exit status
286: describing what it did.
287: The codes are defined in <sysexits.h>
288: .ta 3n +\w'EX_UNAVAILABLE'u+3n
289: .de XX
290: .ti \n(.iu
291: ..
292: .in +\w'EX_UNAVAILABLE'u+6n
293: .XX
294: EX_OK Successful completion on all addresses.
295: .XX
296: EX_NOUSER User name not recognized.
297: .XX
298: EX_UNAVAILABLE Catchall meaning necessary resources
299: were not available.
300: .XX
301: EX_SYNTAX Syntax error in address.
302: .XX
303: EX_SOFTWARE Internal software error,
304: including bad arguments.
305: .XX
306: EX_OSERR Temporary operating system error,
307: such as \*(lqcannot fork\*(rq.
308: .XX
309: EX_NOHOST Host name not recognized.
310: .XX
311: EX_TEMPFAIL Message could not be sent immediately,
312: but was queued.
313: .PP
314: If invoked as
315: .I newaliases,
316: .I sendmail
317: will rebuild the alias database.
318: If invoked as
319: .I mailq,
320: .I sendmail
321: will print the contents of the mail queue.
322: .SH FILES
323: Except for
324: /usr/lib/sendmail.cf,
325: these pathnames are all specified in
326: /usr/lib/sendmail.cf.
327: Thus,
328: these values are only approximations.
329: .PP
330: .if t .ta 2i
331: .if n .ta 3i
332: /usr/lib/aliases raw data for alias names
333: .br
334: /usr/lib/aliases.pag
335: .br
336: /usr/lib/aliases.dir data base of alias names
337: .br
338: /usr/lib/sendmail.cf configuration file
339: .br
340: /usr/lib/sendmail.fc frozen configuration
341: .br
342: /usr/lib/sendmail.hf help file
343: .br
344: /usr/lib/sendmail.st collected statistics
345: .br
346: /usr/bin/uux to deliver uucp mail
347: .br
348: /usr/net/bin/v6mail to deliver local mail
349: .br
350: /usr/net/bin/sendberkmail to deliver Berknet mail
351: .br
352: /usr/lib/mailers/arpa to deliver ARPANET mail
353: .br
354: /usr/spool/mqueue/* temp files
355: .br
356: .SH SEE\ ALSO
357: biff(1), binmail(1), mail(1), aliases(5), sendmail.cf(5),
358: rmail(1),
359: RFC819, RFC821, RFC822,
360: .ul
361: Sendmail \- An Internetwork Mail Router,
362: .ul
363: Sendmail Installation and Operation Guide.
364: .SH BUGS
365: .I Sendmail
366: converts blanks in addresses to dots.
367: This is incorrect according to the
368: old
369: .SM ARPANET
370: mail protocol RFC733 (NIC 41952),
371: but is consistent with the
372: new protocols
373: (RFC822).
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