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Annotation of 43BSD/contrib/X/man/xnwm.1, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .TH XNWM 1 "19 July 1985" "X Version 10"
        !             2: .SH NAME
        !             3: xnwm - X window system manager process
        !             4: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             5: .B xnwm
        !             6: [ -cmsnftv2 ] [ @\fIborder\fP ] [ %\fIiconDelta\fP ]
        !             7: .br
        !             8:        [ fm=\fIfont\fP ] [ fi=\fIfont\fP ] [ fs=\fIfont\fP ]
        !             9: .br
        !            10:        [ l=\fIop\fP ] [ m=\fIop\fP ] [ r=\fIop\fP ]
        !            11: .br
        !            12:        [ \fIhost\fP:\fIdisplay\fP ] [ =\fIgeometry\fP ]
        !            13: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            14: .PP
        !            15: The window manager is a process that allows the user of a display running the
        !            16: X window system to manipulate the windows on the screen.  X implements the
        !            17: `desktop model' of overlapping windows;
        !            18: .I xnwm
        !            19: allows windows to be moved, iconified, and resized, allows the order of the
        !            20: windows in the `stack' of overlapping windows to be manipulated, and allows
        !            21: the keyboard focus to be attached to a window.  X allows windows to contain
        !            22: other windows, but
        !            23: .I xnwm
        !            24: only manipulates the top-level windows and not any of the subwindows.
        !            25: .PP
        !            26: .I Xnwm
        !            27: takes arguments
        !            28: .I host
        !            29: and
        !            30: .I display,
        !            31: which refer the the host and display number.
        !            32: For example `xnwm amadeus:1' would start up the window manager
        !            33: on display one on the machine amadeus.
        !            34: By default,
        !            35: .I xnwm
        !            36: uses the host and display number stored in
        !            37: the environment variable DISPLAY, and therefore they are not normally
        !            38: specified.
        !            39: .PP
        !            40: .I Xnwm
        !            41: has 2 modes of operation, `normal' and `popup',  In normal mode
        !            42: .I xnwm
        !            43: creates a menu window across the top of the screen.  To perform an
        !            44: action, you click any mouse button in the appropriate menu box and then click
        !            45: the same button in the window you wish to affect.
        !            46: .I Xnwm
        !            47: also reserves certain button/key
        !            48: combinations and interprets them as operations on existing windows.
        !            49: The key combination is specified in the command line with some subset of
        !            50: the options:
        !            51: .B -c
        !            52: (Control),
        !            53: .B -m
        !            54: (Meta), and
        !            55: .B -s
        !            56: (Shift).  For example, if you specify the options
        !            57: .B -cm
        !            58: then the Control and Meta keys must be down at the time a mouse button is
        !            59: depressed.
        !            60: The option
        !            61: .B -n
        !            62: (None) means that no buttons need be held down.  This is discouraged
        !            63: since it means that applications will never receive unshifted mouse
        !            64: clicks.
        !            65: If no combination is specified in the command line, Meta is assumed.
        !            66: Note:  the key combination is not necessary when using functions from the
        !            67: menu; it is only needed with the assigned button functions to distinguish
        !            68: window manager operations from operations destined for the application
        !            69: running within the window.
        !            70: .PP
        !            71: The window manager normally takes control of the screen at various
        !            72: times to assure that the screen image remains correct while performing
        !            73: window manager operations.  When this happens, requests from other
        !            74: applications are temporarily suspended until the window manager
        !            75: finishes the operation.  The option
        !            76: .B -f
        !            77: (no freeze) disables this.  If this option is specified, window
        !            78: outlines for
        !            79: .I Move
        !            80: and
        !            81: .I Resize
        !            82: will flicker rather than remaining solid, and the background behind
        !            83: popup windows (see later) will take longer to redraw.
        !            84: .PP
        !            85: The options
        !            86: .B -t
        !            87: (thin), 
        !            88: .B -v
        !            89: (vertical), and
        !            90: .B -2
        !            91: (2 rows) control the format of the menu bar.  In the absence of any of
        !            92: these, the menu extends across the entire screen.  If the
        !            93: .B -t
        !            94: option is given, the menu bar will not extend fully across the screen;
        !            95: instead there will be room at the right (convenient for, for example, a clock
        !            96: window).  If the
        !            97: .B -v
        !            98: option is used, the menu windows are stacked vertically instead of spread
        !            99: horizontally.  The
        !           100: .B -2
        !           101: option causes the menu windows to be in two rows, allowing room for a
        !           102: terminal window the height of the screen while still allowing menu access.
        !           103: Either of the last two options automatically selects the
        !           104: .B -t
        !           105: option.  The menu is located in the upper left corner of the screen by
        !           106: default, but its location can be set with the
        !           107: .B =\fIgeometry\fP
        !           108: option as usual with X applications.  (Notice that there is no size
        !           109: component, position information is used only.)
        !           110: .PP
        !           111: .I Xnwm
        !           112: will use reverse video for the menu, the cursor, icon text, and the
        !           113: frame around selected windows if the
        !           114: .B -r
        !           115: (reverse) option is used.
        !           116: .PP
        !           117: The border width around selected windows can be changed with the
        !           118: .B @
        !           119: argument; the default is 5 pixels.
        !           120: .PP
        !           121: The default font for displaying text is ``8x13''.  You can specify a different
        !           122: font with the
        !           123: .B fm=
        !           124: (Menu font),
        !           125: .B fi=
        !           126: (Icon font), and the
        !           127: .B fs=
        !           128: (Size window font) options.
        !           129: .PP
        !           130: Initially, the left, middle, and right mouse buttons are bound to the
        !           131: operations
        !           132: .I Select, Raise,
        !           133: and
        !           134: .I Move.
        !           135: You can change these bindings with
        !           136: the
        !           137: .B l=
        !           138: (left),
        !           139: .B m=
        !           140: (middle), and
        !           141: .B r=
        !           142: (right) arguments.  Each should be followed by one of the letters "srmilzc",
        !           143: representing, respectively,
        !           144: .I Select, Raise, Move, Iconify, Lower, resiZe,
        !           145: and
        !           146: .I Circulate.
        !           147: They may also be followed by nothing, in which case no function
        !           148: is bound to that key.
        !           149: .PP
        !           150: Clicking any button that is not bound to the
        !           151: .I Select
        !           152: function in the background will cause the menu window to become
        !           153: visible if it has become covered by other windows.  Double clicking the
        !           154: background will cause the menu to move back to its original position.
        !           155: .PP
        !           156: In popup mode, the menu window is not normally displayed, but instead `pops
        !           157: up' when a particular button is pressed.  To get popup mode, bind the letter
        !           158: ``p'' to any of the three buttons as described above.  (You may also bind the
        !           159: other buttons as desired.)  Whenever the bound button is clicked while the
        !           160: appropriate combination of control, meta, and shift keys is depressed, or
        !           161: any time a button that is not bound to the
        !           162: .I Select
        !           163: function is clicked in the background, the menu will appear beneath
        !           164: the cursor.  You may then select any menu function you wish; after the
        !           165: operation is completed the menu will disappear.  To make the menu disappear
        !           166: without performing any operation, just move the cursor out of the menu area.
        !           167: Note:  the mouse button bound to the popup function may not be rebound using
        !           168: .B Assign.
        !           169: Using popup mode with complicated screen images and with no freeze (the
        !           170: .B -f
        !           171: option) may cause some difficulties
        !           172: if the menu obscures the image, since the applications will have to redraw
        !           173: their windows after the menu goes away.
        !           174: .PP
        !           175: The available commands are described below.  For any of these
        !           176: commands, if you press a button to start a command, and then want to abort
        !           177: the command, simply press one of the other buttons before releasing the
        !           178: first button.
        !           179: .PP
        !           180: .B Select
        !           181: attaches the keyboard to a window, i.e., keyboard input will go
        !           182: to that window (hierarchy) even when the mouse is outside the window.
        !           183: It also
        !           184: .B Raises
        !           185: the selected window.  Selecting the background will detach the keyboard from
        !           186: any window (actually, it attaches it to the background window).  If no window
        !           187: is selected the keyboard input will go to the window which currently contains
        !           188: the mouse cursor.  The selected window is highlighted by drawing a partial
        !           189: frame around the window.  Selecting an icon allows the icon name to be
        !           190: edited: the delete key deletes the last character, control-U deletes the
        !           191: entire name, and other characters are appended to the current name.  Typing a
        !           192: return restores the input focus to the most recent non-icon window selected.
        !           193: .PP
        !           194: .B Raise
        !           195: raises the window to the top of any stack of overlapping windows.
        !           196: .PP
        !           197: .B Move
        !           198: is used to move a window.
        !           199: If you apply it to a window, an outline will be moved with
        !           200: the mouse; when you release the button, the window will be moved.
        !           201: .PP
        !           202: .B (De)Iconify
        !           203: will make a window into an icon.  If the mouse is moved more than a threshold
        !           204: amount, or this is the first time the window has been iconified, the icon will
        !           205: appear at the location on the screen where the button is released.  Otherwise,
        !           206: the icon will reappear at its previous location.  This threshold may be
        !           207: changed with the
        !           208: %\fIiconDelta\fP
        !           209: option.  Giving a negative value will disable this effect.  The default is 5
        !           210: pixels.
        !           211: .B (De)Iconify
        !           212: will make the original window reappear at its former position on the screen
        !           213: if it is applied to an icon.  The name displayed in the icon can be edited by
        !           214: .B Selecting
        !           215: the icon.
        !           216: .PP
        !           217: .B Lower
        !           218: will `push' the window you point at to the bottom of any
        !           219: stack of overlapping windows.
        !           220: .PP
        !           221: .B Resize
        !           222: is used to resize a window by moving a corner or an edge.
        !           223: If you apply it to a window, a rubber banded outline of the window will be
        !           224: displayed and moving the mouse will change its size, leaving the opposite
        !           225: corner or other edges fixed.  The corner or edge to be moved depends on the
        !           226: where the mouse is when the button is pressed.  Imagine the window divided
        !           227: with grid of nine rectangles.  If the mouse is in one of the four corner
        !           228: rectangles or the center rectangle, then the corner closest to the mouse
        !           229: will be moved; otherwise, the closest edge will be moved.  When the button
        !           230: is released, the window will be resized.
        !           231: .PP
        !           232: .B Circulate
        !           233: causes the lowest window in the stack of overlapping windows to be
        !           234: .B Raised
        !           235: ; successive applications will reveal every window in turn.
        !           236: .PP
        !           237: .B Assign
        !           238: allows you to change the button bindings; to use it click any button in the
        !           239: Assign menu window and then click the same button in any other function to
        !           240: assign that function to that button.  To remove the assignment from a button,
        !           241: double click the
        !           242: .B Assign
        !           243: window.
        !           244: .SH X DEFAULTS AND OPTION SUMMARY
        !           245: .TP 8
        !           246: .B MenuFont (fm=\fIname\fP)
        !           247: Set the default font for the menu.
        !           248: .TP 8
        !           249: .B SizeFont (fs=\fIname\fP)
        !           250: Set the default font for the size window.
        !           251: .TP 8
        !           252: .B IconFont (fi=\fIname\fP)
        !           253: Set the default font for icons.
        !           254: .\" The @ causes problems in a .TP, so the next one is done out by hand
        !           255: .PP
        !           256: .B FrameWidth (@\fIvalue\fP)
        !           257: .RS 8
        !           258: Set the width of the frame around selected windows.
        !           259: .RE
        !           260: .TP 8
        !           261: .B IconifyDelta (%\fIvalue\fP)
        !           262: Set the threshold for moving icons.
        !           263: .TP 8
        !           264: .B ReverseVideo (-r)
        !           265: Sets reverse video for the menu, icons, selection border, and cursor.
        !           266: .TP 8
        !           267: .B MenuFormat (-tv2)
        !           268: Sets the format of the menu; should be some subset of
        !           269: .B tv2
        !           270: meaning thin, vertical, or 2 rows.
        !           271: .TP 8
        !           272: .B Freeze (-f)
        !           273: If set to ``off'', disables
        !           274: .I xnwm
        !           275: taking control of the screen during operations.
        !           276: .TP 8
        !           277: .B KeyCombination (-csmln)
        !           278: Sets the keys required to specify 
        !           279: .I xnwm
        !           280: operations; should be some subset of
        !           281: .B csmln
        !           282: meaning control, shift, meta, lock, and none.
        !           283: .TP 8
        !           284: .B LeftButton (l=value)
        !           285: Sets the default left button function; should be one of
        !           286: .B srmilzcp
        !           287: .TP 8
        !           288: .B MiddleButton (m=value)
        !           289: Sets the default middle button function; should be one of
        !           290: .B srmilzcp
        !           291: .TP 8
        !           292: .B RightButton (r=value)
        !           293: Sets the default right button function; should be one of
        !           294: .B srmilzcp
        !           295: .TP 8
        !           296: .B Geometry (={+-}xoff{+-}yoff)
        !           297: Sets the location of the menu.
        !           298: .SH FILES
        !           299: .nf
        !           300: .ta \w'/usr/athena/lib/vs/font        'u
        !           301: /usr/new/lib/X/font            directory of fonts
        !           302: .fi
        !           303: .SH ENVIRONMENT
        !           304: DISPLAY        - to get default host and display number
        !           305: .SH "SEE ALSO"
        !           306: X(8C)
        !           307: .SH AUTHOR
        !           308: Paul Asente, Stanford University, using some algorithms originally by
        !           309: Bob Scheifler, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science

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