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1.1 root 1: .TH XNWM 1 "19 July 1985" "X Version 10"
2: .SH NAME
3: xnwm - X window system manager process
4: .SH SYNOPSIS
5: .B xnwm
6: [ -cmsnftv2 ] [ @\fIborder\fP ] [ %\fIiconDelta\fP ]
7: .br
8: [ fm=\fIfont\fP ] [ fi=\fIfont\fP ] [ fs=\fIfont\fP ]
9: .br
10: [ l=\fIop\fP ] [ m=\fIop\fP ] [ r=\fIop\fP ]
11: .br
12: [ \fIhost\fP:\fIdisplay\fP ] [ =\fIgeometry\fP ]
13: .SH DESCRIPTION
14: .PP
15: The window manager is a process that allows the user of a display running the
16: X window system to manipulate the windows on the screen. X implements the
17: `desktop model' of overlapping windows;
18: .I xnwm
19: allows windows to be moved, iconified, and resized, allows the order of the
20: windows in the `stack' of overlapping windows to be manipulated, and allows
21: the keyboard focus to be attached to a window. X allows windows to contain
22: other windows, but
23: .I xnwm
24: only manipulates the top-level windows and not any of the subwindows.
25: .PP
26: .I Xnwm
27: takes arguments
28: .I host
29: and
30: .I display,
31: which refer the the host and display number.
32: For example `xnwm amadeus:1' would start up the window manager
33: on display one on the machine amadeus.
34: By default,
35: .I xnwm
36: uses the host and display number stored in
37: the environment variable DISPLAY, and therefore they are not normally
38: specified.
39: .PP
40: .I Xnwm
41: has 2 modes of operation, `normal' and `popup', In normal mode
42: .I xnwm
43: creates a menu window across the top of the screen. To perform an
44: action, you click any mouse button in the appropriate menu box and then click
45: the same button in the window you wish to affect.
46: .I Xnwm
47: also reserves certain button/key
48: combinations and interprets them as operations on existing windows.
49: The key combination is specified in the command line with some subset of
50: the options:
51: .B -c
52: (Control),
53: .B -m
54: (Meta), and
55: .B -s
56: (Shift). For example, if you specify the options
57: .B -cm
58: then the Control and Meta keys must be down at the time a mouse button is
59: depressed.
60: The option
61: .B -n
62: (None) means that no buttons need be held down. This is discouraged
63: since it means that applications will never receive unshifted mouse
64: clicks.
65: If no combination is specified in the command line, Meta is assumed.
66: Note: the key combination is not necessary when using functions from the
67: menu; it is only needed with the assigned button functions to distinguish
68: window manager operations from operations destined for the application
69: running within the window.
70: .PP
71: The window manager normally takes control of the screen at various
72: times to assure that the screen image remains correct while performing
73: window manager operations. When this happens, requests from other
74: applications are temporarily suspended until the window manager
75: finishes the operation. The option
76: .B -f
77: (no freeze) disables this. If this option is specified, window
78: outlines for
79: .I Move
80: and
81: .I Resize
82: will flicker rather than remaining solid, and the background behind
83: popup windows (see later) will take longer to redraw.
84: .PP
85: The options
86: .B -t
87: (thin),
88: .B -v
89: (vertical), and
90: .B -2
91: (2 rows) control the format of the menu bar. In the absence of any of
92: these, the menu extends across the entire screen. If the
93: .B -t
94: option is given, the menu bar will not extend fully across the screen;
95: instead there will be room at the right (convenient for, for example, a clock
96: window). If the
97: .B -v
98: option is used, the menu windows are stacked vertically instead of spread
99: horizontally. The
100: .B -2
101: option causes the menu windows to be in two rows, allowing room for a
102: terminal window the height of the screen while still allowing menu access.
103: Either of the last two options automatically selects the
104: .B -t
105: option. The menu is located in the upper left corner of the screen by
106: default, but its location can be set with the
107: .B =\fIgeometry\fP
108: option as usual with X applications. (Notice that there is no size
109: component, position information is used only.)
110: .PP
111: .I Xnwm
112: will use reverse video for the menu, the cursor, icon text, and the
113: frame around selected windows if the
114: .B -r
115: (reverse) option is used.
116: .PP
117: The border width around selected windows can be changed with the
118: .B @
119: argument; the default is 5 pixels.
120: .PP
121: The default font for displaying text is ``8x13''. You can specify a different
122: font with the
123: .B fm=
124: (Menu font),
125: .B fi=
126: (Icon font), and the
127: .B fs=
128: (Size window font) options.
129: .PP
130: Initially, the left, middle, and right mouse buttons are bound to the
131: operations
132: .I Select, Raise,
133: and
134: .I Move.
135: You can change these bindings with
136: the
137: .B l=
138: (left),
139: .B m=
140: (middle), and
141: .B r=
142: (right) arguments. Each should be followed by one of the letters "srmilzc",
143: representing, respectively,
144: .I Select, Raise, Move, Iconify, Lower, resiZe,
145: and
146: .I Circulate.
147: They may also be followed by nothing, in which case no function
148: is bound to that key.
149: .PP
150: Clicking any button that is not bound to the
151: .I Select
152: function in the background will cause the menu window to become
153: visible if it has become covered by other windows. Double clicking the
154: background will cause the menu to move back to its original position.
155: .PP
156: In popup mode, the menu window is not normally displayed, but instead `pops
157: up' when a particular button is pressed. To get popup mode, bind the letter
158: ``p'' to any of the three buttons as described above. (You may also bind the
159: other buttons as desired.) Whenever the bound button is clicked while the
160: appropriate combination of control, meta, and shift keys is depressed, or
161: any time a button that is not bound to the
162: .I Select
163: function is clicked in the background, the menu will appear beneath
164: the cursor. You may then select any menu function you wish; after the
165: operation is completed the menu will disappear. To make the menu disappear
166: without performing any operation, just move the cursor out of the menu area.
167: Note: the mouse button bound to the popup function may not be rebound using
168: .B Assign.
169: Using popup mode with complicated screen images and with no freeze (the
170: .B -f
171: option) may cause some difficulties
172: if the menu obscures the image, since the applications will have to redraw
173: their windows after the menu goes away.
174: .PP
175: The available commands are described below. For any of these
176: commands, if you press a button to start a command, and then want to abort
177: the command, simply press one of the other buttons before releasing the
178: first button.
179: .PP
180: .B Select
181: attaches the keyboard to a window, i.e., keyboard input will go
182: to that window (hierarchy) even when the mouse is outside the window.
183: It also
184: .B Raises
185: the selected window. Selecting the background will detach the keyboard from
186: any window (actually, it attaches it to the background window). If no window
187: is selected the keyboard input will go to the window which currently contains
188: the mouse cursor. The selected window is highlighted by drawing a partial
189: frame around the window. Selecting an icon allows the icon name to be
190: edited: the delete key deletes the last character, control-U deletes the
191: entire name, and other characters are appended to the current name. Typing a
192: return restores the input focus to the most recent non-icon window selected.
193: .PP
194: .B Raise
195: raises the window to the top of any stack of overlapping windows.
196: .PP
197: .B Move
198: is used to move a window.
199: If you apply it to a window, an outline will be moved with
200: the mouse; when you release the button, the window will be moved.
201: .PP
202: .B (De)Iconify
203: will make a window into an icon. If the mouse is moved more than a threshold
204: amount, or this is the first time the window has been iconified, the icon will
205: appear at the location on the screen where the button is released. Otherwise,
206: the icon will reappear at its previous location. This threshold may be
207: changed with the
208: %\fIiconDelta\fP
209: option. Giving a negative value will disable this effect. The default is 5
210: pixels.
211: .B (De)Iconify
212: will make the original window reappear at its former position on the screen
213: if it is applied to an icon. The name displayed in the icon can be edited by
214: .B Selecting
215: the icon.
216: .PP
217: .B Lower
218: will `push' the window you point at to the bottom of any
219: stack of overlapping windows.
220: .PP
221: .B Resize
222: is used to resize a window by moving a corner or an edge.
223: If you apply it to a window, a rubber banded outline of the window will be
224: displayed and moving the mouse will change its size, leaving the opposite
225: corner or other edges fixed. The corner or edge to be moved depends on the
226: where the mouse is when the button is pressed. Imagine the window divided
227: with grid of nine rectangles. If the mouse is in one of the four corner
228: rectangles or the center rectangle, then the corner closest to the mouse
229: will be moved; otherwise, the closest edge will be moved. When the button
230: is released, the window will be resized.
231: .PP
232: .B Circulate
233: causes the lowest window in the stack of overlapping windows to be
234: .B Raised
235: ; successive applications will reveal every window in turn.
236: .PP
237: .B Assign
238: allows you to change the button bindings; to use it click any button in the
239: Assign menu window and then click the same button in any other function to
240: assign that function to that button. To remove the assignment from a button,
241: double click the
242: .B Assign
243: window.
244: .SH X DEFAULTS AND OPTION SUMMARY
245: .TP 8
246: .B MenuFont (fm=\fIname\fP)
247: Set the default font for the menu.
248: .TP 8
249: .B SizeFont (fs=\fIname\fP)
250: Set the default font for the size window.
251: .TP 8
252: .B IconFont (fi=\fIname\fP)
253: Set the default font for icons.
254: .\" The @ causes problems in a .TP, so the next one is done out by hand
255: .PP
256: .B FrameWidth (@\fIvalue\fP)
257: .RS 8
258: Set the width of the frame around selected windows.
259: .RE
260: .TP 8
261: .B IconifyDelta (%\fIvalue\fP)
262: Set the threshold for moving icons.
263: .TP 8
264: .B ReverseVideo (-r)
265: Sets reverse video for the menu, icons, selection border, and cursor.
266: .TP 8
267: .B MenuFormat (-tv2)
268: Sets the format of the menu; should be some subset of
269: .B tv2
270: meaning thin, vertical, or 2 rows.
271: .TP 8
272: .B Freeze (-f)
273: If set to ``off'', disables
274: .I xnwm
275: taking control of the screen during operations.
276: .TP 8
277: .B KeyCombination (-csmln)
278: Sets the keys required to specify
279: .I xnwm
280: operations; should be some subset of
281: .B csmln
282: meaning control, shift, meta, lock, and none.
283: .TP 8
284: .B LeftButton (l=value)
285: Sets the default left button function; should be one of
286: .B srmilzcp
287: .TP 8
288: .B MiddleButton (m=value)
289: Sets the default middle button function; should be one of
290: .B srmilzcp
291: .TP 8
292: .B RightButton (r=value)
293: Sets the default right button function; should be one of
294: .B srmilzcp
295: .TP 8
296: .B Geometry (={+-}xoff{+-}yoff)
297: Sets the location of the menu.
298: .SH FILES
299: .nf
300: .ta \w'/usr/athena/lib/vs/font 'u
301: /usr/new/lib/X/font directory of fonts
302: .fi
303: .SH ENVIRONMENT
304: DISPLAY - to get default host and display number
305: .SH "SEE ALSO"
306: X(8C)
307: .SH AUTHOR
308: Paul Asente, Stanford University, using some algorithms originally by
309: Bob Scheifler, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science
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