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1.1 root 1: .ds v 7.15
2: .nr sa 35
3: .ds ex edt
4: .ds ed xed
5: .ds Ed Xed
6: .ds ED XED
7: .ds ux eXtended
8: '''.ds ed eed
9: '''.ds Ed Eed
10: '''.ds ED EED
11: '''.ds ux EE/unix
12: .if t .ds 0 \o'/0'
13: .if t .ds oq "``
14: .if t .ds cq "''
15: .if n .ds oq ""
16: .if n .ds cq ""
17: .nh
18: .TH \*(ED 1 "28 July 1983"
19: .UC 4
20: .SH NAME
21: \*(ed
22: \(mi \*(ux text EDitor \(mi V\*v
23: .SH SYNOPSIS
24: .B \*(ed
25: [
26: .B \(mi!@abBcdefhiklmnoOpqrstvwy
27: ] [ name ]
28: .SH DESCRIPTION
29: .I \*(Ed
30: is the \*(ux text EDitor.
31: .PP
32: If a
33: .I name
34: argument is given,
35: .I \*(ed
36: simulates an
37: .B e
38: command (see below) on the named file; that is to say,
39: the file is read into
40: .IR \*(ed 's
41: buffer so that it can be edited.
42: After every \n(sa
43: (default)
44: commands have been executed,
45: the edit buffer will be written
46: on a scratch file.
47: When
48: .I \*(ed
49: terminates successfully,
50: the
51: .I save
52: file will be removed unless the
53: .B \(mid
54: flag was selected.
55: If a writeable file named \*(oq\c
56: .I edsav\c
57: \&\*(cq exists in the current directory,
58: all commands typed will be written to it.
59: .PP
60: The optional flags after the
61: .B \(mi
62: have the following functions:
63: .TP
64: .B \(mi!
65: Disallow use of the
66: .B !
67: command.
68: Mostly useful for writing programs which cannot allow
69: unrestricted access to shell commands.
70: .TP
71: .BI \(mi@ fn
72: Preset the
73: .I indirect
74: file name to
75: .IR fn .
76: Subsequent use of the
77: .B @
78: command will read commands from
79: .IR fn ,
80: until the name is changed by giving an argument to the
81: .B @
82: command.
83: .TP
84: .B \(mia
85: The line numbers will be printed in
86: .I apl
87: mode.
88: The form is
89: \*(oq[
90: .I n
91: ]\fI\et\fP\*(cq
92: followed by the text.
93: In addition,
94: overstruck characters will be printed
95: on two lines, one above the other.
96: .I Apl
97: line numbers begin at
98: .I zero
99: instead of one.
100: .TP
101: .B \(mib
102: Make a
103: .I backup
104: copy of the edit file
105: upon entry to the editor.
106: The file's name will be that of the original
107: file with a \*(oq\c
108: .BI . bak\c
109: \&\*(cq extension.
110: .TP
111: .BI \(miB nnnn
112: Set the
113: .I line
114: buffer size to
115: .I nnnn
116: (decimal) bytes.
117: The default line buffer size is 512 bytes,
118: which limits the maximum length line which may be processed.
119: Since there are occasions where it is desired to process
120: longer lines,
121: the buffer size may be increased.
122: .TP
123: .BI \(mic nn
124: Set the editor's idea of the depth of the Crt screen
125: for the
126: .B :
127: command to
128: .I nn
129: (decimal).
130: Default is 21 lines.
131: If
132: .I nn
133: is zero, the paging will be disabled.
134: (See also the
135: .I d=nn
136: command.)
137: .TP
138: .B \(mid
139: Disables the deletion of the file created via the
140: .I auto-save
141: feature.
142: (The \*(oq\c
143: .BI . \*(ex\c
144: \&\*(cq file.)
145: .TP
146: .B \(mie
147: Each input command will be echoed on standard output.
148: This is useful for debugging editor command files,
149: since the error message will be immediately
150: preceded by the command that caused it.
151: .TP
152: .B \(mif
153: .I \*(Ed
154: will automatically prompt for text lines
155: upon being invoked.
156: Upon exit,
157: .I \*(ed
158: will automatically write the file.
159: This is useful for creating files without having to type the
160: .B a
161: command upon entry.
162: Note: If this flag is selected, the editor will over-write
163: an existing file by the same name.
164: See the
165: .B qi
166: command.
167: .TP
168: .B \(mih
169: Enable processing of a \*(oq\c
170: .I huge\c
171: \&\*(cq file, I.E. one with
172: up to 511 blocks, instead of the normal limit
173: of 255 blocks.
174: The use of
175: .B \(mih
176: disallows the
177: .B g
178: and
179: .B v
180: commands.
181: (This flag is inoperative and unnecessary on the Vax.)
182: .TP
183: .B \(mii
184: If an
185: .I interrupt
186: (ASCII
187: .BR DEL )
188: character is typed,
189: .I \*(ed
190: will write the current contents of the edit buffer on a file,
191: and exit.
192: The name of the dump file is that of the original file with a
193: .BI . int
194: extension.
195: The
196: .B \(mii
197: flag is very useful for shell files
198: which call the editor, since the editor will
199: not hang around after an interrupt,
200: interfering with the user's commands.
201: .TP
202: .B \(mik
203: Useful for slow terminals,
204: this flag
205: .I kills
206: verbose error messages.
207: Instead,
208: .I \*(ed
209: prints a query
210: .B ?
211: followed by an
212: .IR "error number" .
213: The actual error message may be obtained by typing the
214: .BI e nn
215: command (see below).
216: The long error messages may be turned on/off
217: via the
218: .B e+
219: and
220: .B e\(mi
221: commands (see below).
222: .TP
223: .BI \(mil c
224: The
225: .I eol
226: character is initialized to character
227: .IR c .
228: It may be changed during the edit session by the
229: .BI e= c
230: command.
231: .TP
232: .BI \(mim nn
233: The modification count before an automatic
234: save of the edit buffer is set to
235: .I nn
236: (decimal).
237: Default is \n(sa.
238: (That is, after every \n(sa commands which cause
239: a modification to one or more lines, the
240: edit buffer will be written on the edit
241: file name with
242: .BI . \*(ex
243: extension.)
244: If the count is zero, the auto-save feature is disabled.
245: .TP
246: .B \(min
247: The
248: .I no-line-numbers
249: flag is toggled.
250: This results in the omission of line number prompts
251: as well as line numbers on the
252: .B p
253: and
254: .B l
255: commands.
256: .TP
257: .B \(mio
258: The editor will not seek standard input to end-of-file
259: upon detecting a command error.
260: Normally, this results in a command file terminating immediately.
261: .TP
262: .B \(miO
263: If a
264: .I write
265: is attempted to a file that is write-locked,
266: but is owned by the user,
267: an attempt will be made to
268: .I override
269: the permission.
270: .TP
271: .B \(mip
272: Turn on prompts even if not talking to a terminal, mostly
273: useful for editing through pipes
274: (as when using
275: .IR protocol (1)
276: or
277: .IR script (1)).
278: .TP
279: .B \(miq
280: The editor will
281: .B NOT
282: ignore a
283: .I quit
284: (ASCII
285: .B FS
286: or ctrl-\c
287: .B \e\c
288: ) signal.
289: Normally for editor debugging purposes, as a core dump
290: can then be made.
291: .br
292: .BR Beware ,
293: the edit buffer can not be recovered!
294: .TP
295: .B \(mir
296: .I Removes
297: the special meaning of the special characters:
298: .B $
299: .B &
300: .B \e(
301: .B \e)
302: .B [
303: .B .
304: .B *
305: .B ^
306: .B \e
307: .TP
308: .B \(mis
309: .I Silent
310: mode.
311: No prompts are issued,
312: printing of lines resulting from commands is suppressed
313: unless they are
314: .I explicitly
315: terminated with a
316: .BR p .
317: This mode is useful for running editor command files.
318: .TP
319: .BI \(mit c
320: Set the
321: .I tab
322: character to
323: .IR c .
324: This is the character which will be expanded
325: to the appropriate number of fill characters to get
326: to the next column which has a tab stop set in it.
327: The
328: .I tab
329: character may be set/changed using the
330: .BI t= c
331: command.
332: .TP
333: .BI \(miv c
334: Set the tab
335: .I fill
336: character to
337: .IR c .
338: This character is used to pad out the space between expanded
339: fields.
340: The tab
341: .I fill
342: character may be set/changed by the
343: .BI f= c
344: command.
345: .TP
346: .BI \(miw nn
347: Set the editor's idea of the page width to
348: .I nn
349: (decimal).
350: Default is 80 columns.
351: (See also the
352: .BI w= nn
353: command.)
354: .TP
355: .B \(miy
356: Set the interrupt processing to list out
357: one page
358: (see the
359: .B :
360: command)
361: upon receipt of an interrupt.
362: .TP
363: .B \(mi\*0123456789
364: A decimal number preceded by a
365: .B \(mi
366: will set a
367: .I tab
368: stop in that column.
369: Tab settings may be made during edit session by the
370: .BI t, nn
371: command.
372: .TP
373: .B \(mi,
374: A comma in the flag list is ignored to facilitate
375: setting multiple tab stops.
376: For example, tabs may be set by any of the forms
377: \*(oq\(mi9\ \(mi17\ \(mi25\*(cq, \*(oq\(mi9,17,25\*(cq, \*(oq\(mi9a17d25f\*(cq.
378: .PP
379: .I \*(Ed
380: operates on a copy of any file it is editing; changes made
381: in the copy have no effect on the file until a
382: .I w
383: (write)
384: command is given.
385: The copy of the text being edited resides
386: in a temporary file called the buffer.
387: There is only one buffer.
388: .PP
389: Commands to
390: .I \*(ed
391: have a simple and regular structure:
392: zero or more addresses followed by a one or more character
393: command, possibly followed by parameters to the command.
394: These addresses specify one or more lines in the buffer.
395: Every command which requires addresses has default addresses,
396: so that the addresses can often be omitted.
397: .PP
398: In general, only one command may appear on a line.
399: (See the
400: .BI e= c
401: command and the
402: .B \(mil
403: flag.)
404: Certain commands allow the input of text.
405: This text is placed in the appropriate place in the buffer.
406: While
407: .I \*(ed
408: is accepting text, it is said to be in
409: .IR "input mode" .
410: In this mode, no commands are recognized;
411: all input is merely collected.
412: Input mode is left by typing a period
413: .B .
414: alone at the
415: beginning of a line, or by receipt of an end-of-file
416: (Ctrl-D)
417: from the keyboard.
418: .PP
419: .I \*(Ed
420: supports a limited form of
421: .I "regular expression"
422: notation.
423: A regular expression specifies
424: a set of strings of characters.
425: A member of this set of strings is said to be
426: .I matched
427: by the regular expression.
428: The regular expressions allowed by
429: .I \*(ed
430: are constructed as follows:
431: In the following specification for regular expressions
432: the word
433: .I character
434: means any character but newline.
435: .IP 1.
436: Any character except a
437: .I special
438: character
439: matches itself.
440: Special characters are
441: the regular expression delimiter plus
442: .B "\e [ ."
443: and sometimes
444: .BR "^ * $" .
445: .IP 2.
446: A
447: .B .
448: matches any character.
449: .IP 3.
450: A
451: .B \e
452: followed by any character except a
453: .I digit
454: or
455: .B "( )"
456: matches that character.
457: .IP 4.
458: A nonempty string
459: .I s
460: bracketed
461: .B [\c
462: .I s\c
463: .B ]
464: (or
465: .B [^\c
466: .I s\c
467: .BR ] )
468: matches any character in (or not in)
469: .IR s .
470: In
471: .IR s ,
472: .B \e
473: has no special meaning, and
474: .B ]
475: may only appear as
476: the first letter.
477: A substring
478: .I a\c
479: \(mi\c
480: .IR b ,
481: with
482: .I a
483: and
484: .I b
485: in ascending ASCII order, stands for the inclusive
486: range of ASCII characters.
487: .IP 5.
488: A regular expression of form 1-4 followed by
489: .B *
490: matches a sequence of
491: .I zero
492: or more matches of the regular expression.
493: .IP 6.
494: A regular expression,
495: .IR x ,
496: of form 1-8, bracketed
497: .B \e(\c
498: .I x\c
499: .B \e)
500: matches what
501: .I x
502: matches, with side-effects described under the
503: .B s
504: command below.
505: .IP 7.
506: A
507: .B \e
508: followed by a digit
509: .I n
510: matches a copy of the string that the
511: bracketed regular expression beginning with the
512: .IR n th
513: .B \e(
514: matched.
515: .IP 8.
516: A regular expression of form 1-8,
517: .IR x ,
518: followed by a regular expression of form 1-7,
519: .I y
520: matches a match for
521: .I x
522: followed by a match for
523: .IR y ,
524: with the
525: .I x
526: match being as long as possible while still permitting a
527: .I y
528: match.
529: .IP 9.
530: A regular expression of form 1-8 preceded by
531: .B ^
532: (or followed by
533: .BR $ ),
534: is constrained to matches that
535: begin at the left (or end at the right) end of a line.
536: .IP 10.
537: A regular expression of form 1-9 picks out the
538: longest among the leftmost matches in a line.
539: .IP 11.
540: An empty regular expression stands for a copy of the
541: last regular expression encountered.
542: .PP
543: Regular expressions are used in addresses to specify
544: lines and in one command
545: (see
546: .B s
547: below)
548: to specify a portion of a line which is to be replaced.
549: If it is desired to use one of
550: the regular expression metacharacters as an ordinary
551: character, that character may be preceded by
552: .BR \e .
553: This also applies to the character bounding the regular
554: expression
555: (often
556: .BR / )
557: and to
558: .B \e
559: itself.
560: .PP
561: To understand addressing in
562: .I \*(ed
563: it is necessary to know that at any time there is a
564: .IR "current line" .
565: Generally speaking, the current line is
566: the last line affected by a command; however,
567: the exact effect on the current line
568: is discussed under the description of the command.
569: Addresses are constructed as follows.
570: .IP 1.
571: The character
572: .B .
573: addresses the current line.
574: .IP 2.
575: The character
576: .B $
577: addresses the last line of the buffer.
578: .IP 3.
579: A decimal number
580: .I n
581: addresses the
582: .IR n -th
583: line of the buffer.
584: .IP 4.
585: .BI \(aa x
586: addresses the line (or lines) marked with the
587: mark name character
588: .IR x ,
589: which must be a lower-case letter.
590: An alternative to this syntax is the capital
591: letter alone.
592: Lines are marked with the
593: .B k
594: command described below.
595: .IP 5.
596: .B \(aa\c
597: .IB x ^
598: (or
599: .IB X ^\c
600: ) addresses the first (lower)
601: line of the range marked
602: with the mark name character
603: .IR x .
604: (See the
605: .I k
606: command description.)
607: .IP 6.
608: .B \(aa\c
609: .IB x $
610: (or
611: .IB X $\c
612: ) addresses the last (upper)
613: line of the range marked
614: with the mark name character
615: .IR x .
616: (See the
617: .B k
618: command description.)
619: .IP 7.
620: A regular expression enclosed in slashes
621: .B /
622: addresses
623: the first line found by searching toward the end of the
624: buffer and stopping at the first line containing a
625: string matching the regular expression.
626: If necessary the search wraps around to the beginning of the buffer.
627: .IP 8.
628: A regular expression enclosed in queries
629: .B ?
630: addresses
631: the first line found by searching toward the beginning of
632: the buffer and stopping at the first line containing
633: a string matching the regular expression.
634: If necessary the search wraps around to the end of the buffer.
635: .IP 9.
636: An address followed by a plus sign
637: .B +
638: or a minus sign
639: .B \(mi
640: followed by a decimal number
641: specifies that address plus
642: (resp. minus)
643: the indicated number of lines.
644: The plus sign may be omitted.
645: .IP 10.
646: If an address begins with
647: .B +
648: or
649: .B \(mi
650: the addition or subtraction is taken with respect to the current line;
651: e\.g\.
652: .B \(mi5
653: is understood to mean
654: .BR .\(mi5 .
655: (If the first address is omitted, but a second
656: bound is specified, then the first address will be the current line
657: plus one.
658: e.g. \*(oq\c
659: .B ,+10\c
660: \&\*(cq is equivalent to \*(oq\c
661: .B .+1,.+10\c
662: \&\*(cq.)
663: .IP 11.
664: If an address ends with
665: .B +
666: or
667: .BR \(mi ,
668: then 1 is added (resp. subtracted).
669: As a consequence of this rule and rule 10,
670: the address
671: .B \(mi
672: refers to the line before the current line.
673: Moreover, trailing
674: .B +
675: and
676: .B \(mi
677: characters have cumulative effect, so
678: .B \(mi\(mi
679: refers to the current
680: line less 2.
681: (There are complications of this rule,
682: see the
683: .B b
684: command below.)
685: .IP 12.
686: To maintain compatibility with earlier versions of the editor,
687: the character
688: .B ^
689: in addresses is entirely equivalent to
690: .BR \(mi .
691: .IP 13.
692: The character
693: .B =
694: specifies that the address bounds of the
695: previous command are to be used for the current command.
696: .IP 14.
697: The character pair
698: .B =^
699: addresses the lower bound
700: (first address) specified in the previous command.
701: .IP 15.
702: The character pair
703: .B =$
704: addresses the upper bound
705: (second address) specified in the previous command.
706: .IP 16.
707: The character pair
708: .B ..
709: addresses the
710: last value of
711: .B .
712: different from the current value of
713: .BR . \\|.
714: .PP
715: Commands may require zero, one, or two addresses.
716: Commands which require no addresses regard the presence
717: of an address as an error.
718: Commands which accept one or two addresses
719: assume default addresses when insufficient are given.
720: If more addresses are given than such a command requires,
721: the last one or two (depending on what is accepted) are used.
722: .PP
723: Addresses are separated from each other typically by a comma
724: .BR , \\|.
725: They may also be separated by a semicolon
726: .BR ; \\|.
727: In this case the current line
728: .B .
729: is set to
730: the first address before the next address is interpreted.
731: The second address of any two-address sequence
732: must correspond to a line following
733: the line corresponding to the first address.
734: .PP
735: In the following list of
736: .I \*(ed
737: commands, the default addresses are shown in parentheses.
738: The parentheses are not part of the address,
739: but are used to show that the given addresses are the default.
740: .PP
741: As mentioned, it is generally illegal for more than one
742: command to appear on a line. However, most commands may be suffixed by
743: .BR p ,
744: .BR b ,
745: .B q
746: or
747: .BR l ,
748: in which case the current line is either
749: printed (as in the
750: .B p
751: command), listed with balanced pairs of parentheses, square brackets,
752: and brace brackets numbered (\c
753: .BR b ),
754: quoted (by
755: .B
756: "
757: or
758: .BR \(aa )
759: string lengths (\c
760: .BR q ),
761: or listed as in the
762: .B l
763: command.
764: .de PI
765: .br
766: .ne 5
767: .IP
768: .ti -.5i
769: ..
770: .PI
771: (
772: .B .
773: )\c
774: .B a
775: .ti -.5i
776: .I text
777: .ti -.5i
778: .B .
779: .br
780: The
781: .I append
782: command reads the given text
783: and appends it after the addressed line.
784: .B .
785: is left on the last line input, if there
786: were any, otherwise at the addressed line.
787: Address \*(oq\c
788: .B \*0\c
789: \&\*(cq is legal for this command;
790: text is placed at the beginning of the buffer.
791: .PI
792: (
793: .B .
794: )\c
795: .B a
796: .I text
797: .br
798: If a space immediately follows the
799: .I append
800: command,
801: then the
802: .I text
803: immediately following the space is appended after
804: the addressed line.
805: .B .
806: is left at the newly created line.
807: This is essentially a quick method for entering one line.
808: .PI
809: (
810: .B .
811: ,
812: .B .
813: )\c
814: .BI a/ text\c
815: .B /
816: .br
817: Append the text after the last character in the addressed lines.
818: .PI
819: .BI b nn
820: .br
821: The
822: .I browse
823: count is set to
824: .I nn
825: (decimal).
826: This count is then used for subsequent
827: .I "new-line"
828: commands as the number of lines to be printed out.
829: If
830: .I nn
831: is missing, the count is reset to 1.
832: .sp 1
833: In constructing addresses as described in rule 11 above,
834: the browse count is added to or subtracted from
835: the current address,
836: instead of a constant of 1 for each
837: .B +
838: or
839: .BR \(mi .
840: Normally this has no effect since the default is 1.
841: .PI
842: (
843: .B .
844: ,
845: .B .
846: )\c
847: .B c
848: .ti -.5i
849: .I text
850: .ti -.5i
851: .B .
852: .br
853: The
854: .I change
855: command deletes the addressed lines, then accepts input
856: text which replaces these lines.
857: .B .
858: is left at the last line input; if there were none,
859: it is left at the first line not deleted.
860: .PI
861: (
862: .B .
863: ,
864: .B .
865: )\c
866: .BI c/ "regular expression\c"
867: .BI / replacement\c
868: .B /
869: .ti -.5i
870: (
871: .B .
872: ,
873: .B .
874: )\c
875: .BI c/ "regular expression\c"
876: .BI / replacement\c
877: .BI / nn
878: .ti -.5i
879: (
880: .B .
881: ,
882: .B .
883: )\c
884: .BI c/ "regular expression\c"
885: .BI / replacement\c
886: .B /g
887: .br
888: This form of the change command is identical to the
889: .B s
890: command below.
891: .PI
892: (
893: .B .
894: ,
895: .B .
896: )\c
897: .BI co a
898: .br
899: The
900: .B co
901: (copy) command is identical to the
902: .B t
903: (transfer)
904: command below.
905: .PI
906: (
907: .B .
908: ,
909: .B .
910: )\c
911: .B d
912: .br
913: The
914: .I delete
915: command deletes the addressed lines from the buffer.
916: The line originally after the last line
917: deleted becomes the current line;
918: if the lines deleted were originally at the end,
919: the new last line becomes the current line.
920: .PI
921: .B d
922: .I pathname
923: .br
924: The current directory is set to
925: .I pathname
926: by a call to
927: .IR chdir (2).
928: .PI
929: .BI d= nn
930: .br
931: Sets
932: .IR \*(ed 's
933: idea of what the
934: .I depth
935: of the screen is, to
936: .I nn
937: (decimal)
938: lines.
939: This is used in calculating how many lines will
940: fit on the screen with the
941: .B :
942: command, and may be preset with the
943: .B \(mic
944: flag
945: (see above).
946: .PI
947: .B e
948: .I filename
949: .ti -.5i
950: .B ei
951: .I filename
952: .br
953: The
954: .I edit
955: command causes the entire contents of the buffer to be deleted,
956: and then the named file to be read in.
957: If no
958: .I filename
959: is given, the
960: .I current
961: file is used.
962: .B .
963: is set to the last line of the buffer.
964: The number of lines read is printed.
965: .I filename
966: (if present) is remembered for
967: possible use as a default file name in a subsequent
968: .BR e ,
969: .BR r ,
970: or
971: .B w
972: command.
973: If the
974: .B i
975: is present,
976: .I \*(ed
977: will read
978: .I filename
979: immediately
980: (without double-checking first).
981: .PI
982: .BI e= c
983: .br
984: The
985: .I end-of-line
986: character is set to
987: .IR c .
988: Thereafter,
989: any occurrences of
990: .I c
991: are treated as if they were an actual newline character.
992: This facilitates entering several commands on the same
993: physical line.
994: .BR Caution :
995: the
996: .I eol
997: character is also interpreted in
998: .I insert
999: mode.
1000: .PI
1001: .BI e nn
1002: .br
1003: Displays the
1004: .I long
1005: error message for error number
1006: .IR nn .
1007: .PI
1008: .B e+
1009: .ti -.5i
1010: .B e\(mi
1011: .br
1012: If a
1013: .B \(mi
1014: follows,
1015: issue error messages in the form
1016: .BI ? nn
1017: where
1018: .I nn
1019: is the error number of the error that occurred.
1020: This is mostly useful for slow terminals.
1021: A
1022: .B +
1023: returns to long error messages.
1024: (See the
1025: .B \(mik
1026: flag,
1027: and the
1028: .BI e nn
1029: command above.)
1030: .PI
1031: (
1032: .B .
1033: ,
1034: .B .
1035: )\c
1036: .B exp
1037: .br
1038: Providing that a
1039: .I "tab character"
1040: has been set
1041: (see the
1042: .BI t= c
1043: command and the
1044: .B \(mit
1045: flag)
1046: as well as
1047: .I "tab stops"
1048: being set
1049: (see the
1050: .BI t, nn
1051: command),
1052: any instances of the
1053: .I "tab character"
1054: within the addressed lines which are to the left
1055: of a column which is marked as a
1056: .IR "tab stop" ,
1057: will be expanded with an appropriate
1058: number of
1059: .IR "fill characters" .
1060: (See the
1061: .BI f= c
1062: command).
1063: .PI
1064: .B f
1065: .I filename
1066: .br
1067: The
1068: .I filename
1069: command prints the currently remembered file name.
1070: If
1071: .I filename
1072: is given,
1073: the currently remembered file name is changed to
1074: .IB filename .
1075: .PI
1076: .BI f= c
1077: .br
1078: Set the
1079: .I fill
1080: character to
1081: .IR c .
1082: This is the character used to fill out a line where
1083: .I tab
1084: characters have been expanded.
1085: If
1086: .I c
1087: is missing,
1088: the
1089: .I fill
1090: character is reset to the default,
1091: which uses as many tabs as possible,
1092: followed by as many blanks as necessary to reach
1093: the desired column, resulting in the fewest possible
1094: characters to get to the desired position.
1095: .PI
1096: (
1097: .B 1
1098: ,
1099: .B $
1100: )\c
1101: .BI g/ "regular expression\c"
1102: .BI / command-list
1103: .ti -.5i
1104: (
1105: .B 1
1106: ,
1107: .B $
1108: )\c
1109: .BI g/ "regular expression\c"
1110: .BI /v command-list
1111: .br
1112: In the
1113: .I global
1114: command, the first step is to mark every line which matches
1115: the given
1116: .IR "regular expression" .
1117: If the optional
1118: .B v
1119: is present after the regular expression,
1120: each line potentially matching the regular expression will
1121: be printed, followed by the message \*(oq\c
1122: .B "Ok?\\ \c"
1123: \&\*(cq.
1124: If the response begins with
1125: .IR n ,
1126: the line will not
1127: be marked, any other response will cause the line to
1128: be marked.
1129: Then for every marked line, the
1130: given command list is executed with
1131: .B .
1132: initially set to that line.
1133: A single command or the first of multiple commands
1134: appears on the same line with the global command.
1135: All lines of a multi-line list except the last line
1136: must be ended with
1137: .B \e\c
1138: \&.
1139: The
1140: .BR a ,
1141: .BR i ,
1142: and
1143: .B c
1144: commands and associated input are permitted;
1145: the
1146: .B .
1147: terminating input mode may be omitted if it would be on the
1148: last line of the command list.
1149: The (global) commands,
1150: .BR g ,
1151: and
1152: .BR v ,
1153: are not permitted in the command list.
1154: If an
1155: .I end-of-file
1156: (Ctrl-D)
1157: is typed in response to the prompt,
1158: no further lines will be scanned or marked,
1159: and all lines marked so far (if any) will have
1160: .I command-list
1161: applied to them.
1162: .PI
1163: .B h
1164: .ti -.5i
1165: .BI h nn
1166: .br
1167: Column numbers to column
1168: .I nn
1169: (default 71)
1170: are printed out.
1171: Any columns which have
1172: .I tab
1173: stops set will print out with
1174: .B \(mi
1175: character in the appropriate position.
1176: .PI
1177: .BR he [lp]
1178: .br
1179: List syntax of all
1180: .I \*(ed
1181: commands available.
1182: (Merely displays the contents of the file
1183: .B /etc/\*(ed.doc\c
1184: \&.)
1185: .PI
1186: (
1187: .B .
1188: )\c
1189: .B i
1190: .ti -.5i
1191: .I text
1192: .ti -.5i
1193: .B .
1194: .br
1195: This command inserts the given text before the addressed line.
1196: .B .
1197: is left at the last line input;
1198: if there were none,
1199: at the addressed line.
1200: This command differs from the
1201: .B a
1202: command only in the placement of the text.
1203: .PI
1204: (
1205: .B .
1206: )\c
1207: .B i
1208: .I text
1209: .br
1210: This form of the
1211: .I insert
1212: command inserts one line before the addressed line,
1213: consisting of the
1214: .I text
1215: following the space.
1216: (See the
1217: .B a
1218: command.)
1219: .PI
1220: (
1221: .B .
1222: ,
1223: .B .
1224: )\c
1225: .BI i/ text\c
1226: .B /
1227: .br
1228: Insert the text before the first character in the addressed lines.
1229: .PI
1230: (
1231: .B .\(mi1
1232: ,
1233: .B .
1234: )\c
1235: .B j
1236: .ti -.5i
1237: (
1238: .B .\(mi1
1239: ,
1240: .B .
1241: )\c
1242: .BI j/ text\c
1243: .B /
1244: .br
1245: Join the addressed lines together to form one resulting line.
1246: This effectively removes the new-line from the
1247: ends of all but the last line.
1248: (Useful for rejoining lines that
1249: were split incorrectly by the
1250: .I s
1251: command.)
1252: .sp 1
1253: If a delimiter
1254: (and perhaps some
1255: .IR text )
1256: is present,
1257: then the
1258: .I text
1259: will be inserted between the text of the joined lines.
1260: .PI
1261: .B k
1262: .ti -.5i
1263: (
1264: .B .
1265: ,
1266: .B .
1267: )\c
1268: .BI k x
1269: .br
1270: The mark command marks the addressed line(s) with name
1271: .IR x ,
1272: which must be a letter.
1273: Either of the address forms
1274: .BI \(aa x
1275: or
1276: .I X
1277: (capital letter)
1278: then address this/these line(s).
1279: If no character is specified after the command,
1280: all currently marked lines are listed.
1281: .PI
1282: (
1283: .B .
1284: ,
1285: .B .
1286: )\c
1287: .B l
1288: .br
1289: The
1290: .I list
1291: command prints the addressed lines in an unambiguous way:
1292: non-graphic characters are printed as
1293: .IR ^X ,
1294: and long lines are folded.
1295: .I Tab
1296: characters show as
1297: \o'->'
1298: and
1299: .I backspace
1300: characters are displayed as
1301: \o'-<'.
1302: An
1303: .B l
1304: command may follow most others on the same line.
1305: .PI
1306: (
1307: .B .+1
1308: ,
1309: .BI .+ nn
1310: )\c
1311: .B la
1312: .br
1313: One
1314: .I page
1315: of text is listed as in the
1316: .B l
1317: command above.
1318: The text is guaranteed not to scroll off the screen.
1319: .PI
1320: (
1321: .B 1
1322: ,
1323: .B $
1324: )\c
1325: .B ll
1326: .br
1327: The entire contents of the edit buffer are listed as if \*(oq\c
1328: .B 1,$l\c
1329: \&\*(cq had been typed.
1330: .PI
1331: .B m
1332: .br
1333: The characters
1334: .B ^
1335: .B $
1336: .B .
1337: .B *
1338: .B [
1339: .B &
1340: .B \e(
1341: .B \e)
1342: and
1343: .B \e
1344: lose or regain their
1345: special meaning in patterns as well as in the substitute command.
1346: Each invocation of
1347: .B m
1348: toggles the \*(oq\c
1349: .I magic\c
1350: \&\*(cq characters on/off.
1351: .PI
1352: (
1353: .B .
1354: ,
1355: .B .
1356: )\c
1357: .BI m a
1358: .ti -.5i
1359: (
1360: .B .
1361: ,
1362: .B .
1363: )\c
1364: .BI mo a
1365: .br
1366: The
1367: .I move
1368: command repositions the addressed
1369: lines after the line addressed by
1370: .IR a .
1371: The last of the moved lines becomes the current line.
1372: .PI
1373: .B n
1374: .br
1375: Line numbering is toggled on or off.
1376: .PI
1377: .B n+
1378: .ti -.5i
1379: .B n\(mi
1380: .br
1381: Line numbering for the
1382: .B |
1383: (and other variants)
1384: command is turned on for a
1385: .BR + ,
1386: off for a
1387: .BR \(mi .
1388: .PI
1389: (
1390: .B .
1391: ,
1392: .B .
1393: )\c
1394: .B p
1395: .br
1396: The
1397: .I print
1398: command prints the addressed lines.
1399: .B .
1400: is left at the last line printed.
1401: The
1402: .B p
1403: command may be placed on the same line after most commands.
1404: .PI
1405: (
1406: .B .+1
1407: ,
1408: .BI .+ nn
1409: )\c
1410: .B pa
1411: .br
1412: One
1413: .I page
1414: of text is printed out.
1415: The text is guaranteed not to scroll off the screen.
1416: (See the
1417: .B :
1418: command below.)
1419: .PI
1420: (
1421: .B 1
1422: ,
1423: .B $
1424: )\c
1425: .B pp
1426: .br
1427: The entire contents of the edit buffer are listed as if \*(oq\c
1428: .B 1,$p\c
1429: \&\*(cq had been typed.
1430: .PI
1431: .B q
1432: .ti -.5i
1433: .B qi
1434: .br
1435: The
1436: .I quit
1437: command causes
1438: .I \*(ed
1439: to exit.
1440: No automatic write of a file is done.
1441: If the edit file has been modified and the entire contents
1442: of the buffer have not been written to a file,
1443: a query will be issued to insure that the user
1444: has not forgotten to write his file.
1445: If the
1446: .B i
1447: is present, the editor will quit immediately
1448: (without double-checking first).
1449: Moreover,
1450: if the
1451: .B \(mif
1452: flag was selected,
1453: the file will
1454: .I not
1455: be (over)written.
1456: .PI
1457: (
1458: .B $
1459: )\c
1460: .B r
1461: .I filename
1462: .br
1463: The
1464: .I read
1465: command reads in the given file after the addressed line.
1466: If no file name is given,
1467: the remembered file name, if any, is used (see
1468: .I e
1469: and
1470: .I f
1471: commands).
1472: The remembered file name is not changed unless
1473: .I filename
1474: is the very first file name mentioned.
1475: Address \*(oq\c
1476: .B \*0\c
1477: \&\*(cq is legal for
1478: .I r
1479: and causes the file to be read at the beginning of the buffer.
1480: If the read is successful, the number of lines read is typed.
1481: .B .
1482: is left at the last line read from the file.
1483: .PI
1484: .B s
1485: .br
1486: The
1487: .I stop
1488: command without any parameters performs an automatic write
1489: (\c
1490: .BR w )
1491: if the file has been modified and then exits the editor.
1492: .PI
1493: (
1494: .B .
1495: ,
1496: .B .
1497: )\c
1498: .BI s/ "regular expression\c"
1499: .BI / replacement\c
1500: .B /
1501: .ti -.5i
1502: (
1503: .B .
1504: ,
1505: .B .
1506: )\c
1507: .BI s/ "regular expression\c"
1508: .BI / replacement\c
1509: .BI / nn
1510: .ti -.5i
1511: (
1512: .B .
1513: ,
1514: .B .
1515: )\c
1516: .BI s/ "regular expression\c"
1517: .BI / replacement\c
1518: .B /g
1519: .br
1520: The
1521: .I substitute
1522: command searches each addressed
1523: line for an occurrence of the specified regular expression.
1524: On each line in which a match is found,
1525: one of the folowing actions are taken for each of the three
1526: forms of the command:
1527: .IP 1. +.5i
1528: The first occurrence of the specified expression
1529: is replaced by the replacement text.
1530: .IP 2. +0i
1531: The
1532: .IR nn -th
1533: (where
1534: .I nn
1535: is a decimal number)
1536: occurrence of the specified expression
1537: is replaced by the replacement text.
1538: .IP 3. +0i
1539: All occurrences of the specified expression
1540: are replaced.
1541: .in -.5i
1542: .sp 1
1543: It is an error for the substitution to fail on all addressed lines.
1544: Any character other than
1545: .I newline
1546: may be used instead of
1547: .B /
1548: to delimit the regular expression
1549: and the replacement.
1550: .B .
1551: is left at the last line substituted.
1552: .sp 1
1553: An ampersand
1554: .B &
1555: appearing in the replacement
1556: is replaced by the string matching the regular expression.
1557: As a more general feature, the characters
1558: .B \e\c
1559: .I n\c
1560: ,
1561: where
1562: .I n
1563: is a digit,
1564: are replaced by the text matched by the
1565: .IR n -th
1566: regular subexpression enclosed between
1567: .B \e(
1568: and
1569: .B \e)\c
1570: \&.
1571: When nested, parenthesized subexpressions are present,
1572: .I n
1573: is determined by counting occurrences of
1574: .B \e(
1575: starting from the left.
1576: .sp 1
1577: Lines may be split by substituting
1578: .I newline
1579: characters into them.
1580: The newline in the
1581: .I replacement
1582: must be escaped by preceding it with a
1583: .B \e\c
1584: \&.
1585: .TP -.5i
1586: .ti -.5i
1587: .BI sa nn
1588: .br
1589: The
1590: .I save-count
1591: command changes the default
1592: (\n(sa) count of text-changing
1593: commands which may be executed before
1594: an automatic buffer save will be done.
1595: (\c
1596: .I nn
1597: is a decimal number.)
1598: The save file name is the current filename with a
1599: .BI . \*(ex
1600: extension.
1601: A count of zero (\*0) will disable the auto-save feature.
1602: .PI
1603: .B t
1604: .br
1605: All tab stops currently in effect, as set by the
1606: .BI t, nn
1607: command,
1608: are listed.
1609: .PI
1610: (
1611: .B .
1612: ,
1613: .B .
1614: )\c
1615: .BI t a
1616: .br
1617: A copy of the addressed lines is
1618: .I transferred
1619: after address
1620: .I a
1621: (which may be \*0).
1622: .B .
1623: is left at the last line of the copy.
1624: .PI
1625: .BI t= c
1626: .br
1627: Set
1628: .I tab
1629: character to
1630: .IR c .
1631: All occurrences of this character entered by the
1632: .B a
1633: or
1634: .B i
1635: commands will be expanded to the appropriate number of
1636: .I fill
1637: characters to get to the next column with a
1638: .IR "tab stop" .
1639: Any occurrences of the
1640: .I tab
1641: character after the last tab column will be untouched.
1642: .PI
1643: .BI t, nn\c
1644: .RI , nn\c
1645: ,...
1646: .br
1647: Set
1648: .I "tab stops"
1649: in specified (decimal) columns.
1650: Numbers preceded by a
1651: .B \(mi
1652: will clear the tab
1653: setting at that position.
1654: The number zero clears
1655: .I all
1656: tab settings.
1657: .PI
1658: .B u
1659: .br
1660: The
1661: .I undo
1662: command will restore the last modified line
1663: to its original condition.
1664: This is different from the
1665: .B x
1666: (\c
1667: .IR undelete )
1668: command, which recovers blocks of
1669: .I deleted
1670: lines, whereas
1671: .B u
1672: will restore only
1673: .I one
1674: line, when modified by a
1675: .I substitution
1676: or
1677: .I tab
1678: expansion.
1679: .I Undo
1680: will
1681: .I not
1682: recover from a
1683: .I join
1684: command, nor
1685: from any deletion, which is processed by the
1686: .I undelete
1687: command.
1688: .PI
1689: (
1690: .B 1
1691: ,
1692: .B $
1693: )\c
1694: .BI v/ "regular expression\c"
1695: .BI / command-list
1696: .ti -.5i
1697: (
1698: .B 1
1699: ,
1700: .B $
1701: )\c
1702: .BI v/ "regular expression\c"
1703: .BI /v command-list
1704: .br
1705: This command is the same as the
1706: .I global
1707: command except that the command list is executed
1708: with
1709: .B .
1710: initially set to every line
1711: .B except
1712: those matching the regular expression.
1713: .PI
1714: (
1715: .B 1
1716: ,
1717: .B $
1718: )\c
1719: .B w
1720: .I filename
1721: .ti -.5i
1722: (
1723: .B 1
1724: ,
1725: .B $
1726: )\c
1727: .BI w> filename
1728: .ti -.5i
1729: (
1730: .B 1
1731: ,
1732: .B $
1733: )\c
1734: .B wi
1735: .I filename
1736: .br
1737: The
1738: .I write
1739: command writes the addressed lines onto
1740: the given file.
1741: If the file does not exist,
1742: it is created
1743: (see
1744: .IR umask (2)).
1745: The remembered file name is not changed unless
1746: .I filename
1747: is the very first file name mentioned.
1748: If no file name is given,
1749: the remembered file name, if any, is used
1750: (see
1751: .B e
1752: and
1753: .B f
1754: commands).
1755: .B .
1756: is unchanged.
1757: If the
1758: .B >
1759: is present, the addressed lines
1760: will be appended onto the end of the file.
1761: If the
1762: .B wi
1763: form is used,
1764: and the file is write-locked,
1765: then
1766: .I \*(ed
1767: will attempt to over-ride the file permission, if possible.
1768: .PI
1769: .BI w= nn
1770: .br
1771: Sets
1772: .IR \*(ed 's
1773: idea of how wide the screen is to
1774: .I nn
1775: columns.
1776: This is used in calculating how many lines will
1777: fit on the screen with a
1778: .B :
1779: command, and may be preset with the
1780: .B \(miw
1781: flag
1782: (see above).
1783: .PI
1784: (
1785: .B .
1786: )\c
1787: .B x
1788: .br
1789: .I Undelete
1790: is used to recover the most recently deleted
1791: (or replaced)
1792: block of lines.
1793: .B .
1794: is left at the last recovered line.
1795: .IP
1796: .nf
1797: Example:
1798: 25,34d delete the lines
1799: * see the damage
1800: 24x recovers the lost lines
1801: .fi
1802: .PI
1803: (
1804: .B .
1805: )\c
1806: .B y+
1807: .ti -.5i
1808: .B y
1809: .ti -.5i
1810: .B y\(mi
1811: .br
1812: This command changes the processing of an interrupt
1813: received from the terminal.
1814: If the
1815: .B \(mi
1816: is present, normal processing takes place.
1817: That is, the message
1818: \*(oqINTERRUPT!\*(cq
1819: will be displayed on the terminal and
1820: .I \*(ed
1821: will prompt for another command.
1822: If the
1823: .B +
1824: is present, the addressed line is set as
1825: the initial address for the
1826: .B :
1827: command, which will automatically be
1828: invoked upon each interrupt.
1829: Lastly, if no character follows,
1830: then upon each interrupt, one
1831: .I page
1832: will be displayed from
1833: .B .
1834: onward, which is useful for paging through
1835: sections of text.
1836: .PI
1837: .B @
1838: .I filename
1839: .ti -.5i
1840: .B @p
1841: .I filename
1842: .br
1843: .I \*(Ed
1844: opens the specified file,
1845: and reads command lines from it.
1846: The commands are echoed to the terminal
1847: (if the
1848: .B p
1849: is present)
1850: as each character is processed.
1851: This allows monitoring the command file as
1852: it is running, so that erroneous command line(s)
1853: will appear before their respective
1854: error messages.
1855: If no filename is given,
1856: the last
1857: .IR indirect ed
1858: filename,
1859: if any,
1860: will be used.
1861: .PI
1862: .BI ! UNIX-command
1863: .br
1864: The remainder of the line after the
1865: .B !
1866: is sent to the
1867: .I shell
1868: (see
1869: .BR SH (1))
1870: to be interpreted as a
1871: .I UNIX
1872: command.
1873: .B .
1874: is unchanged.
1875: .PI
1876: (
1877: .B .
1878: )\c
1879: .BI | UNIX-command
1880: .br
1881: The addressed lines are
1882: .I piped
1883: as the standard input
1884: to the command(s) following the
1885: .B |
1886: symbol.
1887: The
1888: .I UNIX
1889: command is passed to the
1890: .I shell
1891: (as in
1892: .B !
1893: above)
1894: to be processed.
1895: Line numbers will not precede the lines of text sent to
1896: the command(s) unless explicitly enabled via the
1897: .B n+
1898: command (see above).
1899: .PI
1900: .B |+
1901: .ti -.5i
1902: .B |\(mi
1903: .br
1904: Turn on (or off, respectively) strict checking of the exit status of
1905: .I UNIX
1906: commands executed via the
1907: .B |\\||
1908: command.
1909: If checking is enabled, no processing will be done on the text
1910: returned by a command which has a non-zero exit status
1911: (thereby implying an error occurred).
1912: This reduces the chance of erroneous command processing
1913: causing loss of lines.
1914: Lines deleted by the
1915: .B |\\||
1916: command may be recovered with
1917: .B x
1918: (undelete).
1919: .PI
1920: (
1921: .B .
1922: )\c
1923: .BI |\\|| UNIX-command
1924: .br
1925: This variant of the
1926: .I pipe
1927: command
1928: (commonly referred to as the \*(oq\c
1929: .I double-pipe\c
1930: \&\*(cq command)
1931: performs similarly to the
1932: .B |
1933: command above, but replaces the lines sent to the command(s)
1934: with those received from the command(s) on the standard output
1935: of the command(s).
1936: If the error status from the command(s) is not that of a
1937: .IR "normal exit" ,
1938: no change will be made in the text.
1939: Similarly,
1940: (by default)
1941: if the exit status of the command(s) is non-zero
1942: (possibly indicating an error)
1943: no changes will be made.
1944: This is due to the existence of many older programs which
1945: do not terminate with a meaningful exit status.
1946: The strict exit status checking may be disabled via the
1947: .B |\(mi
1948: command below.
1949: An optional
1950: .I "line number"
1951: (\c
1952: .B not
1953: address)
1954: may immediately follow the
1955: .B |\\||
1956: which will specify the line after which the returned
1957: lines are to be placed.
1958: .PI
1959: .BI |< UNIX-command
1960: .br
1961: Lines generated by the
1962: .I UNIX
1963: command(s) are inserted after
1964: .BR . .
1965: An optional
1966: .I "line number"
1967: (\c
1968: .B not
1969: address)
1970: may immediately follow the
1971: .B <
1972: which will specify the line after which the returned
1973: lines are to be placed.
1974: .PI
1975: (
1976: .B .
1977: )\c
1978: .BI |> UNIX-command
1979: .br
1980: The only difference between this command and the
1981: .B |\\||
1982: command above is this variant
1983: .I inserts
1984: the generated text
1985: .I after
1986: the lines sent, instead of
1987: .I replacing
1988: the original lines.
1989: An optional
1990: .I "line number"
1991: (\c
1992: .B not
1993: address)
1994: may immediately follow the
1995: .B >
1996: which will specify the line after which the returned
1997: lines are to be placed.
1998: .PI
1999: (
2000: .B .+1
2001: ,
2002: .BI .+ nn
2003: )\c
2004: .B :
2005: .ti -.5i
2006: (
2007: .BI .- nn
2008: ,
2009: .B .
2010: )\c
2011: .B :-
2012: .ti -.5i
2013: (
2014: .BI .- nn
2015: ,
2016: .BI .+ nn
2017: )\c
2018: .B *
2019: .br
2020: One
2021: .I page
2022: of text is printed out.
2023: The text is guaranteed not to scroll off the screen.
2024: The first form (just the
2025: .B :
2026: alone) will start at the addressed line,
2027: the line following
2028: .B .
2029: is the default,
2030: and print one screenful, or
2031: .I page
2032: of text.
2033: .B .
2034: is set to the last line displayed.
2035: The second form,
2036: .BR :- ,
2037: displays one screenful, leaving
2038: .B .
2039: as the last line displayed, and remaining as the current line.
2040: The last form,
2041: .BR * ,
2042: displays one screenful, with
2043: .B .
2044: centered in the
2045: .IR page .
2046: .PI
2047: (
2048: .B .+1
2049: ,
2050: .BI .+ nn
2051: )\c
2052: .I (newline)
2053: .br
2054: An address alone on a line causes the addressed line to be printed.
2055: A blank line alone is equivalent to \*(oq\c
2056: .BI .+1,.+ nn\c
2057: .B p\c
2058: \&\*(cq;
2059: it is useful for stepping through text.
2060: The
2061: .I nn
2062: is the count specified with the
2063: .B b
2064: command
2065: (default 1).
2066: .PP
2067: If an interrupt signal (ASCII
2068: .BR DEL )
2069: is received,
2070: .I \*(ed
2071: prints
2072: \*(oqINTERRUPT!\*(cq
2073: and returns to its command level.
2074: (See also the
2075: .I y
2076: command for alternate interrupt processing.)
2077: .SH "Some size limitations"
2078: .br
2079: 512 characters per line,
2080: (see the
2081: .B \(miB
2082: flag above)
2083: .br
2084: 256 characters per global command list,
2085: .br
2086: 64 characters per file name,
2087: .br
2088: 128K characters in the temporary file
2089: (PDP-11 version only)
2090: .br
2091: (256K characters with
2092: .B \(mih
2093: flag)
2094: .br
2095: (No limit on the Vax version)
2096: .br
2097: The limit on the number of lines depends on the amount of core:
2098: .ti +.5i
2099: each line takes 1 word.
2100: .br
2101: (The current absolute maximum on the PDP-11's is 24,062 lines.)
2102: .SH FILES
2103: .TP
2104: /tmp/e?????
2105: temporary; ????? is process number (in decimal).
2106: .TP
2107: /tmp/ep?????
2108: temporary for
2109: .B |\\||
2110: stuff.
2111: .TP
2112: *.hup
2113: if
2114: .I hangup
2115: signal is received.
2116: .TP
2117: *.bak
2118: if
2119: .B \(mib
2120: flag is specified.
2121: .TP
2122: *.int
2123: if
2124: .B \(mii
2125: flag is specified and an
2126: .I interrupt
2127: is received.
2128: .TP
2129: *.\*(ex
2130: auto-save (every \n(sa commands).
2131: .TP
2132: *.trm
2133: if
2134: .I termination
2135: signal is received.
2136: .TP
2137: /etc/\*(ed.doc
2138: for the
2139: .BR he lp
2140: command.
2141: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
2142: Each command has self-explanatory
2143: error messages.
2144: .SH "SEE ALSO"
2145: ed(1), edit(1), eed(1), ex(1), umask(2), vi(1)
2146: .br
2147: A Tutorial Introduction to the
2148: .B ED
2149: Text Editor \(mi B. W. Kernighan
2150: .SH BUGS
2151: A
2152: .B \e
2153: followed by a
2154: .IR newline ,
2155: useful for splitting lines
2156: with the substitute command, may not be passed through
2157: the global command.
2158:
2159: If line(s) are deleted which include the endpoints of
2160: a range marked with the
2161: .B k
2162: command,
2163: that mark-name character will
2164: not work correctly.
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