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Annotation of 43BSD/contrib/icon/docs/icont.1, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .ds M \fB
        !             2: .if t .if !\nd .ds M \fM
        !             3: .TH ICONT 1 "The University of Arizona \- 8/20/84"
        !             4: .SH NAME
        !             5: icont \- translate Icon programs for interpretive execution
        !             6: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             7: \f3icont\fR
        !             8: [ option ... ] file ... [
        !             9: \f3\-x\fR
        !            10: arg ... ]
        !            11: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            12: .I Icont
        !            13: is a translator for Version 5.9 of the Icon programming language,
        !            14: which produces a file suitable for interpretation by the Icon
        !            15: interpreter.
        !            16: Translation consists of two phases:
        !            17: .I translation
        !            18: and
        !            19: .IR linking .
        !            20: During translation,
        !            21: each Icon source file is translated into an intermediate language;
        !            22: during linking,
        !            23: the intermediate language files are combined and a single
        !            24: output file is produced.
        !            25: The output file from the linker is referred to as an \fIinterpretable\fR file.
        !            26: Unless the
        !            27: \f3\-o\fR
        !            28: option is specified, the name of the resulting interpretable file is
        !            29: formed by deleting the suffix of the first input file named on the
        !            30: command line.
        !            31: If the
        !            32: \f3\-x\fR
        !            33: argument is used,
        !            34: the file is automatically executed by the interpreter
        !            35: and any arguments following the
        !            36: \f3\-x\fR
        !            37: are passed as execution arguments to the Icon program itself.
        !            38: .PP
        !            39: Files whose names end in \*M.icn\fR are assumed to be Icon source programs;
        !            40: they are translated, and the intermediate code is left in two files of
        !            41: the same name with \*M.u1\fR and \*M.u2\fR substituted for \*M.icn\fR.
        !            42: The intermediate code files normally are deleted when compilation has finished.
        !            43: Files whose names end in \*M.u1\fR or \*M.u2\fR are assumed to be intermediate
        !            44: code files from a previous translation
        !            45: (only one should be named \(em the other is assumed);
        !            46: these files are included in the linking phase after any \*M.icn\fR
        !            47: files have been translated.
        !            48: A \*M.u1\fR or \*M.u2\fR file that is explicitly named is not deleted.
        !            49: Icon source programs may be read from standard input.
        !            50: The argument
        !            51: \f3\-\fR
        !            52: signifies the use of standard input as a source file.
        !            53: In this case, the intermediate code is placed in \*Mstdin.u1\fR and \*Mstdin.u2\fR
        !            54: and the interpretable file is \*Mstdin\fR.
        !            55: .PP
        !            56: The following options are recognized by
        !            57: .IR icont .
        !            58: .TP 4
        !            59: \f3\-c\fR
        !            60: Suppress the linking phase.
        !            61: The intermediate code files are not deleted.
        !            62: .TP
        !            63: \f3\-m\fR
        !            64: Preprocess each \*M.icn\fR source file
        !            65: with the \fIm4\^(1)\fR
        !            66: macro processor before translation.
        !            67: .TP
        !            68: \f3\-o \fIoutput\fR
        !            69: Name the interpretable file
        !            70: .IR output .
        !            71: .TP
        !            72: \f3\-s\fR
        !            73: Suppress any informative messages from the translator and
        !            74: linker.
        !            75: Normally, both informative messages and error messages are sent
        !            76: to standard error output.
        !            77: .TP
        !            78: \f3\-t\fR
        !            79: Arrange for \*M&trace\fR to have an initial value of \-1
        !            80: when the program is executed.
        !            81: Normally, \*M&trace\fR has an initial value of 0.
        !            82: .TP
        !            83: \f3\-u\fR
        !            84: Issue warning messages for undeclared identifiers in the program.
        !            85: The warnings are issued during the linking phase.
        !            86: .PP
        !            87: Icon has a number of memory regions related to the translation of programs.
        !            88: These regions are large enough for most programs, but their size can be
        !            89: changed, if necessary, by the \f3\-S\fR option, which has the
        !            90: form \f3\-S[cfgilrstCL]\fI n\fR, where the letter following the
        !            91: \f3S\fR specifies the region and \fIn\fR is the number of storage units to
        !            92: allocate for the region. The regions are:
        !            93: .IP \f3c\fR
        !            94: literal table
        !            95: .IP \f3f\fR
        !            96: field table
        !            97: .IP \f3g\fR
        !            98: global symbol table
        !            99: .IP \f3i\fR
        !           100: identifier table
        !           101: .IP \f3l\fR
        !           102: local symbol table
        !           103: .IP \f3r\fR
        !           104: field table for record lists
        !           105: .IP \f3s\fR
        !           106: string space
        !           107: .IP \f3t\fR
        !           108: tree space
        !           109: .IP \f3C\fR
        !           110: code buffer
        !           111: .IP \f3L\fR
        !           112: labels
        !           113: .PP
        !           114: The environment variable \fIIPATH\fR controls the location of files
        !           115: specified in link directives. \fIIPATH\fR should have a value of the
        !           116: form \fIp1:p2: .\^.\^. : pn\fR where the \fIpi\fR name directories.
        !           117: Each directory is searched in turn to locate files named in link
        !           118: directives. The default value for \fIIPATH\fR is \*M.\fR , that is, the current
        !           119: directory.
        !           120: .PP
        !           121: The interpretable
        !           122: file produced by the Icon linker is
        !           123: .I
        !           124: directly executable.
        !           125: \fRFor example, the command
        !           126: .nf
        !           127: .sp 1
        !           128: .in +.5i
        !           129: \*M
        !           130: icont hello.icn
        !           131: .ft R
        !           132: .in -.5i
        !           133: .sp 1
        !           134: .fi
        !           135: produces a file named \*Mhello\fR
        !           136: that can be run by the command
        !           137: .nf
        !           138: .sp 1
        !           139: .in +.5i
        !           140: \*M
        !           141: hello
        !           142: .ft R
        !           143: .in -.5i
        !           144: .sp 1
        !           145: .fi
        !           146: The method used to make interpretable files appear to be directly
        !           147: executable is system dependent.
        !           148: See the Icon installation guide for complete details.
        !           149: For most intents and purposes, interpretable
        !           150: files are executable programs in the same sense that files produced by
        !           151: .IR ld \^(1)
        !           152: are executable programs.
        !           153: .PP
        !           154: Arguments can be passed to the Icon program by following the program
        !           155: name with the arguments.  Any such arguments are passed to the main
        !           156: procedure as a list of strings.
        !           157: .PP
        !           158: When an Icon program is executed, a number of environment variables
        !           159: are examined to determine certain execution parameters.
        !           160: The values assigned to these variables should be numbers.
        !           161: The variables that affect execution
        !           162: and the interpretations of their values are as follows:
        !           163: .TP 4
        !           164: .I TRACE
        !           165: Initialize the value of \*M&trace\fR.
        !           166: If this variable has a value, it overrides the translation-time
        !           167: \f3\-t\fR
        !           168: option.
        !           169: .TP
        !           170: .I NBUFS
        !           171: The number of i/o buffers to use for files.
        !           172: When a file is opened, it is assigned an i/o buffer if one is available
        !           173: and the file is not a tty.
        !           174: If no buffer is available, the file is not buffered.
        !           175: \*M&input\fR, \*M&output\fR, and \*M&errout\fR are buffered if buffers
        !           176: are available.
        !           177: On VAX systems, ten buffers are allocated initially;
        !           178: on PDP-11 systems, five buffers are allocated initially.
        !           179: .TP
        !           180: .I NOERRBUF
        !           181: If set, \*M&errout\fR is not buffered.
        !           182: .TP
        !           183: .I STRSIZE
        !           184: The initial size of the string space, in bytes.
        !           185: The string space grows if necessary, but it never shrinks.
        !           186: On VAX systems, the string space is initially 51,200 bytes;
        !           187: on PDP-11 systems, 10,240 bytes initially.
        !           188: .TP
        !           189: .I HEAPSIZE
        !           190: The initial size of the heap, in bytes.
        !           191: The heap grows if necessary, but it never shrinks.
        !           192: On VAX systems, the heap is initially 51,200 bytes;
        !           193: on PDP-11 systems, 10,240 bytes initially.
        !           194: .TP
        !           195: .I NSTACKS
        !           196: The number of stacks initially available for co-expressions.
        !           197: On VAX systems, four stacks are initially allocated; on PDP-11
        !           198: systems, two stacks are initially allocated.
        !           199: More are automatically allocated if needed.
        !           200: .TP
        !           201: .I STKSIZE
        !           202: The size of each co-expression stack, in words.
        !           203: On VAX systems, stacks are normally 2000 words;
        !           204: on PDP-11 systems, stacks are normally 1000 words.
        !           205: .SH FILES
        !           206: .ta \w'\*Mv5g/bin/itran\fR     'u
        !           207: \*Mv5g/bin/itran\fR    icon translator
        !           208: .br
        !           209: \*Mv5g/bin/ilink\fR    icon linker
        !           210: .br
        !           211: \*Mv5g/bin/iconx\fR    icon run-time system
        !           212: .br
        !           213: .SH SEE ALSO
        !           214: .I
        !           215: The Icon Programming Language\fR,
        !           216: Ralph E. Griswold and Madge T. Griswold,
        !           217: Prentice-Hall Inc.,
        !           218: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey,
        !           219: 1983.
        !           220: .LP
        !           221: \fIVersion 5.9 of Icon\fR, Ralph E. Griswold, Robert K. McConeghy, and William H. Mitchell,
        !           222: Department of Computer Science, The University of Arizona,
        !           223: August 1984.
        !           224: .LP
        !           225: \fIInstallation and Maintenance Guide for Version 5.9 of Icon\fR,
        !           226: Ralph E. Griswold and William H. Mitchell,
        !           227: Department of Computer Science, The University of Arizona,
        !           228: August 1984.
        !           229: .LP
        !           230: m4\^(1), icon-pi(1)
        !           231: .SH BUGS
        !           232: .LP
        !           233: Downward compatibility of interpretable files will not be maintained
        !           234: in subsequent releases of Icon.  No checks are performed to determine
        !           235: if the interpretable file and the interpreter are compatible.  Peculiar
        !           236: program behavior is the only indication of such incompatibility.
        !           237: .LP
        !           238: Interpretable files do not stand alone; the Icon interpreter must be
        !           239: present on the system.  This implies that an interpretable
        !           240: file produced on one system will not work on another system unless
        !           241: the Icon interpreter is in the same place on both systems and that
        !           242: the interpreter is of the same version of Icon as the translator
        !           243: that produced the interpretable file.
        !           244: .LP
        !           245: Because of the way that co-expressions are implemented,
        !           246: there is a possibility that programs
        !           247: in which they are used may malfunction mysteriously.
        !           248: .LP
        !           249: Integer overflow on multiplication is not detected.
        !           250: .LP
        !           251: If the
        !           252: \f3\-m\fR
        !           253: option is used,
        !           254: line numbers reported in error messages or tracing messages
        !           255: are from the file after, not before, preprocessing.

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