Annotation of 43BSD/contrib/jove/doc/teach-jove, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: You are looking at the JOVE tutorial.  This was written by Richard Stallman
        !             2: and modified by Doug Kingston and Jonathan Payne.  Comments on this document
        !             3: should be sent to payne@rochester. (12 February '86)
        !             4: 
        !             5: JOVE commands generally involve the CONTROL key (sometimes labelled
        !             6: CTRL or CTL) or the META key (generally labelled ESCAPE).  Rather than
        !             7: write out META or CONTROL each time we want you to prefix a character,
        !             8: we'll use the following abbreviations:
        !             9: 
        !            10:  C-<chr>  means hold the CONTROL key while typing the character <chr>
        !            11:          Thus, C-F would be: hold the CONTROL key and type F.
        !            12:  M-<chr>  means type the META (ESCAPE) key and release it, then type
        !            13:          the character <chr>.  The <chr> can be upper or lower case
        !            14:          and it will have the same meaning.
        !            15: 
        !            16: Important note: if you must exit at some point, type C-X C-C.
        !            17: The characters ">>" at the left margin indicate directions for you to
        !            18: try using a command.  For instance:
        !            19: 
        !            20: >>  Now type C-V (View next screen) to move to the next screen.
        !            21:        (go ahead, do it by depressing the control key and V together).
        !            22:        From now on, you'll be expected to do this whenever you finish
        !            23:        reading the screen.
        !            24: 
        !            25: Note that there is an overlap when going from screen to screen; this
        !            26: provides some continuity when moving through the file.
        !            27: 
        !            28: The first thing that you need to know is how to move around from
        !            29: place to place in the file.  You already know how to move forward a
        !            30: screen, with C-V.  To move backwards a screen, type M-V (depress the
        !            31: META key and type V, or type <ESC>V if you don't have a META or EDIT
        !            32: key).
        !            33: 
        !            34: >>  Try typing M-V and then C-V to move back and forth a few times.
        !            35: 
        !            36: 
        !            37: SUMMARY
        !            38: -------
        !            39: 
        !            40: The following commands are useful for viewing screenfuls:
        !            41: 
        !            42:        C-V     Move forward one screenful
        !            43:        M-V     Move backward one screenful
        !            44:        C-L     Center the current line--clear screen and redisplay
        !            45:                everything if current line is already at center.
        !            46:        
        !            47: >> find the cursor and remember what text is near it.
        !            48:    Then type a C-L.
        !            49:    Find the cursor again and see what text is near it now.
        !            50: 
        !            51: 
        !            52: BASIC CURSOR CONTROL
        !            53: --------------------
        !            54: 
        !            55: Getting from screenful to screenful is useful, but how do you
        !            56: reposition yourself within a given screen to a specific place?  There
        !            57: are several ways you can do this.  One way (not the best, but the most
        !            58: basic) is to use the commands previous, backward, forward and next.
        !            59: As you can imagine these commands (which are given to JOVE as C-P,
        !            60: C-B, C-F, and C-N respectively) move the cursor from where it
        !            61: currently is to a new place in the given direction.  Here, in a more
        !            62: graphical form are the commands:
        !            63:  
        !            64:                          Previous line, C-P
        !            65:                                  :
        !            66:                                  :
        !            67:    Backward, C-B .... Current cursor position .... Forward, C-F
        !            68:                                  :
        !            69:                                  :
        !            70:                          Next line, C-N
        !            71: 
        !            72: You'll probably find it easy to think of these by letter.  P for
        !            73: previous, N for next, B for backward and F for forward.  These are the
        !            74: basic cursor positioning commands and you'll be using them ALL the
        !            75: time so it would be of great benefit if you learn them now.
        !            76: 
        !            77: >> Do a few C-N's to bring the cursor down to this line.
        !            78: 
        !            79: >> Move into the line with C-F's and then up with several C-P's.  See
        !            80:    what C-P does when the cursor is in the middle of the line.
        !            81: 
        !            82: Lines are separated by a single Linefeed character, which is what Unix
        !            83: calls a Newline.
        !            84: 
        !            85: >> Try to C-B at the beginning of a line.  Do a few more C-B's.
        !            86:    Then do C-F's back to the end of the line and beyond.
        !            87: 
        !            88: When you go off the top or bottom of the screen, the text beyond the
        !            89: edge is shifted onto the screen so that your instructions can be
        !            90: carried out while keeping the cursor on the screen.
        !            91: 
        !            92: >> Try to move the cursor off the bottom of the screen with C-N and
        !            93:    see what happens.
        !            94: 
        !            95: If moving by characters is too slow, you can move by words.  M-F
        !            96: (Meta-F) moves forward a word and M-B moves back a word.
        !            97: 
        !            98: >> Type a few M-F's and M-B's.  Intersperse them with C-F's and C-B's.
        !            99: 
        !           100: Notice the parallel between C-F and C-B on the one hand, and M-F and
        !           101: M-B on the other hand.  Very often Meta characters are used for
        !           102: operations related to English text whereas Control characters operate
        !           103: on the basic textual units that are independent of what you are
        !           104: editing (characters, lines, etc).  There is a similar parallel between
        !           105: lines and sentences: C-A and C-E move to the beginning or end of a
        !           106: line, and M-A and M-E move to the beginning or end of a sentence.
        !           107: 
        !           108: >> Try a couple of C-A's, and then a couple of C-E's.
        !           109:    Try a couple of M-A's, and then a couple of M-E's.
        !           110: 
        !           111: See how repeated C-A's do nothing, but repeated M-A's keep moving
        !           112: farther.  Do you think that this is right?
        !           113: 
        !           114: Two other simple cursor motion commands are M-< (Meta Less-than),
        !           115: which moves to the beginning of the file, and M-> (Meta Greater-than),
        !           116: which moves to the end of the file.  You probably don't need to try
        !           117: them, since finding this spot again will be boring.  If you need the
        !           118: shift key to type a "<", then you must also use the shift key to type
        !           119: M-<.  Otherwise, you would be typing M-, .
        !           120: 
        !           121: The location of the cursor in the text is also called "point".  To
        !           122: paraphrase, the cursor shows on the screen where point is located in
        !           123: the text.
        !           124: 
        !           125: Here is a summary of simple moving operations including the word and
        !           126: sentence moving commands:
        !           127: 
        !           128:        C-F     Move forward a character
        !           129:        C-B     Move backward a character
        !           130: 
        !           131:        M-F     Move forward a word
        !           132:        M-B     Move backward a word
        !           133: 
        !           134:        C-N     Move to next line
        !           135:        C-P     Move to previous line
        !           136: 
        !           137:        C-A     Move to beginning of line
        !           138:        C-E     Move to end of line
        !           139: 
        !           140:        M-A     Move back to beginning of sentence
        !           141:        M-E     Move forward to end of sentence
        !           142: 
        !           143:        M-<     Go to beginning of file
        !           144:        M->     Go to end of file
        !           145: 
        !           146: >> Try all of these commands now a few times for practice.  Since the
        !           147:    last two will take you away from this screen, you can come back
        !           148:    here with the command C-X C-X (which will be explained later).
        !           149:    These are the most often used commands.
        !           150: 
        !           151: Like all other commands in JOVE, these commands can be given arguments
        !           152: which cause them to be executed repeatedly.  The way you give a
        !           153: command a repeat count is by typing META and then the digits before
        !           154: you type the command.  (Remember META is ususally called ESCAPE)
        !           155: 
        !           156: For instance, META 8 C-F moves forward eight characters.
        !           157:        
        !           158: >> Try giving a suitable argument to C-N or C-P to come as close
        !           159:    as you can to this line in one jump.
        !           160: 
        !           161: The only apparent exception to this is the screen moving commands, C-V
        !           162: and M-V.  When given an argument, they scroll the screen up or down by
        !           163: that many lines, rather than screenfuls.  This proves to be much more
        !           164: useful.
        !           165: 
        !           166: >> Try typing M-8 C-V now.
        !           167: 
        !           168: Did it scroll the screen up by 8 lines?  If you would like to scroll
        !           169: it down you can give an argument to M-V.
        !           170: 
        !           171: 
        !           172: QUITTING FROM COMMANDS
        !           173: ----------------------
        !           174: 
        !           175: The character in JOVE used to quit out of all commands which request
        !           176: input is C-G.  For example, you can use C-G to discard a numeric
        !           177: argument or the beginning of a command that you don't want to finish.
        !           178: 
        !           179: >> Type M-100 to make a numeric arg of 100, then type C-G.  Now type
        !           180:    C-F.  How many characters does it move?  If you have typed an <ESC>
        !           181:    by mistake, you can get rid of it with a C-G.
        !           182: 
        !           183: 
        !           184: ERRORS
        !           185: ------
        !           186: 
        !           187: Sometimes you may do something which JOVE doesn't allow.  If it is
        !           188: something simple, such as typing a control key sequence which is not
        !           189: associated with any command, JOVE will just beep at you.  Otherwise,
        !           190: JOVE will also display an informative error message at the bottom of
        !           191: the screen.
        !           192: 
        !           193: Some versions of JOVE do not have all the features described in this
        !           194: tutorial implemented yet.  If you come across such an unimplemented
        !           195: feature, you may get an error message when you try to use it.  Just
        !           196: proceed on to the next section of the tutorial.
        !           197: 
        !           198: 
        !           199: INSERTING AND DELETING
        !           200: ----------------------
        !           201: 
        !           202: If you want to type text, just do it.  Characters which you can see,
        !           203: such as A, 7, *, etc. are taken by JOVE as text and inserted
        !           204: immediately.  Type <Return> (the carriage-return key) to insert a line
        !           205: separator.
        !           206: 
        !           207: You can delete the last character you typed by typing <Delete>.
        !           208: <Delete> is a key on the keyboard, which may be labeled "Rubout"
        !           209: instead of "Delete" on some terminals.  More generally, <Delete>
        !           210: deletes the character immediately before the current cursor position.
        !           211: 
        !           212: >> Do this now, type a few characters and then delete them by typing
        !           213:    <Delete> a few times.  Don't worry about this file being changed;
        !           214:    you won't affect the master tutorial.  This is just a copy of it.
        !           215: 
        !           216: >> Now start typing text until you reach the right margin, and keep
        !           217:    typing.  When a line of text gets too big for one line on the
        !           218:    screen, the line of text is "continued" off the edge of the screen
        !           219:    The exclamation mark at the right margin indicates a line which has
        !           220:    been continued.  The line will slide over if you move off the edge
        !           221:    on either side.
        !           222: 
        !           223: >> The following line actually goes off the edge.  Trying typing enough
        !           224:    C-F's that you move off the right hand end of this line.... This is a long line of text that the JOVE editor extends to the right.
        !           225: 
        !           226: >> Use <Delete>s to delete the text until the line fits on one screen
        !           227:    line again.  The continuation "!" will go away.
        !           228: 
        !           229: >> Move the cursor to the beginning of a line and type <Delete>.  This
        !           230:    deletes the line separator before the line and merges the line onto
        !           231:    the previous line.  The resulting line may be too long to fit, in
        !           232:    which case it has a continuation indication.
        !           233: 
        !           234: >> Type <Return> to insert the separator again.
        !           235: 
        !           236: Remember that most JOVE commands can be given a repeat count;  Note
        !           237: that this includes characters which insert themselves.
        !           238: 
        !           239: >>  Try that now -- type META 8 * and see what happens.
        !           240: 
        !           241: If you want to create a blank line in between two lines, move to the
        !           242: second of the two lines and type C-O.
        !           243: 
        !           244: >>  Try moving to a line and typing C-O now.
        !           245: 
        !           246: You've now learned the most basic way of typing something in JOVE and
        !           247: correcting errors.  You can delete by words or lines as well.  Here is
        !           248: a summary of the delete operations:
        !           249: 
        !           250:        <Delete>     delete the character just before the cursor
        !           251:        C-D          delete the next character after the cursor
        !           252: 
        !           253:        M-<Delete>   kill the word immediately before the cursor
        !           254:        M-D          kill the next word after the cursor
        !           255: 
        !           256:        C-K          kill from the cursor position to end of line
        !           257:        M-K          kill to the end of the current sentence
        !           258: 
        !           259: Notice that <Delete> and C-D vs M-<Delete> and M-D extend the parallel
        !           260: started by C-F and M-F (well, <Delete> isn't really a control
        !           261: character, but let's not worry about that).  C-K and M-K are like C-E
        !           262: and M-E, sort of, in that lines are opposite sentences.
        !           263: 
        !           264: Now suppose you kill something, and then you decide that you want to
        !           265: get it back?  Well, whenever you kill something bigger than a
        !           266: character, JOVE saves it for you.  To yank it back, use C-Y.  Note
        !           267: that you don't have to be in the same place to do C-Y; This is a good
        !           268: way to move text around.  Also note that the difference between
        !           269: "Killing" and "Deleting" something is that "Killed" things can be
        !           270: yanked back, and "Deleted" things cannot.  Generally, the commands
        !           271: that can destroy a lot of text save it, while the ones that attack
        !           272: only one character, or nothing but blank lines and spaces, do not save.
        !           273: 
        !           274: For instance, type C-N a couple times to postion the cursor at some
        !           275: line on this screen.
        !           276: 
        !           277: >> Do this now, move the cursor and kill that line with C-K.
        !           278: 
        !           279: Note that a single C-K kills the contents of the line, and a second
        !           280: C-K kills the line itself, and make all the other lines move up.  If
        !           281: you give C-K a repeat count, it kills that many lines AND their
        !           282: contents.
        !           283: 
        !           284: The text that has just disappeared is saved so that you can retrieve
        !           285: it.  To retrieve the last killed text and put it where the cursor
        !           286: currently is, type C-Y.
        !           287: 
        !           288: >> Try it; type C-Y to yank the text back.
        !           289: 
        !           290: Think of C-Y as if you were yanking something back that someone took
        !           291: away from you.  Notice that if you do several C-K's in a row the text
        !           292: that is killed is all saved together so that one C-Y will yank all of
        !           293: the lines.
        !           294: 
        !           295: >> Do this now, type C-K several times.
        !           296: 
        !           297: Now to retrieve that killed text:
        !           298: 
        !           299: >> Type C-Y.  Then move the cursor down a few lines and type C-Y
        !           300:    again.  You now see how to copy some text.
        !           301: 
        !           302: What do you do if you have some text you want to yank back, and then
        !           303: you kill something else?  C-Y would yank the more recent kill.  But
        !           304: the previous text is not lost.  You can get back to it using the M-Y
        !           305: command.  After you have done C-Y to get the most recent kill, typing
        !           306: M-Y replaces that yanked text with the previous kill.  Typing M-Y
        !           307: again and again brings in earlier and earlier kills.  When you have
        !           308: reached the text you are looking for, you can just go away and leave
        !           309: it there.  If you M-Y enough times, you come back to the starting
        !           310: point (the most recent kill).
        !           311: 
        !           312: >> Kill a line, move around, kill another line.  Then do C-Y to get
        !           313:    back the second killed line.  Then do M-Y and it will be replaced
        !           314:    by the first killed line.  Do more M-Y's and see what you get.
        !           315:    Keep doing them until the second kill line comes back, and then a
        !           316:    few more.  If you like, you can try giving M-Y positive and negative
        !           317:    arguments.
        !           318: 
        !           319: 
        !           320: FILES
        !           321: -----
        !           322: 
        !           323: In order to make the text you edit permanent, you must put it in a
        !           324: file.  Otherwise, it will go away when your invocation of JOVE goes
        !           325: away.  While you are editing a file in JOVE, your changes are actually
        !           326: being made to a private "scratch" copy of the file.  However, the
        !           327: changes still don't become permanent until you "save" the file.  This
        !           328: is so you can have control to avoid leaving a half-changed file around
        !           329: when you don't want to.
        !           330: 
        !           331: If you look near the botton of the screen you will see a line that
        !           332: looks like this:
        !           333:     JOVE (Text) Buffer: teach-jove "teach-jove" *
        !           334: "teach-jove" is the name of the file you are editing.  This is the name
        !           335: of your own temporary copy of the text of the JOVE tutorial; the file
        !           336: you are now editing.  Whatever file you edit, that file's name will
        !           337: appear in that precise spot.
        !           338: 
        !           339: The commands for finding and saving files are unlike the other
        !           340: commands you have learned in that they consist of two characters.
        !           341: They both start with the character Control-X.  There is a whole series
        !           342: of commands that start with Control-X; many of them have to do with
        !           343: files, buffers, and related things, and all of them consist of
        !           344: Control-X followed by some other character.  As with M- the character
        !           345: interpreted the same regardless of case.
        !           346: 
        !           347: Another thing about the command for finding a file is that you have to
        !           348: say what file name you want.  We say the command "reads an argument
        !           349: from the terminal" (in this case, the argument is the name of the
        !           350: file).  After you type the command
        !           351: 
        !           352:        C-X C-F   Find a file
        !           353: 
        !           354: JOVE will ask you for the file name.  You should end the name with
        !           355: the Return key.  After this command, you will see the contents of the
        !           356: file in your JOVE.  You can edit the contents.  When you wish to make
        !           357: the changes permanent, issue the command
        !           358: 
        !           359:        C-X C-S   Save the file
        !           360: 
        !           361: Warning: on many systems JOVE will not be able to process the key C-S.
        !           362: In place of C-S, you should type C-\.  It is possible to make C-S work
        !           363: but C-\ is guaranteed always to work in place of C-S.
        !           364: 
        !           365: The old version of the file will be replaced.  When the operation is
        !           366: finished, JOVE prints the name and number of lines and characters
        !           367: saved.
        !           368: 
        !           369: If you forget to save and then edit a different file, JOVE will remind
        !           370: you that you made changes that have not been saved and then ask you
        !           371: whether you really want to quit.  (If you don't save them, they will
        !           372: be thrown away.  That might be what you want!)  You should answer with
        !           373: a "Y" to throw the changes away or "N" to abort quitting so you can
        !           374: then save the changes.
        !           375: 
        !           376: To make a new file, just edit it "as if" it already existed.  Then
        !           377: start typing in the text.  When you ask to "save" the file, JOVE will
        !           378: really create the file with the text that you have inserted.  From
        !           379: then on, you can consider yourself to be editing an already existing
        !           380: file.
        !           381: 
        !           382: It is not easy for you to try out editing a file and continue with the
        !           383: tutorial.  But you can always come back into the tutorial by starting
        !           384: it over and skipping forward.  So, when you feel ready, you should try
        !           385: editing a file named "FOO", putting some text in it, and saving it;
        !           386: then exit from JOVE and look at the file to be sure that it worked.
        !           387: 
        !           388: 
        !           389: EXTENDING THE COMMAND SET
        !           390: -------------------------
        !           391: 
        !           392: There are many, many more JOVE commands than could possibly be put on
        !           393: all the control and meta characters.  JOVE gets around this with the X
        !           394: (eXtend) command.  This comes in two flavors:
        !           395: 
        !           396:        C-X     Character eXtend.  Followed by one character.
        !           397:        M-X     Named command eXtend.  Followed by a long name.
        !           398: 
        !           399: These are commands that are generally useful but used less than the
        !           400: commands you have already learned about.  You have already seen two of
        !           401: them: the file commands C-X C-F to Find and C-X C-S to Save.  Another
        !           402: example is the command to tell JOVE that you'd like to stop editing.
        !           403: The command to do this is C-X C-C.
        !           404: 
        !           405: There are many C-X commands.  The ones you need immediately are:
        !           406: 
        !           407:        C-X C-V         Visit file.
        !           408:        C-X C-S         Save file.
        !           409:        C-X C-C         Quit JOVE.  This does not save your files auto-
        !           410:                        matically, though if your files have been modi-
        !           411:                        fied, JOVE asks if you really want to quit.  The
        !           412:                        standard way to save and exit is C-X C-S C-X C-C.
        !           413: 
        !           414: Named eXtended commands are commands which are used even less
        !           415: frequently, or commands which are used only in certain modes.  These
        !           416: commands are usually called "commands".  An example is the command
        !           417: "apropos", which prompts for a keyword and then gives the names of all
        !           418: the commands that apropos for that keyword.  When you type M-X, JOVE
        !           419: prompts you at the bottom of the screen with ":" and you should type
        !           420: the name of the command you wish to call; in this case, "apropos".
        !           421: Just type "apr<Space>" and JOVE will complete the name.  JOVE will ask
        !           422: you for a keyword or phrase and you type the string that you want ask
        !           423: about.
        !           424: 
        !           425: >> Try typing M-X, followed by "apropos" or "apr" and then Return.
        !           426:    Then try typing "file" followed by a Return.
        !           427: 
        !           428: 
        !           429: TEXT REPLACEMENT
        !           430: ---- -----------
        !           431: 
        !           432: >> Move the cursor to the blank line two lines below this one.
        !           433:    Then type M-r changed<Return>altered<Return>.
        !           434: 
        !           435:    Notice how this line has changed: you've replaced the word
        !           436:    c-h-a-n-g-e-d with "altered" wherever it occurs after the cursor.
        !           437: 
        !           438: The more customary command for replacing strings is the interactive
        !           439: command query-replace-search, which has several options.  In essence,
        !           440: it shows each occurance of the first string and asks you if you want to
        !           441: replace it or not.  You can also choose to edit around the string, or
        !           442: go on and replace all occurances without asking further.  It is
        !           443: described in detail in the JOVE manual.
        !           444: 
        !           445: 
        !           446: MODE LINE
        !           447: ---------
        !           448: 
        !           449: If JOVE sees that you are typing commands slowly it shows them to you
        !           450: at the bottom of the screen in an area called the echo area.  The echo
        !           451: area contains the bottom line of the screen.  The line immediately above
        !           452: them is called the MODE LINE.  The mode line says something like
        !           453: 
        !           454:    JOVE (Text)  Buffer: [buffername]  "filename" *
        !           455: 
        !           456: This is a very useful "information" line.
        !           457: 
        !           458: The buffername is the name JOVE gave to the buffer, and it is usually
        !           459: related to the filename.  You already know what the filename means --
        !           460: it is the file you have edited.
        !           461: 
        !           462: The star means that you have made changes to the text.  Right after
        !           463: you visit or save a file, there is no star.
        !           464: 
        !           465: The part of the mode line inside the parentheses is to tell you what
        !           466: modes you are in.  The default mode is Text which is what you are in
        !           467: now.  It is an example of a "major mode".  There are several major
        !           468: modes in JOVE for editing different languages and text, such as C
        !           469: mode, Lisp mode, Text mode, etc.  At any time one and only one major
        !           470: mode is active, and its two-letter code can always be found in the
        !           471: mode line just where "Text" is now.  Each major mode makes a few
        !           472: commands behave differently.  For example, what JOVE considers as part
        !           473: of a valid expression or an identifier differs from one major mode to
        !           474: another, since each programming language has a different idea of what
        !           475: is a legal identifier.
        !           476: 
        !           477: Major modes are called major because there are also minor modes.  They
        !           478: are called minor because they aren't alternatives to the major modes,
        !           479: just minor modifications of them.  Each minor mode can be turned on or
        !           480: off by itself, regardless of what major mode you are in, and
        !           481: regardless of the other minor modes.  So you can use no minor modes,
        !           482: or one minor mode, or any combination of several minor modes.
        !           483: 
        !           484: One minor mode which is very useful, especially for editing English
        !           485: text, is "Auto Fill" mode.  When this mode is on, JOVE breaks the line
        !           486: in between words automatically whenever the line gets too long.  You
        !           487: can turn this mode on by doing M-X auto-fill-mode<Return>.  When the
        !           488: mode is on, you can turn it off by doing M-X auto-fill-mode<Return>--
        !           489: it toggles.
        !           490: 
        !           491: >> Type "M-X auto-fill-mode<Return>" now.  Then insert a line with a
        !           492:    bunch of words over again until you see it divide into two lines.
        !           493:    You must put in spaces between them because Auto Fill breaks lines
        !           494:    only at spaces.  Notice that "Fill" (the code for Auto Fill) appears
        !           495:    in the mode line after "Text" to indicate that you are in Text Fill
        !           496:    mode.
        !           497: 
        !           498: The margin is usually set at 78 characters, but you can change it with
        !           499: the set command.  The margin is kept in a variable just like the mode
        !           500: values.
        !           501: 
        !           502: >> Type "M-X set right-margin 20", then type in some text and see
        !           503:    JOVE fill lines of 20 characters with it.  Then set the margin
        !           504:    back to 72 using M-X set again.
        !           505: 
        !           506: 
        !           507: SEARCHING
        !           508: ---------
        !           509: 
        !           510: JOVE can do searches for strings (these are groups of contiguous
        !           511: characters or words) either forward through the file or backward
        !           512: through it.  To search for the string means that you are trying to
        !           513: find that string somewhere in the file.  Remember to use C-\ where it
        !           514: says C-S.
        !           515: 
        !           516: >> Now type C-S to start a search.  Type the word 'cursor', then
        !           517:    Return.
        !           518: 
        !           519: >> Type C-S Return to find the next occurrence of "cursor".
        !           520: 
        !           521: The C-S starts a search that looks for any occurrence of the search
        !           522: string AFTER the current cursor position.  But what if you want to
        !           523: search for something earlier in the text?  To do this one should type
        !           524: C-R for reverse search.  Everything that applies to C-S applies to C-R
        !           525: except that the direction of the search is reversed.
        !           526: 
        !           527: 
        !           528: GETTING MORE HELP
        !           529: -----------------
        !           530: 
        !           531: In this tutorial we have tried to supply just enough information to
        !           532: get you started using JOVE.  There is so much available in JOVE that
        !           533: it would be impossible to explain it all here.  However, you may want
        !           534: to learn more about JOVE since it has numerous desirable features that
        !           535: you don't know about yet.  JOVE has a some internal documentation.
        !           536: 
        !           537: The most basic HELP feature is the describe-key command which is
        !           538: available by typing C-X ? and then a command character. JOVE prints
        !           539: one line line on the bottom of the screen tell what command is bound to
        !           540: that key.  You can then get further information on that command
        !           541: using...
        !           542: 
        !           543: The describe-command command M-? will prompt for the name of a command
        !           544: and print out the section from the manual about that command. When you
        !           545: are finished reading it, type a Space or a C-G (quit) to bring your text
        !           546: back on the screen.
        !           547: 
        !           548: >> Type C-X ? Control-P.  The message at the bottom of the screen should
        !           549:    be something like "C-P is bound to previous-line".
        !           550: 
        !           551: Multi-character commands such as C-X C-Z and <ESC>V are also allowed
        !           552: after C-X ?.
        !           553: 
        !           554: Now lets get more information about the previous-line command.
        !           555: 
        !           556: >> Type M-? previous-line.  When you are finished reading the
        !           557:    output, type a Space.
        !           558: 
        !           559: The "name of the command" is important for people who are customizing
        !           560: JOVE.  It is what appears in the JOVE CHART as the documentation for
        !           561: the command character.
        !           562: 
        !           563: One other form of help is the "apropos" command.  We have already tried
        !           564: using this command in an earlier part of this tutorial, but it should
        !           565: be mentioned again here.  Apropos prompts for a word or phrase and
        !           566: lists all the commands that contain that string.  If you couldn't
        !           567: remember the name of a certain command to read file, you could run the
        !           568: apropos command with the keyword "file" and it would list all the
        !           569: commands that contain "file".  To run apropos you would type
        !           570: 
        !           571:        M-X apr<Space>file<Return>
        !           572: 
        !           573: 
        !           574: CONCLUSION
        !           575: ----------
        !           576: 
        !           577: Remember, to exit use C-X C-C.
        !           578: 
        !           579: This tutorial is meant to be understandable to all new users, so if
        !           580: you found something unclear, don't sit and blame yourself - complain!
        !           581: 
        !           582: You'll probably find that if you use JOVE for a few days you won't
        !           583: be able to give it up.  Initially it may give you trouble.  But remember
        !           584: that this is the case with any editor, especially one that can do many,
        !           585: many things.  And JOVE can do practically everything.

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