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1.1 root 1: .\" This file is automatically generated. Do not edit!
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42: .so version.rf
43: .tp
44: .(l C
45: \fIdiscard this page\fR
46: .sp 4
47: The Rand \fIMH\fR
48: Message Handling
49: System:
50: Administrator's Guide
51: .sp
52: UCI Version
53: .sp 2
54: \*(td
55: \*(MH
56: .)l
57: .++ C
58: .+c INTRODUCTION
59:
60: .uh "Scope of this document"
61: .pp
62: This is the Administrator's Guide to \fIMH\fR.
63: If you don't maintain an \fIMH\fR system,
64: don't read this;
65: the information is entirely too technical.
66: If you are a maintainer,
67: then read this guide until you understand it,
68: follow the advice it gives,
69: and then forget about the guide.
70: .pp
71: Before continuing, I'll point out two facts:
72: .sp 2
73: .(l C
74: \fIThis document will never contain all the information
75: you need to maintain MH.
76: .sp
77: Furthermore, this document will never contain everything
78: I know about maintaining MH.\fR
79: .)l
80: .sp 2
81: \fIMH\fR,
82: and mailsystems in general,
83: are more complex than most people realize.
84: A combination of experience, intuition, and tenacity is required to maintain
85: \fIMH\fR properly.
86: This document can provide only guidelines for bringing up an \fIMH\fR system
87: and maintaining it.
88: There is a sufficient amount of customization possible that not all events or
89: problems can be forseen.
90:
91: .uh "Summary"
92: .pp
93: During \fIMH\fR generation,
94: you specify several configuration constants to the \fImhconfig\fR program.
95: These directives take into consideration such issues as hardware and
96: operating system dependencies in the source code.
97: They also factor out some major mailsystem administrative decisions
98: that are likely to be made consistantly at sites with more than one host.
99: The manual entry \fImh\-gen\fR\0(8) describes all the static configuration
100: directives.
101: .pp
102: However,
103: when you install \fIMH\fR you may wish to make some site\-specific
104: or host\-specific changes which aren't hardware or even software related.
105: Rather, they are administrative decisions.
106: That's what this guide is for: it describes all of the dynamically tailorable
107: directives.
108: .pp
109: Usually, after installing \fIMH\fR, you'll want to edit the
110: \fB/usr/new/lib/mh/mtstailor\fR file.
111: This file fine-tunes the way \fIMH\fR interacts with the message transport
112: system (MTS).
113: Section 2 talks about the MTS interface and MTS tailoring.
114: .pp
115: After that, if you're running the UCI BBoards facility,
116: or the POP facility,
117: you'll need to know how to maintain those systems.
118: Sections 3 and 4 talk about these.
119: .pp
120: If for some reason
121: you're not running an MTS that can handle both Internet and \fIUUCP\fR traffic,
122: you should read\-up on mail filtering in Section 5.
123: Although this is considered \*(lqold technology\*(rq now,
124: the mechanisms described in Section 5 were really quite useful when
125: first introduced way back in 1981.
126: .pp
127: Finally, you may want to know how to modify the \fIMH\fR source tree.
128: Section 6 talks (a little bit) about that.
129: .pp
130: The last two sections describe a few hidden features in \fIMH\fR,
131: and the configuration options that were in effect when this guide was
132: generated.
133: .pp
134: After \fIMH\fR is installed, you should define the address \*(lqBug\-MH\*(rq
135: to map to either you or the \fIPostMaster\fR at your site.
136: .pp
137: In addition,
138: if you want to tailor the behavior of \fIMH\fR for new users,
139: you can create and edit the file \fB/usr/new/lib/mh/mh.profile\fR.
140: When the \fIinstall-mh\fR program is run for a user,
141: if this file exists, it will copy it into the user's \&.mh\(ruprofile
142: file.
143:
144: .\" macros for the .me/.man files
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158: .sp
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163: ..
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187: ..
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191: .ta \w'ExtraBigProfileName 'u
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238: .in 0
239: ..
240:
241: .+c "THE MTS INTERFACE"
242: .pp
243: The file \fB/usr/new/lib/mh/mtstailor\fR customizes
244: certain host\-specific parameters of \fIMH\fR
245: related primarily to interactions with the transport system.
246: The parameters in this file override the compiled\-in defaults given during
247: \fIMH\fR configuration.
248: Rather than recompiling \fIMH\fR on each host to make minor customizations,
249: it is easier simply to modify the \fBmtstailor\fR file.
250: All hosts at a given site normally use the same \fBmtstailor\fR file,
251: though this need not be the case.
252: .pp
253: It is a good idea to run the \fIconflict\fR\0(8) program each morning
254: under \fIcron\fR.
255: The following line usually suffices:
256:
257: .ti +.5i
258: 00 05 * * * /usr/uci/lib/mh/conflict -mail PostMaster
259:
260: .if t \{
261: .ll 6.5i
262: .lt 6.5i
263: \}
264: .fo '[mh.6]'MH'UCI version'
265: .po -.50i
266: .so mh-tailor.me
267: .so mh-mts.me
268: .po +.50i
269: .he ''-%-''
270: .fo ''''
271: .br
272: .if t \{
273: .ll 32P
274: .lt 32P
275: \}
276:
277: .+c "BBOARDS"
278: .pp
279: If you enable the UCI BBoards facility during configuration,
280: then the initial environment for bboards
281: was set\-up during installation.
282: A BBoard called \*(lqsystem\*(rq is established,
283: which is the BBoard for general discussion.
284: .pp
285: To add more BBoards, become the \*(lqbboards\*(rq user,
286: and edit the \fB/usr/spool/bboards/BBoards\fR file.
287: The file \fBsupport/bboards/Example\fR is a copy of the
288: \fB/usr/spool/bboards/BBoards\fR file that we use at UCI.
289: When you add a BBoard,
290: you don't have to create the files associated with it,
291: the BBoards delivery system will do that automatically.
292: .pp
293: Private BBoards may be created.
294: To add the fictitious private BBoard \*(lqhacks\*(rq,
295: add the appropriate entry to the BBoards file,
296: create the empty file \fB/usr/spool/bboards/hacks.mbox\fR (or whatever),
297: change the mode of this file to 0640,
298: and change the group of the file to be the groupid of the people that you
299: want to be able to read it.
300: Also be sure to add the \*(lqbboards\*(rq user to this group
301: (in \fB/etc/group\fR),
302: so the archives can be owned correctly.
303: .pp
304: By using the special INVIS flag for a BBoard,
305: special purpose BBoards may be set\-up which are invisible to the \fIMH\fR
306: user.
307: For example,
308: if a site distributes a BBoard both locally to a number of machines and to a
309: number of distant machines.
310: It might be useful to have two distribution lists:
311: one for all machines on the list, and the other for local machines only.
312: This is actually very simple to do.
313: For the main list,
314: put the standard entry of information in the \fB/usr/spool/bboards/BBoards\fR file,
315: with the complete distribution list.
316: For the local machines list,
317: and add a similar entry to the \fB/usr/spool/bboards/BBoards\fR file.
318: All the fields should be the same except three:
319: the BBoard name should reflect a local designation (e.g., \*(lql\-hacks\*(rq),
320: the distribution list should contain only machines at the local site,
321: and the flags field should contain the INVIS flag.
322: Since the two entries share the same primary and archive files,
323: messages sent to either list are read by local users,
324: while only thoses messages sent to the main list are read by all users.
325: .pp
326: Two automatic facilities for dealing with BBoards exist:
327: automatic archiving and automatic aliasing.
328: The file \fBsupport/bboards/crontab\fR contains some entries that you
329: should add to your \fB/usr/lib/crontab\fR file to run the specified programs
330: at times that are convenient for you.
331: The \fBbboards.daily\fR file is run once a day and generates an alias file
332: for \fIMH\fR.
333: By using this file, users of \fIMH\fR can use, for example,
334: \*(lqunix\-wizards\*(rq instead of \*(lqunix\-wizards@brl\-vgr\*(rq
335: when they want to send a message to the \*(lqunix\-wizards\*(rq
336: discussion group.
337: This is a major win, since you just have to know the name of the group,
338: not the address where it's located.
339: .pp
340: The \fBbboards.weekly\fR file is run once a week and handles old
341: messages (those received more than 12 days ago) in the BBoards area.
342: In short,
343: those BBoards which are marked for automatic archiving
344: will have their old messages placed in the \fB/usr/spool/bboards/archive/\fR area,
345: or have their old messages removed.
346: Not only does this make BBoards faster to read,
347: but it conveniently partitions the new messages from the old messages
348: so you can easily put the old messages on tape and then remove them.
349: It turns out that this automatic archiving capability is also a major
350: win.
351: .pp
352: At UCI,
353: our policy is to save archived messages on tape (every two months or so).
354: We use a program called \fIbbtar\fR to implement our particular policy.
355: Since some BBoards are private (see above),
356: we save the archives on two tapes:
357: one containing the world\-readable archives
358: (this tape is read-only accessible to all users by calling the operator),
359: and the other containing the non\-world\-readable ones
360: (this tape is kept locked\-up somewhere).
361: .pp
362: If POP is enabled with BBoards,
363: a third directive, POPBBoards, may be enabled.
364: This allows the \fIMH\fR user to read BBoards on a server machine
365: instead of the local host (thus saving disk space).
366: For completely transparent behavior,
367: the administrator may set certain variables in the \fBmtstailor\fR file
368: on the client host.
369: The variable \*(lqbbpophost\*(rq indicates the host where BBoards are
370: kept
371: (it doesn't have to be the POP service host,
372: but this host must run both a POP server and the BBoards system).
373: The variable \*(lqbbpopuser\*(rq indicates the guest account on this host
374: for BBoards.
375: This username should not be either the POP user or the BBoards user.
376: Usually the anonymous FTP user (ftp) is the best choice.
377: Finally, the variable \*(lqpopbblist\*(rq indicates the name of a file which
378: contains a list of hosts (one to a line, official host names only) which
379: should be allowed to use the POP facility to access BBoards via the guest
380: account.
381: (If the file is not present, then no check is made.)
382: .pp
383: The \*(lqpopbbuser\*(rq variable should be set on both the client and service
384: host.
385: The \*(lqpopbbhost\*(rq variable need be set only on the client host
386: (the value, of course, is the name of the service host).
387: The \*(lqpopbblist\*(rq variable need be set only on the service host.
388: .pp
389: Finally,
390: on the client host,
391: if a POP service host is not explicitly given by the user
392: (i.e., \*(lqpopbbhost\*(rq is implicitly used),
393: then \fIbbc\fR will explicitly check the local host prior to contacting
394: the service host.
395: This allows each POP client host to have a few local BBoards
396: (e.g., each host could have one called \*(lqsystem\*(rq),
397: and then have the POP service host used for all the rest
398: (a site\-wide BBoard might be known as \*(lqgeneral\*(rq).
399: .if t \{
400: .ll 6.5i
401: .lt 6.5i
402: \}
403: .fo '[mh.6]'MH'UCI version'
404: .po -.50i
405: .so bboards5.me
406: .so bbaka.me
407: .so bbexp.me
408: .so bboards8.me
409: .so bbtar.me
410: .po +.50i
411: .he ''-%-''
412: .fo ''''
413: .br
414: .if t \{
415: .ll 32P
416: .lt 32P
417: \}
418:
419: .+c "POP"
420: .pp
421: For POP (Post Office Protocol) client hosts,
422: you need to edit the \fB/usr/new/lib/mh/mtstailor\fR file to know about two
423: hosts:
424: the SMTP service host and the POP service host.
425: Normally, these are the same.
426: Change the \*(lqlocalname\*(rq field of the \fBmtstailor\fR file
427: of \fIMH\fR in the file to be the name of the POP service host.
428: Also set the value of \*(lqpophost\*(rq to this value.
429: Finally,
430: make sure the value of \*(lqservers\*(rq includes the name of the SMTP
431: service host.
432: The recommended value for \*(lqservers\*(rq is:
433:
434: .ti +.5i
435: servers:\ SMTP\-service\-host localhost \\01localnet
436: .pp
437: If you want more information on the Post Office Protocol used by \fIMH\fR,
438: consult the file \fBsupport/pop/pop.rfc\fR,
439: which is the \fIMH\fR revision to RFC918.
440: .pp
441: For POP service hosts,
442: you need to run a daemon, \fIpopd\fR\0(8).
443: The daemon should start at multi\-user boot time,
444: so adding the lines:
445: .sp
446: .nf
447: .in +.5i
448: if [ \-f /etc/popd ]; then
449: /etc/popd & echo \-n ' pop' >/dev/console
450: fi
451: .in \-.5i
452: .fi
453: to the \fB/etc/rc.local\fR file is sufficient.
454: In addition,
455: on both the POP client and service hosts,
456: you need to define the port that the POP service uses.
457: Add the line
458: .nf
459: .in +.5i
460: pop 109/tcp # experimental
461: .in \-.5i
462: .fi
463: to the \fB/etc/services\fR file (if it's not already there).
464: .pp
465: There are two ways to administer POP:
466: In \*(lqnaive\*(rq mode,
467: each user-id in the \fIpasswd\fR\0(5) file is considered a POP subscriber.
468: No changes are required for the mailsystem on the POP service host.
469: However,
470: this method requires that each POP subscriber have an entry in the password
471: file.
472: The POP server will fetch the user's mail from wherever maildrops are kept on
473: the POP service host.
474: This means that if maildrops are kept in the user's home directory,
475: then each POP subscriber must have a home directory.
476:
477: In \*(lqsmart\*(rq mode
478: (enabled via \*(lqDPOP\*(rq being given as a configuration option),
479: the list of POP subscribers and the list of
480: login users are completely separate name spaces.
481: A separate database (simple file similar to the \fIBBoards\fR\0(5) file)
482: is used to record information about each POP subscriber.
483: Unfortunately,
484: the local mailsystem must be changed to reflect this.
485: This requires two changes (both of which are simple):
486: First,
487: the aliasing mechanism is augmented so that POP subscriber addresses
488: are diverted to a special delivery mechanism.
489: \fIMH\fR comes with a program, \fIpopaka\fR\0(8),
490: which generates the additional information to be put in the mailsystem's
491: alias file.
492: Second,
493: a special POP channel (for MMDF-II) or POP mailer (for SendMail)
494: performs the actual delivery (\fImh.6\fR supplies both).
495: All it really does is just place the mail in the POP spool area.
496: .pp
497: These two different philosophies are not compatible on the same POP service
498: host: one or the other, but not both may be run.
499: Clever mailsystem people will note that
500: the POP mechanism is really a special case of the more general
501: BBoards mechanism.
502: .pp
503: In addition, there is one user-visible difference,
504: which the administrator controls the availability of.
505: The difference is whether the POP subscriber must supply a password to the POP
506: server:
507: The first method uses the standard ARPA technique of sending a username and a
508: password.
509: The appropriate programs (\fIinc\fR, \fImsgchk\fR, and possibly \fIbbc\fR\0)
510: will prompt the user for this information.
511: .pp
512: The second method
513: (which is enabled via \*(lqRPOP\*(rq being given as a configuration option)
514: uses the Berkeley UNIX reserved port method for authentication.
515: This requires that the two or three mentioned above programs be
516: \fIsetuid\fR to root.
517: (There are no known holes in any of these programs.)
518: .pp
519: These two different philosophies are compatible on the same POP service host:
520: to selectively disable RPOP for hosts which aren't trusted,
521: either modify the \fI\&.rhosts\fR file in the case of POP subscribers being
522: UNIX logins,
523: or zero the contents of network address field of the \fIpop\fR\0(5) file for
524: the desired POP subscribers.
525: .if t \{
526: .ll 6.5i
527: .lt 6.5i
528: \}
529: .fo '[mh.6]'MH'UCI version'
530: .po -.50i
531: .so pop5.me
532: .so pop8.me
533: .so popaka.me
534: .so popd.me
535: .so popwrd.me
536: .po +.50i
537: .he ''-%-''
538: .fo ''''
539: .br
540: .if t \{
541: .ll 32P
542: .lt 32P
543: \}
544:
545: .+c "MAIL FILTERING"
546: .pp
547: There was a time when users on a UNIX host might have had two maildrops:
548: one from \fIMMDF\fR and the other from \fIUUCP\fR.
549: This was really a bad problem since it prevented using a single
550: user\-interface on all of your mail.
551: Furthermore,
552: if you wanted to send a message to addresses on different mailsystems,
553: you couldn't send just one message.
554: To solve all these problems,
555: the notion of \fImail filtering\fR was developed that allowed sophisticated
556: munging and relaying between the two pseudo\-domains.
557: .pp
558: \fIMH\fR will perform mail filtering, transparently, if given the MF
559: configuration option.
560: However,
561: with the advent of \fISendMail\fR and further maturation of \fIMMDF\fR,
562: \fIMH\fR doesn't really need to do this anymore,
563: since these message transport agents handle it.
564: .pp
565: The mail\-filtering stuff is too complicated.
566: It should be simpler, but, protocol translation really \fIis\fR difficult.
567: .if t \{
568: .ll 6.5i
569: .lt 6.5i
570: \}
571: .fo '[mh.6]'MH'UCI version'
572: .po -.50i
573: .so mf.me
574: .so rmail.me
575: .po +.50i
576: .he ''-%-''
577: .fo ''''
578: .br
579: .if t \{
580: .ll 32P
581: .lt 32P
582: \}
583:
584: .+c "MH HACKING"
585: .pp
586: Finally, here's a little information on modifying the \fIMH\fR sources.
587: A word of advice however:
588: .sp 2
589: .ce
590: .b \s+4DON'T\s0
591: .sp 2
592: .lp
593: If you really want new \fIMH\fR capabilities,
594: write a shell script instead.
595: After all,
596: that's what UNIX is all about, isn't it?
597: .pp
598: Here's the organization of the \fIMH\fR source tree.
599: .sp
600: .nf
601: .in +.5i
602: .ta \w'miscellany/ 'u +\w'sendmail/ 'u
603: conf/ configurator tree
604: config/ compiled configuration constants
605: dist/ distributor
606: doc/ manual entries
607: h/ include files
608: mts/ MTS\-specific areas
609: mh/ standalone delivery
610: mmdf/ MMDF\-I, MMDF\-II
611: sendmail/ SendMail, SMTP
612: miscellany/ various sundries
613: papers/ papers about \fIMH\fR
614: sbr/ subroutines
615: support/ support programs and files
616: bboards/ UCI BBoards facility
617: general/ templates
618: pop/ POP facility
619: uip/ programs
620: zotnet/ MTS\-independent areas
621: bboards/ UCI BBoards facility
622: mf/ Mail Filtering
623: mts/ MTS constants
624: tws/ date routines
625: .re
626: .in -.5i
627: .fi
628: .if t \{
629: .ll 6.5i
630: .lt 6.5i
631: \}
632: .fo '[mh.6]'MH'UCI version'
633: .po -.50i
634: .so mh-hack.me
635: .po +.50i
636: .he ''-%-''
637: .fo ''''
638: .br
639: .if t \{
640: .ll 32P
641: .lt 32P
642: \}
643:
644: .+c "HIDDEN FEATURES"
645: .pp
646: The capabilities discussed here should not be used on a production basis,
647: as they are either experimental or are useful for debugging \fIMH\fR.
648:
649: .uh "Debug Facilities"
650: .pp
651: The \fImark\fR command has a `\-debug' switch which essentially prints out
652: all the internal \fIMH\fR data structures for the folder you're looking at.
653: .pp
654: The \fIpost\fR command has a `\-debug' switch which does everything but
655: actually post the message for you.
656: Instead of posting the draft, it sends it to the standard output.
657: Similarly,
658: \fIsend\fR has a `\-debug' switch which gets passed to \fIpost\fR.
659: .pp
660: Some \fIMH\fR commands look at envariables to determine debug\-mode operation
661: of certain new facilities.
662: The current list of envariables is:
663: .sp
664: .nf
665: .in +.5i
666: .ta \w'MHLPOPDEBUG 'u
667: ^MHFDEBUG~^OVERHEAD facility
668: ^MHLDEBUG~^mhl
669: ^MHPDEBUG~^pick
670: ^MHPOPDEBUG~^POP transactions
671: ^MHVDEBUG~^window management transactions
672: ^MHWDEBUG~^alternate\-mailboxes
673: .re
674: .in -.5i
675: .fi
676:
677: .uh "Send"
678: .pp
679: The \fIsend\fR command has two switches, `\-unique' and `\-nounique',
680: which are useful to certain individuals who, for obscure reasons,
681: do not use draft\-folders.
682:
683: .uh "Posting Mail"
684: .pp
685: If you're running a version of \fIMH\fR which talks directly to an
686: \fISMTP\fR server (or perhaps an advanced \fIMMDF\fR submit process),
687: there are lots of interesting switches for your amusement which \fIsend\fR
688: and \fIpost\fR understand:
689: .nf
690: .in +.5i
691: .ta \w'-server host 'u
692: ^-mail~^Use the \fIMAIL\fR command (default)
693: ^-saml~^Use the \fISAML\fR command
694: ^-send~^Use the \fISEND\fR command
695: ^-soml~^Use the \fISOML\fR command
696: ^-snoop~^Watch the \fISMTP\fR transaction
697: ^-client host~^Claim to be \*(lqhost\*(rq when posting mail
698: ^-server host~^Post mail with \*(lqhost\*(rq
699: .re
700: .in -.5i
701: .fi
702: .pp
703: The last switch is to be useful when \fIMH\fR resides on small
704: workstations (or PC:s) in a network\-\-they can post their outgoing mail with
705: a local relay,
706: and reduce the load on the local system.
707: On POP client hosts,
708: the `\-server\ host' switch is defaulted appropriately using the SMTP
709: search\-list mechanism.
710: The \fIwhom\fR command understands the last three switches.
711:
712: .+c "CONFIGURATION OPTIONS"
713: .pp
714: This manual was generated with the following configuration options in
715: effect:
716: .sp 2
717: .hl
718: .nf
719: .in +1.25i
720: .ta \w'BBoards Home Directory 'u
721: ^Generation Date~^\*(td
722: ^Primary Directory~^/usr/new/mh/
723: ^Secondary Directory~^/usr/new/lib/mh/
724: ^Maildrop Location~^/usr/spool/mail/$USER
725: ^Transport System~^SendMail \*(SM
726: .re
727: .in -1.5i
728: .fi
729: .hl
730: .\" table of contents
731: .he ''''
732: .fo ''''
733: .bp
734: .ce
735: .b \\s12CONTENTS\\s0
736: .sp 3
737: .xp y
738: .xp x
739: .bp
740: .\" And now the COVER sheet
741: .po +.325i
742: .ll 32P
743: .nf
744:
745: .sp 1.5in
746: .ps 24
747: .vs 32
748: .ft B
749: .ce 4
750: THE RAND MH
751: MESSAGE HANDLING
752: SYSTEM:
753: ADMINISTRATOR'S GUIDE
754: .ft R
755: .sp .8i
756: .ps 20
757: .vs 24
758: .ce
759: UCI Version
760: .sp 0.7i
761: .ce 2
762: Marshall T. Rose
763: .sp 0.5i
764: .ft I
765: .ce 3
766: First Edition:
767: MH Classic
768: \s-2(Not to be confused with a well\-known soft drink)\s+2
769: .ft R
770: .vs
771: .sp 1i
772: .ps 18
773: .vs 22
774: .ce 2
775: \*(td
776: \*(MH
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