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11: ..
12: .TH READNEWS 1 "January 17, 1986"
13: .ds ]W Version B 2.10.3
14: .SH NAME
15: readnews \- read news articles
16: .SH SYNOPSIS
17: .BR readnews " ["
18: .BI \-a " date"
19: ] [
20: .BI \-n " newsgroups"
21: ] [
22: .BI \-t " titles"
23: ] [
24: .BR \-leprxhfuM " ] ["
25: .BR \-c " ["
26: .IR mailer " ] ]"
27: .PP
28: .B "readnews \-s"
29: .SH DESCRIPTION
30: .I Readnews
31: without argument prints unread articles.
32: There are several interfaces available other than the default:
33: .TP 10
34: Flag
35: Interface
36: .TP 10
37: .B \-M
38: An interface to
39: .IR mailx (1).
40: .TP 10
41: .B \-c
42: A
43: .IR binmail (1)\-like
44: interface.
45: .TP 10
46: .BI "\-c " ``mailer''
47: All selected articles written to a temporary file. Then the mailer is
48: invoked. The name of the temporary file is referenced with a
49: .Ch % .
50: Thus, ``mail \-f %'' will invoke mail on a temporary file consisting of all
51: selected messages.
52: .TP 10
53: .B \-p
54: All selected articles are sent to the standard output. No questions asked.
55: .TP 10
56: .B \-l
57: Only the titles output. The
58: .I .newsrc
59: file will not be updated.
60: .TP 10
61: .B \-e
62: Like
63: .B \-l
64: but also updates the
65: .I .newsrc
66: file.
67: .LP
68: The
69: .B \-r
70: flag causes the articles to be printed in reverse order. The
71: .B \-f
72: flag prevents any followup articles from being printed. The
73: .B \-h
74: flag causes articles to be printed in a less verbose format,
75: and is intended for terminals running at 300 baud.
76: The
77: .B \-u
78: flag causes the
79: .I .newsrc
80: file to be updated every 5 minutes,
81: in case of an unreliable system.
82: (Note that if the
83: .I .newsrc
84: file is updated,
85: the
86: .B x
87: command will not restore it to its original contents.)
88: .PP
89: The following flags determine the selection of articles.
90: .TP 10
91: .BI "\-n " newsgroups
92: Select all articles that belong to
93: .I newsgroups.
94: .TP 10
95: .BI "\-t " titles
96: Select all articles whose titles contain one of the strings specified by
97: .IR titles \&.
98: .TP 10
99: .BI "\-a " "\fR[\fP date \fR]\fP"
100: Select all articles that were posted past the given
101: .I date
102: (in
103: .IR getdate (3)
104: format).
105: .TP 10
106: .B \-x
107: Ignore
108: .I .newsrc
109: file. That is, select articles that have already been read as well as new ones.
110: .PP
111: .I Readnews
112: maintains a
113: .I .newsrc
114: file in the user's home directory that specifies all news articles
115: already read. It is updated at the end of each reading session in
116: which the
117: .BR \-x " or " \-l
118: options weren't specified.
119: If the environment variable
120: .B NEWSRC
121: is present, it should be the path
122: name of a file to be used in place of
123: .IR .newsrc \&.
124: .PP
125: If the user wishes, an options line may be placed in the
126: .I .newsrc
127: file.
128: This line starts with the word
129: .B options
130: (left justified) followed by the list of standard options just as
131: they would be typed on the command line. Such a list may include:
132: the
133: .B \-n
134: flag along with a newsgroup list; a favorite interface; and/or
135: the
136: .B \-r
137: or
138: .B \-t
139: flag. Continuation lines are specified by following lines
140: beginning with a space or tab character.
141: Similarly, options can be specified in the
142: .B NEWSOPTS
143: environment parameter. Where conflicts exist, option on the command
144: line take precedence, followed by the
145: .I .newsrc
146: .B options
147: line, and lastly the
148: .B NEWSOPTS
149: parameter.
150: .PP
151: You can use the
152: .B \-s
153: flag to print the newsgroup subscription list.
154: .PP
155: When the user uses the reply command of the default or
156: .IR binmail (1)
157: interfaces, the environment parameter
158: .B MAILER
159: will be used to determine
160: which mailer to use. The default is
161: .IR mail (1).
162: .PP
163: If the user so desires, he may specify a specific paging progam
164: for articles. The environment parameter
165: .B PAGER
166: should be set to
167: the paging program. The name of the article is referenced with
168: a
169: .Ch % ,
170: as in the
171: .B \-c
172: option. If no
173: .Ch %
174: is present, the article will be piped to the program.
175: Paging may be disabled by setting
176: .B PAGER
177: to a null value. By default, the pager is
178: .IR cat (1).
179: .SH "COMMANDS"
180: .PP
181: This section lists the commands you can type to the default and
182: .I binmail
183: interface prompts.
184: The default interface will suggest some common commands in brackets.
185: Just hitting return is the same as typing the first command.
186: For example, \*(Lq[ynq]\*(Rq means that the commands
187: .Ch y
188: (yes),
189: .Ch n
190: (no),
191: and
192: .Ch q
193: (quit) are common responses, and that
194: .Ch y
195: is the default.
196: .sp
197: .ta 2.5i
198: Command Meaning
199: .IP \fB\-\fP
200: Go back to last article.
201: This is a toggle, typing it twice returns you to the original article.
202: .IP \fB#\fP
203: Report the name and size of the newsgroup.
204: .IP \fB!\fP
205: Shell escape.
206: .IP "\fB<\fP\fImessage ID\fP\fB>\fP"
207: Look for a particular article.
208: (See
209: .I
210: Standard for Interchange of Usenet Messages
211: for a description of message ID's).
212: .IP \fBb\fP
213: Back. Back up one article.
214: .IP \fBc\fP
215: Cancel the article. Only the author or the super user can do this.
216: .IP \fBd\fP
217: Read a digest. Breaks up a digest into separate articles
218: and permits you to read and reply to each piece.
219: .IP \fBD\fP [\fInumber\fP]
220: Decrypt. Invokes a Caesar decoding program on the body of the message.
221: This is used to decrypt rotated jokes posted to
222: .BR net.jokes .
223: Such jokes are usually obscene or otherwise offensive to some
224: groups of people, and so are rotated to avoid accidental
225: decryption by people who would be offended.
226: The title of the joke should indicate the nature of the problem,
227: enabling people to decide whether to decrypt it or not.
228: .IP
229: An explicit
230: .I number
231: rotation (usually 13) may be given to force a particular shift.
232: .IP \fBe\fP
233: Erase. Forget that this article was read.
234: .IP "\fBf\fP [\fItitle\fP]"
235: Submit a follow up article.
236: Normally you should leave off the title, since the system will generate
237: one for you.
238: You will be placed in your
239: .B EDITOR
240: to compose the text of the followup.
241: .IP "\fBfd\fP"
242: Followup directly, without edited headers. This is like
243: .BR f ,
244: but the headers of the article are not included in the editor buffer.
245: .IP \fBh\fP
246: Header. Print a more verbose header.
247: .IP \fBH\fP
248: Print a very verbose header, containing all known information
249: about the article.
250: .IP \fBK\fP
251: Kill. Mark all remaining articles in this newsgroup as read
252: and skip to the next newsgroup.
253: .IP \fBn\fP
254: No. Goes on to next article without printing current one.
255: In the
256: .I binmail
257: interface, this means \*(Lqgo on to the next article\*(Rq,
258: which will have the same effect as
259: .B y
260: or just hitting return.
261: .IP "\fBN\fP [\fInewsgroup\fP]"
262: Next Newsgroup.
263: Go to the next newsgroup or named newsgroup.
264: .IP \fBp\fP
265: Print. Reprint previous article.
266: .IP \fBP\fP
267: Previous Newsgroup. Go back to previous newsgroup.
268: .IP \fBq\fP
269: Quit. The
270: .I .newsrc
271: file will be updated if
272: .B \-l
273: or
274: .B \-x
275: were not on the command line.
276: .IP r
277: Reply. Reply to article's author via
278: .IR mail \&.
279: You are placed in your
280: .B EDITOR
281: (by default
282: .IR vi (1))
283: with a header specifying
284: \&\*(LqTo\*(Rq, \*(LqSubject\*(Rq, and \*(LqReferences\*(Rq
285: lines taken from the message.
286: You may change or add headers, as appropriate.
287: You add the text of the reply after the blank line, and then exit
288: the editor. The resulting message is mailed to the author of the article.
289: .IP \fBrd\fP
290: Reply directly.
291: You are placed in
292: .B MAILER
293: .RI ( mail
294: by default) in reply to the author.
295: Type the text of the reply and then control-D.
296: .IP "\fBs\fP [\fIfile\fP]"
297: Save. The article is appended to the named file.
298: The default is
299: .IR Articles \&.
300: If the first character of the file name is
301: .Ch | ,
302: the rest of the file name is taken as the name of a program,
303: which is executed with the text of the article as standard input.
304: If the first character of the file name is
305: .Ch / ,
306: it is
307: taken as a full path name of a file.
308: If
309: .B NEWSBOX
310: (in the environment) is set to a full path name,
311: and the file contains no
312: .Ch / ,
313: the file is saved in
314: .BR NEWSBOX .
315: Otherwise, it is saved relative to
316: .BR HOME .
317: .IP \fBU\fP
318: Unsubscribe from this newsgroup. Also goes on to the next newsgroup.
319: .IP \fBv\fP
320: Print the current version of the news software.
321: .IP \fBw\fP
322: Same as
323: .BR s .
324: .IP \fBx\fP
325: Exit. Like quit except that
326: .I .newsrc
327: is not updated.
328: .IP "\fBX\fP \fIsystem\fP"
329: Transmit article to the named system.
330: .IP \fBy\fP
331: Yes. Prints current article and goes on to next.
332: .IP \fInumber\fP
333: Go to \fInumber\fP.
334: .IP \fB+\fP[\fIn\fP]
335: Skip
336: .I n
337: articles.
338: The articles skipped are recorded as ``unread'' and will be
339: offered to you again the next time you read news.
340: .PP
341: The commands
342: .BR c ,
343: .BR f ,
344: .BR fd ,
345: .BR r ,
346: .BR rd ,
347: .BR e ,
348: .BR h ,
349: .BR H ,
350: and
351: .B s
352: can be followed by
353: .BR \- 's
354: to refer to the previous article.
355: Thus, when replying to an article using the default interface,
356: you should normally type
357: .B r\-
358: (or
359: .BR re- )
360: since by the time you enter
361: a command, you are being offered the next article.
362: .SH EXAMPLES
363: .TP 10
364: .B readnews
365: Read all unread articles using the default interface. The
366: .I .newsrc
367: file is updated at the end of the session.
368: .TP 10
369: .B readnews \-c ``ed %'' \-l
370: Invoke the
371: .IR ed (1)
372: text editor on a file containing the titles of all unread articles. The
373: .I .newsrc
374: file is
375: .B not
376: updated at the end of the session.
377: .TP 10
378: .B readnews \-n all !fa.all \-M \-r
379: Read all unread articles except articles whose newsgroups begin with
380: .B fa.
381: via
382: .I mailx
383: in reverse order. The
384: .I .newsrc
385: file is updated at the end of the session.
386: .TP 10
387: .B "readnews \-p \-n all \-a last thursday"
388: Print every unread article since last Thursday. The
389: .I .newsrc
390: file is
391: updated at the end of the session.
392: .TP 10
393: .B "readnews \-p > /dev/null &"
394: Discard all unread news.
395: This is useful after returning from a long trip.
396: .SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
397: .IP \fBEDITOR\fP
398: Editor invoked by
399: .B f
400: command. (Default is
401: .IR /usr/ucb/vi .)
402: .IP \fBMAILER\fP
403: Mailing program invoked by the
404: .B r
405: command. (Default is
406: .IR /bin/mail .)
407: .IP \fBNAME\fP
408: Your full name used in header of articles posted by you. (Default is
409: the comments field of your id in
410: .IR /etc/passwd .)
411: .IP \fBNEWSBOX\fP
412: File or directory where articles saved with the
413: .B s
414: command are stored.
415: (Default is same as
416: .BR HOME .)
417: .IP \fBNEWSOPTS\fP
418: Options for \fIreadnews\fR.
419: .IP \fBORGANIZATION\fP
420: Full name of this site used header of articles posted by you.
421: .IP \fBPAGER\fP
422: Paging program invoked by articles with more than 16 lines. (Default
423: is
424: .IR /usr/ucb/more .)
425: .IP \fBSHELL\fP
426: The shell invoked by the
427: .B !
428: command. (Default is
429: .IR /bin/sh .)
430: .SH FILES
431: .PD 0
432: .TP 25
433: .RI /usr/spool/news/ newsgroup / number
434: News articles
435: .TP 25
436: /usr/lib/news/active
437: Active newsgroups and numbers of articles
438: .TP 25
439: /usr/lib/news/help
440: Help file for default interface
441: .TP 25
442: ~/.newsrc
443: Options and list of previously read articles
444: .PD
445: .SH SEE ALSO
446: binmail(1),
447: checknews(1),
448: inews(1),
449: mail(1),
450: mailx(1),
451: news(5),
452: newsrc(5)
453: postnews(1),
454: vnews(1),
455: getdate(3),
456: news(5),
457: newsrc(5),
458: expire(8),
459: recnews(8),
460: sendnews(8),
461: uurec(8)
462: .br
463: .I
464: How to Read the Network News
465: by Mark Horton.
466: .br
467: .I
468: Standard for Interchange of Usenet Messages
469: by Mark Horton.
470: .SH AUTHORS
471: Matt Glickman
472: .br
473: Mark Horton
474: .br
475: Stephen Daniel
476: .br
477: Tom R. Truscott
478:
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