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1.1 root 1: ''' $Header: rn.1,v 4.3.1.5 85/09/10 11:05:55 lwall Exp $
2: '''
3: ''' $Log: rn.1,v $
4: ''' Revision 4.3.1.5 85/09/10 11:05:55 lwall
5: ''' Improved %m in in_char().
6: '''
7: ''' Revision 4.3.1.4 85/07/23 18:26:40 lwall
8: ''' Added MAILCALL.
9: '''
10: ''' Revision 4.3.1.3 85/05/23 17:14:14 lwall
11: ''' Now allows 'r' and 'f' on null articles.
12: '''
13: ''' Revision 4.3.1.2 85/05/13 09:27:53 lwall
14: ''' Added CUSTOMLINES option.
15: '''
16: ''' Revision 4.3.1.1 85/05/10 11:38:22 lwall
17: ''' Branch for patches.
18: '''
19: ''' Revision 4.3 85/05/01 11:48:26 lwall
20: ''' Baseline for release with 4.3bsd.
21: '''
22: '''
23: .de Sh
24: .br
25: .ne 5
26: .PP
27: \fB\\$1\fR
28: .PP
29: ..
30: .de Sp
31: .if t .sp .5v
32: .if n .sp
33: ..
34: .de Ip
35: .br
36: .ie \\n.$>=3 .ne \\$3
37: .el .ne 3
38: .IP "\\$1" \\$2
39: ..
40: '''
41: ''' Set up \*(-- to give an unbreakable dash;
42: ''' string Tr holds user defined translation string.
43: ''' Bell System Logo is used as a dummy character.
44: '''
45: .tr \(bs-|\(bv\*(Tr
46: .ie n \{\
47: .ds -- \(bs-
48: .if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(bs\h'-12u'\(bs\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch
49: .if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(bs\h'-12u'\(bs\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch
50: .ds L" ""
51: .ds R" ""
52: .ds L' '
53: .ds R' '
54: 'br\}
55: .el\{\
56: .ds -- \(em\|
57: .tr \*(Tr
58: .ds L" ``
59: .ds R" ''
60: .ds L' `
61: .ds R' '
62: 'br\}
63: .TH RN 1 LOCAL
64: .SH NAME
65: rn - new read news program
66: .SH SYNOPSIS
67: .B rn [options] [newsgroups]
68: .SH DESCRIPTION
69: .I Rn
70: is a replacement for the readnews(1) program that was written to be as
71: efficient as possible, particularly in human interaction.
72: .I Rn
73: attempts to minimize the amount of \*(L"dead\*(R" time spent reading
74: news\*(--it tries to get things done while the user is reading or deciding
75: whether to read, and attempts to get useful information onto the screen as
76: soon as possible, highlighting spots that the eye makes frequent reference
77: to, like subjects and previously read lines.
78: Whether or not it's faster, it SEEMS faster.
79: .PP
80: If no newsgroups are specified, all the newsgroups which have unread news
81: are displayed, and then the user is asked for each one whether he wants to
82: read it, in the order in which the newsgroups occur in the
83: .I .newsrc
84: file.
85: With a list of newsgroups,
86: .I rn
87: will start up in \*(L"add\*(R" mode, using the list as a set of patterns to
88: add new newsgroups and restrict which newsgroups are displayed.
89: See the discussion of the \*(L'a\*(R' command on the newsgroup selection
90: level.
91: .PP
92: .I Rn
93: operates on three levels: the newsgroup selection level, the article
94: selection level, and the paging level.
95: Each level has its own set of commands, and its own help menu.
96: At the paging level (the bottom level),
97: .I rn
98: behaves much like the
99: .IR more (1)
100: program.
101: At the article selection level, you may specify which article you want
102: next, or read them in the default order, which is either in order of
103: arrival on your system, or by subject threads.
104: At the newsgroup selection level (the top level), you may specify which
105: newsgroup you want next, or read them in the default order, which is the
106: order that the newsgroups occur in your
107: .I .newsrc
108: file.
109: (You will therefore want to rearrange your
110: .I .newsrc
111: file to put the most interesting newsgroups first.
112: This can be done with the \*(L'm\*(R' command on the Newsgroup Selection level.
113: WARNING: invoking readnews/vnews (the old user interface) in any way (including
114: as a news checker in your login sequence!) will cause your
115: .I .newsrc
116: to be disarranged again.)
117: .PP
118: On any level, at ANY prompt, an \*(L'h\*(R' may be typed for a list of
119: available commands.
120: This is probably the most important command to remember, so don't you
121: forget it.
122: Typing space to any question means to do the normal thing.
123: You will know what that is because
124: every prompt has a list of several plausible commands enclosed in
125: square brackets.
126: The first command in the list is the one which will be done if you type
127: a space.
128: (All input is done in cbreak mode, so carriage returns should not be typed
129: to terminate anything except certain multi-character commands.
130: Those commands will be obvious in the discussion below because they take an
131: argument.)
132: .PP
133: Upon startup,
134: .I rn
135: will do several things:
136: .Ip 1. 4
137: It will look for your
138: .I .newsrc
139: file, which is your list of subscribed-to
140: newsgroups.
141: If
142: .I rn
143: doesn't find a
144: .IR .newsrc ,
145: it will create one.
146: If it does find one, it will back it up under the name \*(L".oldnewsrc\*(R".
147: .Ip 2. 4
148: It will input your
149: .I .newsrc
150: file, listing out the first several newsgroups
151: with unread news.
152: .Ip 3. 4
153: It will perform certain consistency checks on your
154: .IR .newsrc .
155: If your
156: .I .newsrc
157: is out of date in any of several ways,
158: .I rn
159: will warn you and patch it up for you, but you may have to wait a little
160: longer for it to start up.
161: .Ip 4. 4
162: .I Rn
163: will next check to see if any new newsgroups have been created, and give
164: you the opportunity to add them to your
165: .IR .newsrc .
166: .Ip 5. 4
167: .I Rn
168: goes into the top prompt level\*(--the newsgroup selection level.
169: .Sh "Newsgroup Selection Level"
170: In this section the words \*(L"next\*(R" and \*(L"previous\*(R" refer to
171: the ordering of the newsgroups in your
172: .I .newsrc
173: file.
174: On the newsgroup selection level, the prompt looks like this:
175: .Sp
176: ******** 17 unread articles in net.blurfl\*(--read now? [ynq]
177: .Sp
178: and the following commands may be given at this level:
179: .Ip y,SP 8
180: Do this newsgroup now.
181: .Ip .command 8
182: Do this newsgroup now, but execute
183: .I command
184: before displaying anything.
185: The command will be interpreted as if given on the article selection level.
186: .Ip = 8
187: Do this newsgroup now, but list subjects before displaying articles.
188: .Ip n 8
189: Go to the next newsgroup with unread news.
190: .Ip N 8
191: Go to the next newsgroup.
192: .Ip p 8
193: Go to the previous newsgroup with unread news.
194: If there is none, stay at the current newsgroup.
195: .Ip P 8
196: Go to the previous newsgroup.
197: .Ip \- 8
198: Go to the previously displayed newsgroup (regardless of whether it is
199: before or after the current one in the list).
200: .Ip 1 8
201: Go to the first newsgroup.
202: .Ip ^ 8
203: Go to the first newsgroup with unread news.
204: .Ip $ 8
205: Go to the end of the newsgroups list.
206: .Ip "g newsgroup" 8
207: Go to
208: .IR newsgroup .
209: If it isn't currently subscribed to, you will be asked if you want to
210: subscribe.
211: .Ip "/pattern" 8
212: Scan forward for a newsgroup matching
213: .IR pattern .
214: Patterns do globbing like filenames, i.e., use ? to match a single
215: character, * to match any sequence of characters, and [] to specify a list
216: of characters to match.
217: (\*(L"all\*(R" may be used as a synonym for \*(L"*\*(R".)
218: Unlike normal filename globbing, newsgroup searching is not anchored to
219: the front and back of the filename, i.e. \*(L"/jok\*(R" will find
220: net.jokes.
221: You may use ^ or $ to anchor the front or back of the search:
222: \*(L"/^test$\*(R" will find newsgroup test and nothing else
223: If you want to include newsgroups with 0 unread articles, append /r.
224: If the newsgroup is not found between the current newsgroup and the last
225: newsgroup, the search will wrap around to the beginning.
226: .Ip "?pattern" 8
227: Same as /, but search backwards.
228: .Ip u 8
229: Unsubscribe from current newsgroup.
230: .Ip "l string" 8
231: List newsgroups not subscribed to which contain the string specified.
232: .Ip L 8 13v
233: Lists the current state of the
234: .IR .newsrc ,
235: along with status information.
236: .Sp
237: .nf
238: \h'|0.5i'Status \h'|2i'Meaning
239: \h'|0.5i'<number> \h'|2i'Count of unread articles in newsgroup.
240: \h'|0.5i'READ \h'|2i'No unread articles in newsgroup.
241: \h'|0.5i'UNSUB \h'|2i'Unsubscribed newsgroup.
242: \h'|0.5i'BOGUS \h'|2i'Bogus newsgroup.
243: \h'|0.5i'JUNK \h'|2i'Ignored line in .newsrc
244: \h'|2i'(e.g. readnews \*(L"options\*(R" line).
245: .fi
246: .Sp
247: (A bogus newsgroup is one that is not in the list of active newsgroups
248: in the active file, which on most systems is /usr/lib/news/active.)
249: .Ip "m name" 8
250: Move the named newsgroup somewhere else in the
251: .IR .newsrc .
252: If no name is given, the current newsgroup is moved.
253: There are a number of ways to specify where you want the newsgroup\*(--type
254: h for help when it asks where you want to put it.
255: .Ip c 8
256: Catch up\*(--mark all unread articles in this newsgroup as read.
257: .Ip "o pattern" 8
258: Only display those newsgroups whose name matches
259: .IR pattern .
260: Patterns are the same as for the \*(L'/\*(R' command.
261: Multiple patterns may be separated by spaces, just as on the
262: command line.
263: The restriction will remain in effect either until there are no articles
264: left in the restricted set of newsgroups, or another restriction command
265: is given.
266: Since
267: .I pattern
268: is optional, \*(L'o\*(R' by itself will remove the
269: restriction.
270: .Ip "a pattern" 8
271: Add new newsgroups matching
272: .IR pattern .
273: Newsgroups which are already in your
274: .I .newsrc
275: file, whether subscribed to or
276: not, will not be listed.
277: If any new newsgroups are found, you will be asked for each one whether
278: you would like to add it.
279: After any new newsgroups have been added, the \*(L'a\*(R' command also
280: restricts the current set of newsgroups just like the \*(L'o\*(R' command
281: does.
282: .Ip & 8
283: Print out the current status of command line switches and any newsgroup
284: restrictions.
285: .Ip "&switch {switch}" 8
286: Set additional command line switches.
287: .Ip && 8
288: Print out the current macro definitions.
289: .Ip "&&keys commands" 8
290: Define additional macros.
291: .Ip !command 8
292: Escape to a subshell.
293: One exclamation mark (!) leaves you in your own news directory.
294: A double exclamation mark (!!) leaves you in the spool
295: directory for news, which on most systems is /usr/spool/news.
296: The environment variable SHELL will be used if defined.
297: If
298: .I command
299: is null, an interactive shell is started.
300: .Ip q 8
301: Quit.
302: .Ip x 8
303: Quit, restoring .newsrc to its state at startup of
304: .IR rn .
305: The .newsrc you would have had if you had exited with \*(L'q\*(R' will be
306: called .newnewsrc, in case you didn't really want to type \*(L'x\*(R'.
307: .Ip ^K 8
308: Edit the global KILL file.
309: This is a file which contains /pattern/j commands (one per line) to be
310: applied to every newsgroup as it is started up, that is, when it is
311: selected on the newsgroup selection level.
312: The purpose of a KILL file is to mark articles as read on the basis of some
313: set of patterns.
314: This saves considerable wear and tear on your \*(L'n\*(R' key.
315: There is also a local KILL file for each newsgroup.
316: Because of the overhead involved in searching for articles to kill, it is
317: better if possible to use a local KILL file.
318: Local KILL files are edited with a \*(L'^K\*(R' on the article selection level.
319: There are also automatic ways of adding search commands to the local KILL
320: file\*(--see the \*(L'K\*(R' command and the K search modifier on the
321: article selection level.
322: .Sp
323: If either of the environment variables VISUAL or EDITOR is set, the
324: specified editor will be invoked; otherwise a default editor (normally vi(1))
325: is invoked on the KILL file.
326: .Sh "Article Selection Level"
327: On the article selection level,
328: .I rn
329: selects (by default) unread articles in numerical order (the order in which
330: articles have arrived at your site).
331: If you do a subject search (^N), the default order is modified to be
332: numerical order within each subject thread.
333: You may switch back and forth between numerical order and subject thread
334: order at will.
335: The
336: .B \-S
337: switch can be used to make subject search mode the default.
338: .Sp
339: On the article selection level you are
340: .I not
341: asked whether you want to read an article before the article is displayed;
342: rather,
343: .I rn
344: simply displays the first page (or portion of a page, at low baud rates) of the
345: article and asks if you want to continue.
346: The normal article selection prompt comes at the END of the article
347: (though article selection commands can be given from within the middle
348: of the article (the pager level) also).
349: The prompt at the end of an article looks like this:
350: .Sp
351: End of article 248 (of 257)\*(--what next? [npq]
352: .Sp
353: The following are the options at this point:
354: .Ip n,SP 8
355: Scan forward for next unread article.
356: (Note: the \*(L'n\*(R' (next) command when typed at the end of an article
357: does not mark the article as read, since an article is automaticaly marked
358: as read after the last line of it is printed.
359: It is therefore possible to type a sequence such as \*(L'mn\*(R' and leave
360: the article marked as unread.
361: The fact that an article is marked as read by typing \*(L'n\*(R',
362: \&\*(L'N\*(R', \*(L'^N\*(R', \*(L's\*(R', or \*(L'S\*(R' within the MIDDLE of
363: the article is in fact a special case.)
364: .Ip N 8
365: Go to the next article.
366: .Ip ^N 8
367: Scan forward for the next article with the same subject, and make ^N default
368: (subject search mode).
369: .Ip p 8
370: Scan backward for previous unread article.
371: If there is none, stay at the current article.
372: .Ip P 8
373: Go to the previous article.
374: .Ip \- 8
375: Go to the previously displayed article (regardless of whether that article
376: is before or after this article in the normal sequence).
377: .Ip ^P 8
378: Scan backward for the previous article with the same subject, and make
379: ^N default (subject search mode).
380: .Ip ^R 8
381: Restart the current article.
382: .Ip v 8
383: Restart the current article verbosely, displaying the entire header.
384: .Ip ^L 8
385: Refresh the screen.
386: .Ip ^X 8
387: Restart the current article, and decrypt as a rot13 message.
388: .Ip X 8
389: Refresh the screen, and decrypt as a rot13 message.
390: .Ip b 8
391: Back up one page.
392: .Ip q 8
393: Quit this newsgroup and go back to the newsgroup selection level.
394: .Ip ^ 8
395: Go to the first unread article.
396: .Ip $ 8
397: Go to the last article (actually, one past the last article).
398: .Ip "number" 8
399: Go to the numbered article.
400: .Ip "range{,range} command{:command}" 8
401: Apply a set of commands to a set of articles.
402: A range consists of either <article number> or
403: <article\ number>\-<article\ number>.
404: A dot \*(L'.\*(R' represents the current article, and a dollar
405: sign \*(L'$\*(R' represents the last article.
406: .Sp
407: Applicable commands include \*(L'm\*(R' (mark as unread), \*(L'M\*(R'
408: (delayed mark as unread), \*(L'j\*(R' (mark as read), \*(L"s dest\*(R"
409: (save to a destination), \*(L"!command\*(R" (shell escape), \*(L"=\*(R"
410: (print the subject) and \*(L"C\*(R" (cancel).
411: .Ip j 8
412: Junk the current article\*(--mark it as read.
413: If this command is used from within an article, you are left at the end of
414: the article, unlike \*(L'n\*(R', which looks for the next article.
415: .Ip m 8
416: Mark the current article as still unread.
417: (If you are in subject search mode you probably want to use M instead of m.
418: Otherwise the current article may be selected as the beginning of the next
419: subject thread.)
420: .Ip M 8
421: Mark the current article as still unread, but not until the newsgroup
422: is exited.
423: Until then, the current article will be marked as read.
424: This is useful for returning to an article in another session, or in another
425: newsgroup.
426: .Ip /pattern 8
427: Scan forward for article containing
428: .I pattern
429: in the subject.
430: See the section on Regular Expressions.
431: Together with the escape substitution facility described later, it becomes
432: easy to search for various attributes of the current article, such as
433: subject, article ID, author name, etc.
434: The previous pattern can be recalled with \*(L"<esc>/\*(R".
435: If
436: .I pattern
437: is omitted, the previous pattern is assumed.
438: .Ip /pattern/h 8
439: Scan forward for article containing
440: .I pattern
441: in the header.
442: .Ip /pattern/a 8
443: Scan forward for article containing
444: .I pattern
445: anywhere in article.
446: .Ip /pattern/r 8
447: Scan read articles also.
448: .Ip /pattern/c 8
449: Make search case sensitive.
450: Ordinarily upper and lower case are considered the same.
451: .Ip "/pattern/modifiers:command{:command}" 8
452: Apply the commands listed to articles matching the search command (possibly
453: with h, a, or r modifiers).
454: Applicable commands include \*(L'm\*(R' (mark as unread), \*(L'M\*(R'
455: (delayed mark as unread), \*(L'j\*(R' (mark as read), \*(L"s dest\*(R"
456: (save to a destination), \*(L"!command\*(R" (shell escape), \*(L"=\*(R"
457: (print the subject) and \*(L"C\*(R" (cancel).
458: If the first command is \*(L'm\*(R' or \*(L'M\*(R', modifier r is assumed.
459: A K may be included in the modifiers (not the commands) to cause the
460: entire command (sans K) to be saved to the local KILL file, where it will
461: be applied to every article that shows up in the newsgroup.
462: .Sp
463: For example, to save all articles in a given newsgroup to the line printer
464: and mark them read, use \*(L"/^/\||\|lpr:j\*(R".
465: If you say \*(L"/^/K\||\|lpr:j\*(R", this will happen every time you enter the
466: newsgroup.
467: .Ip ?pattern 8
468: Scan backward for article containing
469: .I pattern
470: in the subject.
471: May be modified as the forward search is: ?pattern?modifiers[:commands].
472: It is likely that you will want an r modifier when scanning backward.
473: .Ip k 8
474: Mark as read all articles with the same subject as the current article.
475: (Note: there is no single character command to temporarily mark as read (M
476: command) articles matching the current subject.
477: That can be done with \*(L"/<esc>s/M\*(R", however.)
478: .Ip K 8
479: Do the same as the k command, but also add a line to the local KILL file for
480: this newsgroup to kill this subject every time the newsgroup is started up.
481: For a discussion of KILL files, see the \*(L'^K\*(R' command below.
482: See also the K modifier on searches above.
483: .Ip ^K 8
484: Edit the local KILL file for this newsgroup.
485: Each line of the KILL file should be a command of the form /pattern/j.
486: (With the exception that
487: .I rn
488: will insert a line at the beginning of the form \*(L"THRU <number>\*(R",
489: which tells
490: .I rn
491: the maximum article number that the KILL file has been applied to. You
492: may delete the THRU line to force a rescan of current articles.)
493: You may also have reason to use the m, h, or a modifiers.
494: Be careful with the M modifier in a kill file\*(--there are more efficient
495: ways to never read an article.
496: You might have reason to use it if a particular series of articles is posted
497: to multiple newsgroups.
498: In this case, M would force you to view the article in a different newsgroup.
499: .Sp
500: To see only newgroup articles in the control newsgroup, for instance, you
501: might put
502: .Sp
503: /^/j
504: .br
505: /newgroup/m
506: .Sp
507: which kills all subjects not containing \*(L"newgroup\*(R".
508: You can add lines automatically via the K command and K search modifiers,
509: but editing is the only way to remove lines.
510: If either of the environment variables VISUAL or EDITOR is set, the
511: specified editor will be invoked; otherwise a default editor (normally vi)
512: is invoked on the KILL file.
513: .Sp
514: The KILL file may also contain switch setting lines beginning with \*(L'&\*(R'.
515: Additionally, any line beginning with \*(L'X\*(R' is executed on exit
516: from the newsgroup rather than on entrance.
517: This can be used to set switches back to a default value.
518: .Ip r 8
519: Reply through net mail.
520: The environment variables MAILPOSTER and MAILHEADER may be used to modify
521: the mailing behavior of
522: .I rn
523: (see environment section).
524: If on a nonexistent article such as the "End of newsgroup" pseudo-article
525: (which you can get to with a \*(L'$\*(R' command), invokes the mailer to
526: nobody in particular.
527: .Ip R 8
528: Reply, including the current article in the header file generated.
529: (See \*(L'F\*(R' command below).
530: The YOUSAID environment variable controls the format of the attribution line.
531: .Ip f 8
532: Submit a followup article.
533: If on a nonexistent article such as the "End of newsgroup" pseudo-article
534: (which you can get to with a \*(L'$\*(R' command), posts an original
535: article (basenote).
536: .Ip F 8
537: Submit a followup article, and include the old article, with lines prefixed
538: either by \*(L">\*(R" or by the argument to a
539: .B \-F
540: switch.
541: .I Rn
542: will attempt to provide an attribution line in front of the quoted article,
543: generated from the From: line of the article.
544: Unfortunately, the From: line doesn't always contain the right name; you
545: should double check it against the signature and change it if necessary,
546: or you may have to apologize for quoting the wrong person.
547: The environment variables NEWSPOSTER, NEWSHEADER and ATTRIBUTION may be
548: used to modify the posting behavior of
549: .I rn
550: (see environment section).
551: .Ip C 8
552: Cancel the current article, but only if you are the contributor or superuser.
553: .Ip c 8
554: Catch up in this newsgroup; i.e., mark all articles as read.
555: .Ip u 8
556: Unsubscribe to this newsgroup.
557: .Ip "s destination" 8
558: Save to a filename or pipe using sh.
559: If the first character of the destination is a vertical bar, the rest of
560: the command is considered a shell command to which the article is passed
561: through standard input.
562: The command is subject to filename expansion.
563: (See also the environment variable PIPESAVER.)
564: If the destination does not begin with a vertical bar, the rest of the
565: command is assumed to be a filename of some sort.
566: An initial tilde \*(L'~\*(R' will be translated to the name of the home
567: directory, and an initial environment variable substitution is also allowed.
568: If only a directory name is specified, the environment variable SAVENAME
569: is used to generate the actual name.
570: If only a filename is specified (i.e. no directory), the environment variable
571: SAVEDIR will be used to generate the actual directory.
572: If nothing is specified, then obviously both variables will be used.
573: Since the current directory for rn while doing a save command is your
574: private news directory, saying \*(L"s ./filename\*(R" will force the file
575: to your news directory.
576: Save commands are also run through % interpretation, so that you can
577: say \*(L"s %O/filename\*(R" to save to the directory you were in when you ran
578: .IR rn ,
579: and \*(L"s %t\*(R" to save to a filename consisting of the Internet address
580: of the sender.
581: .Sp
582: After generating the full pathname of the file to save to,
583: .I rn
584: determines if the file exists already, and if so, appends to it.
585: .I Rn
586: will attempt to determine if an existing file is a mailbox or a normal file,
587: and save the article in the same format.
588: If the output file does not yet exist,
589: .I rn
590: will by default ask you which format you want, or you can make it skip the
591: question with either the
592: .B \-M
593: or
594: .B \-N
595: switch.
596: If the article is to be saved in mailbox format, the command to do so is
597: generated from the environment variable MBOXSAVER.
598: Otherwise, NORMSAVER is used.
599: .Ip "S destination" 8
600: Save to a filename or pipe using a preferred shell, such as csh.
601: Which shell is used depends first on what you have the environment variable
602: SHELL set to, and in the absence of that, on what your news administrator
603: set for the preferred shell when he or she installed
604: .IR rn .
605: .Ip "| command" 8
606: Shorthand for \*(L"s | command\*(R".
607: .Ip "w destination" 8
608: The same as \*(L"s destination\*(R", but saves without the header.
609: .Ip "W destination" 8
610: The same as \*(L"S destination\*(R", but saves without the header.
611: .Ip & 8
612: Print out the current status of command line switches.
613: .Ip "&switch {switch}" 8
614: Set additional command line switches.
615: .Ip && 8
616: Print out current macro definitions.
617: .Ip "&&keys commands" 8
618: Define an additional macro.
619: .Ip !command 8
620: Escape to a subshell.
621: One exclamation mark (!) leaves you in your own news directory.
622: A double exclamation mark (!!) leaves you in the spool
623: directory of the current newsgroup.
624: The environment variable SHELL will be used if defined.
625: If
626: .I command
627: is null, an interactive shell is started.
628: .Sp
629: You can use escape key substitutions described later to get to many
630: run-time values.
631: The command is also run through % interpretation, in case it is being called
632: from a range or search command.
633: .Ip = 8
634: List subjects of unread articles.
635: .Ip # 8
636: Print last article number.
637: .Sh "Pager Level"
638: At the pager level (within an article), the prompt looks like this:
639: .Sp
640: \*(--MORE\*(--(17%)
641: .Sp
642: and a number of commands may be given:
643: .Ip SP 8
644: Display next page.
645: .Ip x 8
646: Display next page and decrypt as a rot13 message.
647: .Ip d,^D 8
648: Display half a page more.
649: .Ip CR 8
650: Display one more line.
651: .Ip q 8
652: Go to the end of the current article (don't mark it either read or unread).
653: Leaves you at the \*(L"What next?\*(R" prompt.
654: .Ip j 8
655: Junk the current article.
656: Mark it read and go to the end of the article.
657: .Ip ^L 8
658: Refresh the screen.
659: .Ip X 8
660: Refresh the screen and decrypt as a rot13 message.
661: .Ip b,^B 8
662: Back up one page.
663: .Ip gpattern 8
664: Goto (search forward for)
665: .I pattern
666: within current article.
667: Note that there is no space between the command and the pattern.
668: If the pattern is found, the page containing the pattern will be displayed.
669: Where on the page the line matching the pattern goes depends on the value
670: of the
671: .B \-g
672: switch.
673: By default the matched line goes at the top of the screen.
674: .Ip G 8
675: Search for g pattern again.
676: .Ip ^G 8
677: This is a special version of the \*(L'g\*(R' command that is for skipping
678: articles in a digest.
679: It is equivalent to setting \*(L"\-g4\*(R" and then executing the command
680: \*(L"g^Subject:\*(R".
681: .Ip TAB 8
682: This is another special version of the \*(L'g\*(R' command that is for
683: skipping inclusions of older articles.
684: It is equivalent to setting \*(L"\-g4\*(R" and then executing the command
685: \*(L"g^[^c]\*(R", where \fIc\fR is the first character of the last line
686: on the screen.
687: It searches for the first line that doesn't begin with the same character
688: as the last line on the screen.
689: .Ip !command 8
690: Escape to a subshell.
691: .PP
692: The following commands skip the rest of the current article, then behave just
693: as if typed to the \*(L"What next?\*(R" prompt at the end of the article.
694: See the documentation at the article selection level for these commands.
695: .Sp
696: # $ & / = ? c C f F k K ^K m M r R ^R u v Y ^
697: .br
698: number
699: .br
700: range{,range} command{:command}
701: .Sp
702: The following commands also skip to the end of the article, but have the
703: additional effect of marking the current article as read:
704: .Sp
705: n N ^N s S | w W
706: .Sp
707: .Sh "Miscellaneous facts about commands"
708: An \*(L'n\*(R' typed at either the \*(L"Last newsgroup\*(R" prompt or a
709: \*(L"Last article\*(R" prompt will cycle back to the top of the newsgroup
710: or article list, whereas a \*(L'q\*(R' will quit the level.
711: (Note that \*(L'n\*(R' does not mean \*(L"no\*(R", but rather
712: \*(L"next\*(R".)
713: A space will of course do whatever is shown as the
714: default, which will vary depending on whether rn thinks you have more
715: articles or newsgroups to read.
716: .PP
717: The \*(L'b\*(R' (backup page) command may be repeated until the beginning of
718: the article is reached.
719: If
720: .I rn
721: is suspended (via a ^Z), then when the job is resumed, a refresh (^L) will
722: automatically be done (Berkeley-type systems only).
723: If you type a command such as \*(L'!\*(R' or \*(L's\*(R' which takes you
724: from the middle of the article to the end, you can always get back into the
725: middle by typing \*(L'^L\*(R'.
726: .PP
727: In multi-character commands such as \*(L'!\*(R', \*(L's\*(R', \*(L'/\*(R',
728: etc, you can interpolate various run-time values by typing escape and a
729: character.
730: To find out what you can interpolate, type escape and \*(L'h\*(R', or check
731: out the single character % substitutions for environment variables in the
732: Interpretation and Interpolation section, which are the same.
733: Additionally, typing a double escape will cause any % substitutions in the
734: string already typed in to be expanded.
735: .Sh "Options"
736: .I Rn
737: has a nice set of options to allow you to tailor the interaction
738: to your liking.
739: (You might like to know that the author swears by \*(L"\-e \-m \-S \-/\*(R".)
740: These options may be set on the command line, via the RNINIT
741: environment variable, via a file pointed to by the RNINIT variable, or
742: from within rn via the & command.
743: Options may generally be unset by saying \*(L"+switch\*(R".
744: Options include:
745: .TP 5
746: .B \-c
747: checks for news without reading news.
748: If a list of newsgroups is given on the command line, only those newsgroups
749: will be checked; otherwise all subscribed-to newsgroups are checked.
750: Whenever the
751: .B \-c
752: switch is specified, a non-zero exit status from
753: .I rn
754: means that there is unread news in one of the checked newsgroups.
755: The
756: .B \-c
757: switch does not disable the printing of newsgroups with unread news;
758: this is controlled by the
759: .B \-s
760: switch.
761: (The
762: .B \-c
763: switch is not meaningful when given via the & command.)
764: .TP 5
765: .B \-C<number>
766: tells
767: .I rn
768: how often to checkpoint the
769: .IR .newsrc ,
770: in articles read.
771: Actually, this number says when to start thinking about doing a checkpoint
772: if the situation is right.
773: If a reasonable checkpointing situation doesn't arise within 10 more
774: articles, the
775: .I .newsrc
776: is checkpointed willy-nilly.
777: .TP 5
778: .B \-d<directory name>
779: sets the default save directory to something other than ~/News.
780: The directory name will be globbed (via csh) if necessary (and if possible).
781: Articles saved by
782: .I rn
783: may be placed in the save directory or in a subdirectory thereof depending
784: on the command that you give and the state of the environment variables
785: SAVEDIR and SAVENAME.
786: Any KILL files (see the K command in the Article Selection section)
787: also reside in this directory and its subdirectories, by default.
788: In addition, shell escapes leave you in this directory.
789: .TP 5
790: .B \-D<flags>
791: enables debugging output.
792: See common.h for flag values.
793: Warning: normally
794: .I rn
795: attempts to restore your
796: .I .newsrc
797: when an unexpected signal or internal error occurs.
798: This is disabled when any debugging flags are set.
799: .TP 5
800: .B \-e
801: causes each page within an article to be started at the top of the screen,
802: not just the first page.
803: (It is similar to the
804: .B \-c
805: switch of
806: .IR more (1).)
807: You never have to read scrolling text with this switch.
808: This is helpful especially at certain baud rates because you can start reading
809: the top of the next page without waiting for the whole page to be printed.
810: It works nicely in conjuction with the
811: .B \-m
812: switch, especially if you use half-intensity for your highlight mode.
813: See also the
814: .B \-L
815: switch.
816: .TP 5
817: .B \-E<name>=<val>
818: sets the environment variable <name> to the value specified.
819: Within
820: .IR rn ,
821: \*(L"&\-ESAVENAME=%t\*(R" is similar to \*(L"setenv SAVENAME '%t'\*(R" in
822: .IR csh ,
823: or \*(L"SAVENAME='%t'; export SAVENAME\*(R" in
824: .IR sh .
825: Any environment variables set with
826: .B \-E
827: will be inherited by subprocesses of
828: .IR rn .
829: .TP 5
830: .B \-F<string>
831: sets the prefix string for the \*(L'F\*(R' followup command to use in
832: prefixing each line of the quoted article.
833: For example, \*(L"\-F<tab>\*(R" inserts a tab on the front of each line
834: (which will cause long lines to wrap around, unfortunately),
835: \*(L"\-F>>>>\*(R" inserts \*(L">>>>\*(R" on every line, and
836: \*(L"\-F\*(R" by itself causes nothing to be inserted, in case you want to
837: reformat the text, for instance.
838: The initial default prefix is \*(L">\*(R".
839: .TP 5
840: .B \-g<line>
841: tells
842: .I rn
843: which line of the screen you want searched-for strings to show up on when
844: you search with the \*(L'g\*(R' command within an article.
845: The lines are numbered starting with 1.
846: The initial default is \*(L"\-g1\*(R", meaning the first line of the screen.
847: Setting the line to less than 1 or more than the number of lines on the screen
848: will set it to the last line of the screen.
849: .TP 5
850: .B \-h<string>
851: hides (disables the printing of) all header lines beginning with
852: .I string.
853: For instance, \-hexp will disable the printing of the \*(L"Expires:\*(R" line.
854: Case is insignificant.
855: If <string> is null, all header lines except Subject are hidden, and you
856: may then use
857: .B +h
858: to select those lines you want to see.
859: You may wish to use the baud-rate switch modifier below to hide more lines
860: at lower baud rates.
861: .TP 5
862: .B \-H<string>
863: works just like
864: .B \-h
865: except that instead of setting the hiding flag for a header line, it sets
866: the magic flag for that header line.
867: Certain header lines have magic behavior that can be controlled this way.
868: At present, the following actions are caused by the flag for the particular
869: line:
870: the Newsgroups line will only print when there are multiple newsgroups,
871: the Subject line will be underlined, and the Expires line will always be
872: suppressed if there is nothing on it.
873: In fact, all of these actions are the default, and you must use
874: .B +H
875: to undo them.
876: .TP 5
877: .B \-i=<number>
878: specifies how long (in lines) to consider the initial page of an
879: article\*(--normally this is determined automatically depending on baud rate.
880: (Note that an entire article header will always be printed regardless of the
881: specified initial page length.
882: If you are working at low baud rate and wish to reduce the size of the
883: headers, you may hide certain header lines with the
884: .B \(bsh
885: switch.)
886: .TP 5
887: .B \-l
888: disables the clearing of the screen at the beginning of each
889: article, in case you have a bizarre terminal.
890: .TP 5
891: .B \-L
892: tells
893: .I rn
894: to leave information on the screen as long as possible by not blanking
895: the screen between pages, and by using clear to end-of-line.
896: (The
897: .IR more (1)
898: program does this.)
899: This feature works only if you have the requisite termcap
900: capabilities.
901: The switch has no effect unless the
902: .B \-e
903: switch is set.
904: .TP 5
905: .B \-m=<mode>
906: enables the marking of the last line of the previous page
907: printed, to help the user see where to continue reading.
908: This is most helpful when less than a full page is going to be displayed.
909: It may also be used in conjunction with the
910: .B \-e
911: switch, in which case the page is erased, and the first line (which is
912: the last line of the previous page) is highlighted.
913: If
914: .B \-m=s
915: is specified, the standout mode will be used, but if
916: .B \-m=u
917: is specified, underlining will be used.
918: If neither
919: .B =s
920: or
921: .B =u
922: is specified, standout is the default.
923: Use
924: .B +m
925: to disable highlighting.
926: .TP 5
927: .B \-M
928: forces mailbox format in creating new save files.
929: Ordinarily you are asked which format you want.
930: .TP 5
931: .B \-N
932: forces normal (non-mailbox) format in creating new save files.
933: Ordinarily you are asked which format you want.
934: .TP 5
935: .B \-r
936: causes
937: .I rn
938: to restart in the last newsgroup read during a previous session with
939: .I rn.
940: It is equivalent to starting up normally and then getting to the newsgroup
941: with a g command.
942: .TP 5
943: .B \-s
944: with no argument suppresses the initial listing of newsgroups with unread
945: news, whether
946: .B \-c
947: is specified or not.
948: Thus
949: .B \-c
950: and
951: .B \-s
952: can be used together to test \*(L"silently\*(R" the status of news from
953: within your
954: .I .login
955: file.
956: If
957: .B \-s
958: is followed by a number, the initial listing is suppressed after that many
959: lines have been listed.
960: Presuming that you have your
961: .I .newsrc
962: sorted into order of interest,
963: .B \-s5
964: will tell you the 5 most interesting newsgroups that have unread news.
965: This is also a nice feature to use in your
966: .I .login
967: file, since it not only tells you whether there is unread news, but also how
968: important the unread news is, without having to wade through the entire
969: list of unread newsgroups.
970: If no
971: .B \-s
972: switch is given
973: .B \-s5
974: is assumed, so just putting \*(L"rn \-c\*(R"
975: into your
976: \&.login file is fine.
977: .TP 5
978: .B \-S<number>
979: causes
980: .I rn
981: to enter subject search mode (^N) automatically whenever a newsgroup is
982: started up with <number> unread articles or more.
983: Additionally, it causes any \*(L'n\*(R' typed while in subject search mode
984: to be interpreted as \*(L'^N\*(R' instead.
985: (To get back out of subject search mode, the best command is probably
986: \&\*(L'^\*(R'.)
987: If <number> is omitted, 3 is assumed.
988: .TP 5
989: .B \-t
990: puts
991: .I rn
992: into terse mode.
993: This is more cryptic but useful for low baud rates.
994: (Note that your system administrator may have compiled
995: .I rn
996: with either verbose or terse messages only to save memory.)
997: You may wish to use the baud-rate switch modifier below to enable terse mode
998: only at lower baud rates.
999: .TP 5
1000: .B \-T
1001: allows you to type ahead of rn.
1002: Ordinarily rn will eat typeahead to prevent your autorepeating space bar from
1003: doing a very frustrating thing when you accidentally hold it down.
1004: If you don't have a repeating space bar, or you are working at low baud
1005: rate, you can set this switch to prevent this behavior.
1006: You may wish to use the baud-rate switch modifier below to disable typeahead
1007: only at lower baud rates.
1008: .TP 5
1009: .B \-v
1010: sets verification mode for commands.
1011: When set, the command being executed is displayed to give some feedback that
1012: the key has actually been typed.
1013: Useful when the system is heavily loaded and you give a command that takes
1014: a while to start up.
1015: .TP 5
1016: .B \-/
1017: sets SAVEDIR to \*(L"%p/%c\*(R" and SAVENAME to \*(L"%a\*(R", which means
1018: that by default articles are saved in a subdirectory of your private news
1019: directory corresponding to the name of the the current newsgroup, with the
1020: filename being the article number.
1021: .B +/
1022: sets SAVEDIR to \*(L"%p\*(R" and SAVENAME to \*(L"%^C\*(R", which by
1023: default saves articles directly to your private news directory, with the
1024: filename being the name of the current newsgroup, first letter capitalized.
1025: (Either
1026: .B +/
1027: or
1028: .B \-/
1029: may be default on your system, depending on the feelings of your news
1030: administrator when he, she or it installed
1031: .IR rn .)
1032: You may, of course, explicitly set SAVEDIR and SAVENAME to other values\*(--see
1033: discussion in the environment section.
1034: .PP
1035: Any switch may be selectively applied according to the current baud-rate.
1036: Simply prefix the switch with +speed to apply the switch at that speed or
1037: greater, and \%\-speed to apply the switch at that speed or less.
1038: Examples: \%\-1200\-hposted suppresses the Posted line at 1200 baud or less;
1039: \%+9600\-m enables marking at 9600 baud or more.
1040: You can apply the modifier recursively to itself also: \%+300\-1200\-t sets
1041: terse mode from 300 to 1200 baud.
1042: .PP
1043: Similarly, switches may be selected based on terminal type:
1044: .Sp
1045: \-=vt100+T set +T on vt100
1046: .br
1047: \-=tvi920\-ETERM=mytvi get a special termcap entry
1048: .br
1049: \-=tvi920\-ERNMACRO=%./.rnmac.tvi
1050: .br
1051: set up special keymappings
1052: .br
1053: +=paper\-v set verify mode if not hardcopy
1054: .PP
1055: Some switch arguments, such as environment variable values, may require
1056: spaces in them.
1057: Such spaces should be quoted via ", ', or \e in the conventional fashion,
1058: even when passed via RNINIT or the & command.
1059: .Sh "Regular Expressions"
1060: The patterns used in article searching are regular expressions such as
1061: those used by
1062: .IR ed (1).
1063: In addition, \ew matches an alphanumeric character and \eW a nonalphanumeric.
1064: Word boundaries may be matched by \eb, and non-boundaries by \eB.
1065: The bracketing construct \e(\ ...\ \e) may also be used, and \edigit matches
1066: the digit'th substring, where digit can range from 1 to 9.
1067: \e0 matches whatever the last bracket match matched.
1068: Up to 10 alternatives may given in a pattern, separated by \e|, with the
1069: caveat that \e(\ ...\ \e|\ ...\ \e) is illegal.
1070: .Sh "Interpretation and Interpolation"
1071: Many of the strings that
1072: .I rn
1073: handles are subject to interpretations of several types.
1074: Under filename expansion, an initial \*(L"~/\*(R" is translated to the name
1075: of your home directory, and \*(L"~name\*(R" is translated to the login
1076: directory for the user specified.
1077: Filename expansion will also expand an initial environment variable, and
1078: also does the backslash, uparrow and percent expansion mentioned below.
1079: .PP
1080: All interpreted strings go through backslash, uparrow and percent
1081: interpretation.
1082: The backslash escapes are the normal ones (such as \en, \et, \ennn, etc.).
1083: The uparrow escapes indicate control codes in the normal fashion.
1084: Backslashes or uparrows to be passed through should be escaped with backslash.
1085: The special percent escapes are similar to printf percent escapes.
1086: These cause the substitution of various run-time values into the string.
1087: The following are currently recognized:
1088: .Ip %a 8
1089: Current article number.
1090: .Ip %A 8
1091: Full name of current article (%P/%c/%a).
1092: (On a Eunice system with the LINKART option, %P/%c/%a returns the name of
1093: the article in the current newsgroup, while %A returns the real name of
1094: the article, which may be different if the current article was posted to
1095: multiple newsgroups.)
1096: .Ip %b 8
1097: Destination of last save command, often a mailbox.
1098: .Ip %B 8
1099: The byte offset to the beginning of the part of the article to be saved,
1100: set by the save command.
1101: The \*(L's\*(R' and \*(L'S\*(R' commands set it to 0, and the \*(L'w\*(R'
1102: and \*(L'W\*(R' commands set it to the byte offset of the body of the article.
1103: .Ip %c 8
1104: Current newsgroup, directory form.
1105: .Ip %C 8
1106: Current newsgroup, dot form.
1107: .Ip %d 8
1108: Full name of newsgroup directory (%P/%c).
1109: .Ip %D 8
1110: \*(L"Distribution:\*(R" line from the current article.
1111: .Ip %f 8
1112: \*(L"From:\*(R" line from the current article, or the \*(L"Reply-To:\*(R"
1113: line if there is one.
1114: This differs from %t in that comments (such as the full name) are not
1115: stripped out with %f.
1116: .Ip %F 8
1117: \*(L"Newsgroups:\*(R" line for a new article, constructed from
1118: \*(L"Newsgroups:\*(R" and \*(L"Followup-To:\*(R" lines of current article.
1119: .Ip %h 8
1120: Name of the header file to pass to the mail or news poster,
1121: containing all the information that the poster program needs in the
1122: form of a message header.
1123: It may also contain a copy of the current article.
1124: The format of the header file is controlled by the MAILHEADER and NEWSHEADER
1125: environment variables.
1126: .Ip %H 8
1127: Host name (your machine's name).
1128: .Ip %i 8
1129: \*(L"Message-I.D.:\*(R" line from the current article, with <> guaranteed.
1130: .Ip %I 8
1131: The reference indication mark (see the
1132: .B \-F
1133: switch.)
1134: .Ip %l 8
1135: The news administrator's login name, if any.
1136: .Ip %L 8
1137: Login name (yours).
1138: .Ip %m 8
1139: The current mode of rn, for use in conditional macros.
1140: .Sp
1141: .nf
1142: i Initializing.
1143: n Newsgroup selection level.
1144: a Article selection level (What next?).
1145: p Pager level (MORE prompt).
1146: A Add this newsgroup?
1147: C Catchup confirmation.
1148: D Delete bogus newsgroups?
1149: M Use mailbox format?
1150: R Resubscribe to this newsgroup?
1151: .fi
1152: .Sp
1153: Note that yes/no questions are all upper-case modes.
1154: If, for example, you wanted to disallow defaults on all yes/no questions,
1155: you could define the following macro:
1156: .Sp
1157: .nf
1158: \e040 %(%m=[A-Z]?h: )
1159: .fi
1160: .Ip %M 8
1161: The number of articles marked to return via the \*(L'M\*(R' command.
1162: If the same article is Marked multiple times, \*(L"%M\*(R" counts it
1163: multiple times in the current implementation.
1164: .Ip %n 8
1165: \*(L"Newsgroups:\*(R" line from the current article.
1166: .Ip %N 8
1167: Full name (yours).
1168: .Ip %o 8
1169: Organization (yours).
1170: .Ip %O 8
1171: Original working directory (where you ran rn from).
1172: .Ip %p 8
1173: Your private news directory, normally ~/News.
1174: .Ip %P 8
1175: Public news spool directory, normally /usr/spool/news.
1176: .Ip %r 8
1177: Last reference on references line of current article (parent article id).
1178: .Ip %R 8
1179: References list for a new article, constructed from the references and article
1180: ID of the current article.
1181: .Ip %s 8
1182: Subject, with all Re's and (nf)'s stripped off.
1183: .Ip %S 8
1184: Subject, with one \*(L"Re:\*(R" stripped off.
1185: .Ip %t 8
1186: \*(L"To:\*(R" line derived from the \*(L"From:\*(R" and \*(L"Reply-To:\*(R"
1187: lines of the current article.
1188: This always returns an Internet format address.
1189: .Ip %T 8
1190: \*(L"To:\*(R" line derived from the \*(L"Path:\*(R" line of the
1191: current article to produce a uucp path.
1192: .Ip %u 8
1193: The number of unread articles in the current newsgroup.
1194: .Ip %U 8
1195: The number of unread articles in the current newsgroup, not counting the
1196: current article.
1197: .Ip %x 8
1198: The news library directory.
1199: .Ip %X 8
1200: The rn library directory.
1201: .Ip %z 8
1202: The length of the current article in bytes.
1203: .Ip %~ 8
1204: Your home directory.
1205: .Ip %. 8
1206: The directory containing your dot files, which is your home directory unless
1207: the environment variable DOTDIR is defined when rn is invoked.
1208: .Ip %$ 8
1209: Current process number.
1210: .Ip %/ 8
1211: Last search string.
1212: .Ip %% 8
1213: A percent sign.
1214: .Ip "%{name} or %{name\-default}" 8
1215: The environment variable \*(L"name\*(R".
1216: .Ip %[name] 8
1217: The value of header line \*(L"Name:\*(R" from the current article.
1218: The \*(L"Name:\ \*(R" is not included.
1219: For example \*(L"%D\*(R" and \*(L"%[distribution]\*(R" are equivalent.
1220: The name must be spelled out in full.
1221: .Ip %`command` 8
1222: Inserts the output of the command, with any embedded newlines translated
1223: to space.
1224: .Ip %""prompt"" 8
1225: Prints prompt on the terminal, then inputs one string, and inserts it.
1226: .Ip "%(test_text=pattern?then_text:else_text)" 8
1227: If
1228: .I test_text
1229: matches
1230: .IR pattern ,
1231: has the value
1232: .IR then_text ,
1233: otherwise
1234: .IR else_text .
1235: The \*(L":else_text\*(R" is optional, and if absent, interpolates the null string.
1236: The = may be replaced with != to negate the test.
1237: To quote any of the metacharacters
1238: (\*(L'=\*(R', \*(L'?\*(R', \*(L':\*(R', or \*(L')\*(R'),
1239: precede with a backslash.
1240: .Ip %digit 8
1241: The digits 1 through 9 interpolate the string matched by the nth bracket
1242: in the last pattern match that had brackets.
1243: If the last pattern had alternatives, you may not know the number of the
1244: bracket you want\*(--%0 will give you the last bracket matched.
1245: .PP
1246: Modifiers: to capitalize the first letter, insert \*(L'^\*(R':
1247: \*(L"%^C\*(R" produces something like \*(L"Net.jokes\*(R".
1248: Inserting \*(L'_\*(R' causes the first letter following the last
1249: \&\*(L'/\*(R' to be capitalized: \*(L"%_c\*(R" produces \*(L"net/Jokes\*(R".
1250: .SH ENVIRONMENT
1251: The following environment variables are paid attention to by
1252: .IR rn .
1253: In general the default values assumed for these variables by
1254: .I rn
1255: are reasonable, so if you are using
1256: .I rn
1257: for the first time, you can safely ignore this section.
1258: Note that the defaults below may not correspond precisely to the defaults
1259: on your system.
1260: To find the actual defaults you would need to look in config.h and common.h
1261: in the rn source directory, and the file INIT in the rn library.
1262: .PP
1263: Those variables marked (%) are subject to % interpolation, and those marked
1264: (~) are subject to both % interpolation and ~ interpretation.
1265: .Ip "ATTRIBUTION (%)" 8
1266: Gives the format of the attribution line in front of the quoted article
1267: included by an F command.
1268: .Sp
1269: Default: In article %i %f writes:
1270: .Ip "CANCEL (~)" 8
1271: The shell command used to cancel an article.
1272: .Sp
1273: Default: inews \-h < %h
1274: .Ip "CANCELHEADER (%)" 8 13v
1275: The format of the file to pass to the CANCEL command in order to cancel
1276: an article.
1277: .Sp
1278: Default:
1279: .br
1280: Newsgroups: %n
1281: .br
1282: Subject: cmsg cancel %i
1283: .br
1284: References: %R
1285: .br
1286: Reply-To: %L@%H.UUCP (%N)
1287: .br
1288: Distribution: %D
1289: .br
1290: Organization: %o
1291: .sp 1
1292: %i cancelled from rn.
1293: .Ip DOTDIR 8
1294: Where to find your dot files, if they aren't in your home directory.
1295: Can be interpolated using \*(L"%.\*(R".
1296: .Sp
1297: Default: $HOME
1298: .Ip "EDITOR (~)" 8
1299: The name of your editor, if VISUAL is undefined.
1300: .Sp
1301: Default: whatever your news administrator compiled in, usually vi.
1302: .Ip "FIRSTLINE (%)" 8
1303: Controls the format of the line displayed at the top of an article.
1304: Warning: this may go away.
1305: .Sp
1306: Default: Article %a %(%U%M!=^00$?(%U more%(%M!=^0$? + %M Marked to return)\e) )in %C:, more or less.
1307: .Ip HIDELINE 8
1308: If defined, contains a regular expression which matches article lines to
1309: be hidden, in order, for instance, to suppress quoted material.
1310: A recommended string for this purpose is \*(L"^>...\*(R", which \fIdoesn't\fR
1311: hide lines with only \*(L'>\*(R', to give some indication that quoted
1312: material is being skipped.
1313: If you want to hide more than one pattern, you can use \*(L"\||\|\*(R" to
1314: separate the alternatives.
1315: You can view the hidden lines by restarting the article with the \*(L'v\*(R'
1316: command.
1317: .Sp
1318: There is some overhead involved in matching each line of the article against
1319: a regular expression.
1320: You might wish to use a baud-rate modifier to enable this feature only at
1321: low baud rates.
1322: .Sp
1323: Default: undefined
1324: .Ip HOME 8
1325: Your home directory.
1326: Affects ~ interpretation, and the location of your
1327: dot files if DOTDIR is not defined.
1328: .Sp
1329: Default: $LOGDIR
1330: .Ip "KILLGLOBAL (~)" 8
1331: Where to find the KILL file to apply to every newsgroup.
1332: See the \*(L'^K\*(R' command at the newsgroup selection level.
1333: .Sp
1334: Default: %p/KILL
1335: .Ip "KILLLOCAL (~)" 8
1336: Where to find the KILL file for the current newsgroup.
1337: See the commands \*(L'K\*(R' and \*(L'^K\*(R' at the article selection level,
1338: and the search modifier \*(L'K\*(R'.
1339: .Sp
1340: Default: %p/%c/KILL
1341: .Ip LOGDIR 8
1342: Your home directory if HOME is undefined.
1343: Affects ~ interpretation, and the location of your
1344: dot files if DOTDIR is not defined.
1345: .Sp
1346: Default: none.
1347: .Sp
1348: Explanation: you must have either $HOME or $LOGDIR.
1349: .Ip LOGNAME 8
1350: Your login name, if USER is undefined.
1351: May be interpolated using \*(L"%L\*(R".
1352: .Sp
1353: Default: value of getlogin().
1354: .Ip "MAILCALL (~)" 8
1355: What to say when there is new mail.
1356: .Sp
1357: Default: (Mail)
1358: .Ip "MAILFILE (~)" 8
1359: Where to check for mail.
1360: .Sp
1361: Default: /usr/spool/mail/%L
1362: .Ip "MAILHEADER (%)" 8
1363: The format of the header file for replies.
1364: See also MAILPOSTER.
1365: .Sp
1366: Default:
1367: .Sp
1368: To: %T
1369: .br
1370: Subject: %(%i=^$?:Re: %S
1371: .br
1372: Newsgroups: %n
1373: .br
1374: In-Reply-To: %i)
1375: .br
1376: %(%[references]!=^$?References\\: %[references]
1377: .br
1378: )Organization: %o
1379: .br
1380: Cc:
1381: .br
1382: Bcc: \en\en
1383: .Ip "MAILPOSTER (~)" 8
1384: The shell command to be used by the reply commands (r and R)
1385: in order to allow you to enter and deliver the response.
1386: .I Rn
1387: will not itself call upon an editor for replies\*(--this
1388: is a function of the program called by
1389: .IR rn .
1390: See also MAILHEADER.
1391: .Sp
1392: Default: Rnmail \-h %h
1393: .Ip "MBOXSAVER (~)" 8
1394: The shell command to save an article in mailbox format.
1395: .Sp
1396: Default: %X/mbox.saver %A %P %c %a %B %C "%b" \e
1397: .br
1398: "From: %T %`date`"
1399: .Sp
1400: Explanation: the first seven arguments are the same as for NORMSAVER.
1401: The eighth argument to the shell script is the new From: line
1402: for the article, including the posting date,
1403: derived either directly from the Posted: line, or not-so-directly from
1404: the Date: line.
1405: Header munging at its finest.
1406: .Ip NAME 8
1407: Your full name.
1408: May be interpolated using \*(L"%N\*(R".
1409: .Sp
1410: Default: name from /etc/passwd, or ~/.fullname.
1411: .Ip "NEWSHEADER (%)" 8 16v
1412: The format of the header file for followups.
1413: See also NEWSPOSTER.
1414: .Sp
1415: Default:
1416: .Sp
1417: Newsgroups: %(%F=^$?%C:%F)
1418: .br
1419: Subject: %(%S=^$?%"\n\nSubject: ":Re: %S)
1420: .br
1421: Summary:
1422: .br
1423: Expires:
1424: .br
1425: %(%R=^$?:References: %R
1426: .br
1427: )Sender:
1428: .br
1429: Reply-To: %L@%H.UUCP (%N)
1430: .br
1431: Followup-To:
1432: .br
1433: Distribution: %(%i=^$?%"\nDistribution: ":%D)
1434: .br
1435: Organization: %o
1436: .br
1437: Keywords: \en\en
1438: .Ip "NEWSPOSTER (~)" 8
1439: The shell command to be used by the followup commands (f and F)
1440: in order to allow you to enter and post a followup news article.
1441: .I Rn
1442: will not itself call upon an editor for followups\*(--this
1443: is a function of the program called by
1444: .IR rn .
1445: See also NEWSHEADER.
1446: .Sp
1447: Default: Pnews \-h %h
1448: .Ip "NORMSAVER (~)" 8
1449: The shell command to save an article in the normal (non-mailbox) format.
1450: .Sp
1451: Default: %X/norm.saver %A %P %c %a %B %C "%b"
1452: .Ip ORGANIZATION 8
1453: Either the name of your organization, or the name of a file containing the
1454: name of your organization.
1455: May be interpolated using \*(L"%o\*(R".
1456: .Sp
1457: Default: whatever your news administrator compiled in.
1458: .Ip PAGESTOP 8
1459: If defined, contains a regular expression which matches article lines to
1460: be treated as form-feeds.
1461: There are at least two things you might want to do with this.
1462: To cause page breaks between articles in a digest, you might define it
1463: as \*(L"^--------\*(R".
1464: To force a page break before a signature, you could define it
1465: as \*(L"^-- $\*(R".
1466: (Then, when you see \*(L"--\*(R" at the bottom of the page, you can skip
1467: the signature if you so desire by typing \*(L'n\*(R' instead of space.)
1468: To do both, you could use \*(L"^--\*(R".
1469: If you want to break on more than one pattern, you can use \*(L"\||\|\*(R" to
1470: separate the alternatives.
1471: .Sp
1472: There is some overhead involved in matching each line of the article against
1473: a regular expression.
1474: You might wish to use a baud-rate modifier to enable this feature only at
1475: low baud rates.
1476: .Sp
1477: Default: undefined
1478: .Ip "PIPESAVER (%)" 8
1479: The shell command to execute in order to accomplish a save to a pipe
1480: (\*(L"s\ |\ command\*(R" or \*(L"w\ |\ command\*(R").
1481: The command typed by the user is substituted in as %b.
1482: .Sp
1483: Default: %(%B=^0$?<%A:tail +%Bc %A |) %b
1484: .Sp
1485: Explanation: if %B is 0, the command is \*(L"<%A %b\*(R", otherwise
1486: the command is \*(L"tail +%Bc %A | %b\*(R".
1487: .Ip RNINIT 8
1488: Default values for switches may be passed to
1489: .I rn
1490: by placing them in RNINIT.
1491: Any switch that is set in RNINIT may be overruled
1492: on the command line, or via the \*(L'&\*(R' command from within
1493: .IR rn .
1494: Binary-valued switches that are set with \*(L"\-switch\*(R" may be unset
1495: using \*(L"+switch\*(R".
1496: .Sp
1497: If RNINIT begins with a \*(L'/\*(R' it is assumed to be the name of a file
1498: containing switches.
1499: If you want to set many environment variables but don't want to keep
1500: them all in your environment, or if the use of any of these variables
1501: conflicts with other programs, you can use this feature along with the
1502: .B \-E
1503: switch to set the environment variables upon startup.
1504: .Sp
1505: Default: \*(L" \*(R".
1506: .Ip "RNMACRO (~)" 8
1507: The name of the file containing macros and key mappings.
1508: See the MACROS section.
1509: .Sp
1510: Default: %./.rnmac
1511: .Ip "SAVEDIR (~)" 8
1512: The name of the directory to save to, if the save command does not specify
1513: a directory name.
1514: .Sp
1515: Default:
1516: .br
1517: If
1518: .B \-/
1519: is set: %p/%c
1520: .br
1521: If
1522: .B +/
1523: is set: %p
1524: .Ip "SAVENAME (%)" 8
1525: The name of the file to save to, if the save command contains only a
1526: directory name.
1527: .Sp
1528: Default:
1529: .br
1530: If
1531: .B \-/
1532: is set: %a
1533: .br
1534: If
1535: .B +/
1536: is set: %^C
1537: .Ip SHELL 8
1538: The name of your preferred shell.
1539: It will be used by the \*(L'!\*(R', \*(L'S\*(R' and \*(L'W\*(R' commands.
1540: .Sp
1541: Default: whatever your news administrator compiled in.
1542: .Ip "SUBJLINE (%)" 8
1543: Controls the format of the lines displayed by the \*(L'=\*(R' command at
1544: the article selection level.
1545: .Sp
1546: Default: %s
1547: .Ip TERM 8
1548: Determines which termcap entry to use, unless TERMCAP contains the entry.
1549: .Ip TERMCAP 8
1550: Holds either the name of your termcap file, or a termcap entry.
1551: .Sp
1552: Default: /etc/termcap, normally.
1553: .Ip USER 8
1554: Your login name.
1555: May be interpolated using \*(L"%L\*(R".
1556: .Sp
1557: Default: $LOGNAME
1558: .Ip "VISUAL (~)" 8
1559: The name of your editor.
1560: .Sp
1561: Default: $EDITOR
1562: .Ip "YOUSAID (%)" 8
1563: Gives the format of the attribution line in front of the quoted article
1564: included by an R command.
1565: .Sp
1566: Default: In article %i you write:
1567: .SH MACROS
1568: When
1569: .I rn
1570: starts up, it looks for a file containing macro definitions (see environment
1571: variable RNMACRO).
1572: Any sequence of commands may be bound to any sequence of keys, so you
1573: could remap your entire keyboard if you desire.
1574: Blank lines or lines beginning with # in the macro file are considered
1575: comments; otherwise
1576: .I rn
1577: looks for two fields separated by white space.
1578: The first field gives the sequence of keystrokes that trigger the macro,
1579: and the second field gives the sequence of commands to execute.
1580: Both fields are subject to % interpolation, which will also translate
1581: backslash and uparrow sequences.
1582: (The keystroke field is interpreted at startup time, but the command field
1583: is interpreted at macro execution time so that you may refer to % values
1584: in a macro.)
1585: For example, if you want to reverse the roles of carriage return and
1586: space in rn
1587: .Sp
1588: ^J \e040
1589: .br
1590: ^M \e040
1591: .br
1592: \e040 ^J
1593: .Sp
1594: will do just that.
1595: By default, all characters in the command field are interpreted as the
1596: canonical
1597: .I rn
1598: characters, i.e. no macro expansion is done.
1599: Otherwise the above pair of macros would cause an infinite loop.
1600: To force macro expansion in the command field, enclose the
1601: macro call with ^( ... ^) thusly:
1602: .Sp
1603: @s |mysavescript
1604: .br
1605: @w w^(@s^)
1606: .Sp
1607: You can use the %() conditional construct to construct macros that work
1608: differently under different circumstances.
1609: In particular, the current mode (%m) of
1610: .I rn
1611: could be used to make a command that only works at a particular level.
1612: For example,
1613: .Sp
1614: ^[[O %(%m=p?\e040)
1615: .Sp
1616: will only allow the macro to work at the pager level.
1617: .Sp
1618: %(%{TERM}=vt100?^[[O) /^J
1619: .Sp
1620: will do the binding only if the terminal type is vt100,
1621: though if you have many of these it would be better to have separate
1622: files for each terminal.
1623: .Sp
1624: If you want to bind a macro to a function key that puts a common garbage character
1625: after the sequence (such as the carriage return on the end of Televideo 920
1626: function sequences), DO NOT put the carriage return
1627: into all the sequences or you will waste a CONSIDERABLE amount of internal
1628: storage.
1629: Instead of \*(L"^AF^M\*(R", put \*(L"^AF+1\*(R", which indicates to
1630: .I rn
1631: that it should gobble up one character after the F.
1632: .SH AUTHOR
1633: Larry Wall <[email protected]>
1634: .br
1635: Regular expression routines are borrowed from emacs, by James Gosling.
1636: .SH FILES
1637: .Ip "%./.newsrc" 1.25i
1638: status of your news reading
1639: .Ip "%./.oldnewsrc" 1.25i
1640: backup copy of your
1641: .I .newsrc
1642: from start of session
1643: .Ip "%./.rnlock" 1.25i
1644: lock file so you don't screw up your
1645: .I .newsrc
1646: .Ip "%./.rnlast" 1.25i
1647: info from last run of rn
1648: .Ip "%./.rnsoft" 1.25i
1649: soft pointers into /usr/lib/active to speed startup, synchronous with
1650: .I .newsrc
1651: .Ip "%./.rnhead" 1.25i
1652: temporary header file to pass to a mailer or news poster
1653: .Ip "%./.rnmac" 1.25i
1654: macro and keymap definitions
1655: .Ip "%p" 1.25i
1656: your news save directory, usually ~/News
1657: .Ip "%x/active" 1.25i
1658: the list of active newsgroups, usually /usr/lib/news/active
1659: .Ip "%P" 1.25i
1660: the public news spool directory, usually /usr/spool/news
1661: .Ip "%X/INIT" 1.25i
1662: system-wide default switches
1663: .SH SEE ALSO
1664: newsrc(5), more(1), readnews(1), Pnews(1), Rnmail(1)
1665: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
1666: Generally self-documenting, as they say.
1667: .SH BUGS
1668: The
1669: .B \-h
1670: switch can only hide header lines that
1671: .I rn
1672: knows about.
1673: .PP
1674: The \*(L'\-\*(R' command doesn't cross newsgroup boundaries, and only undoes
1675: the last article selection.
1676: .PP
1677: If you edit your
1678: .I .newsrc
1679: while
1680: .I rn
1681: is running,
1682: .I rn
1683: will happily wipe out your changes when it decides to
1684: write out the
1685: .I .newsrc
1686: file.
1687: .PP
1688: .I Rn
1689: doesn't do certain things (like ordering articles on posting date) that
1690: the author feels should be handled by inews.
1691: .PP
1692: Marking of duplicate articles as read in cross-referenced newsgroups will
1693: not work unless the Xref patch is installed in inews.
1694: .PP
1695: If you get carried away with % or escape substitutions, you can overflow
1696: buffers.
1697: .PP
1698: There should be no fixed limit on the number of newsgroups.
1699: .PP
1700: Some of the more esoteric features may be missing on machines with limited
1701: address space.
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