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1.1 root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1986 Regents of the University of California.
2: .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement
3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
4: .\"
5: .\" @(#)nslookup.l 1.1 (Berkeley) 5/12/86
6: .\"
7: .TH NSLOOKUP 1 "May 12, 1986"
8: .UC 5
9: .SH NAME
10: nslookup \- query name servers interactively
11: .SH SYNOPSIS
12: .B nslookup
13: [
14: .I host-to-find
15: [
16: .I server address | server name
17: ]]
18: .SH DESCRIPTION
19: .IR Nslookup
20: with no arguments is an interactive program to query DARPA Internet
21: domain name servers. The user can contact servers to
22: request information about a specific host or print
23: a list of hosts in the domain.
24: .sp 1
25: .SH COMMANDS
26: Commands may be interrupted at any time by typing a control-C.
27: To exit, type a control-D (EOF).
28: The command line length must be less than 80 characters.
29: \fBN.B.\fP an unrecognized command will be interpreted as a host name.
30: .sp 1
31: .IP "host [server]"
32: Look up information for \fIhost\fP using the current default server
33: or using \fIserver\fP if it is specified.
34: .sp 1
35: .IP "\fBserver\fP \fIdomain\fP"
36: .ns
37: .IP "\fBlserver\fP \fIdomain\fP"
38: Change the default server to \fIdomain\fP.
39: \fBLserver\fP uses the initial server to look up
40: information about \fIdomain\fP while \fBserver\fP
41: uses the current default server.
42: If an authoritative answer can't be found, the names of servers
43: that might have the answer are returned.
44: .sp 1
45: .IP \fBroot\fP
46: Changes the default server to the server for the root of the domain name space.
47: Currently, the host sri-nic.arpa is used.
48: (This command is a synonym for the \fBlserver sri-nic.arpa\fP.)
49: The name of the root server can be changed with the \fBset root\fP command.
50: .sp 1
51: .IP "\fBfinger\fP [\fIname\fP] [\fB>\fP \fIfilename\fP]"
52: .ns
53: .IP "\fBfinger\fP [\fIname\fP] [\fB>>\fP \fIfilename\fP]"
54: Connects with the finger server on the current host.
55: The current host is defined when a previous lookup for a host
56: was successful and returned address information (see the
57: \fBset querytype=A\fP command).
58: \fIName\fP is optional.
59: \fB>\fP and \fB>>\fP can be used to redirect output in the
60: usual manner.
61: .sp 1
62: .IP "\fBls\fP \fIdomain\fP [\fB>\fP \fIfilename\fP]"
63: .ns
64: .IP "\fBls\fP \fIdomain\fP [\fB>>\fP \fIfilename\fP]"
65: .ns
66: .IP "\fBls -a\fP \fIdomain\fP [\fB>\fP \fIfilename\fP]"
67: .ns
68: .IP "\fBls -a\fP \fIdomain\fP [\fB>>\fP \fIfilename\fP]"
69: .ns
70: .IP "\fBls -h\fP \fIdomain\fP [\fB>\fP \fIfilename\fP]"
71: .ns
72: .IP "\fBls -h\fP \fIdomain\fP [\fB>>\fP \fIfilename\fP]"
73: List the information available for \fIdomain\fP.
74: The default output contains host names and their Internet addresses.
75: The \fB-a\fP option lists aliases of hosts in the domain.
76: The \fB-h\fP option lists CPU and operating system information for the domain.
77: When output is directed to a file, hash marks are printed for every
78: 50 records received from the server.
79: .sp 1
80: .IP "\fBview\fP \fIfilename\fP"
81: Sorts and lists the output of the \fBls\fP command with \fImore\fP(1).
82: .sp 1
83: .IP "\fBhelp\fP"
84: .ns
85: .IP "\fB?\fP"
86: Prints a brief summary of commands.
87: .sp 1
88: .IP "\fBset\fP \fIkeyword\fP[=\fIvalue\fP]"
89: This command is used to change state information that affects the lookups.
90: Valid keywords are:
91: .RS
92: .IP "\fBall\fP"
93: Prints the current values of the various options to \fBset\fP.
94: Information about the current default server and host is also printed.
95: .IP "\fB[no]debug\fP"
96: Turn debugging mode on. A lot more information is printed about the
97: packet sent to the server and the resulting answer.
98: .br
99: (Default = nodebug, abbreviation = [no]deb)
100: .IP "\fB[no]defname\fP"
101: Append the default domain name to every lookup.
102: .br
103: (Default = nodefname, abbreviation = [no]def)
104: .IP "\fBdomain=\fIname\fR"
105: Change the default domain name to \fIname\fP.
106: The default domain name is appended to all lookup requests if
107: the \fBdefname\fP option has been set.
108: .br
109: (Default = value in /etc/resolv.conf, abbreviation = do)
110: .IP "\fBquerytype=\fIvalue\fR"
111: Change the type of information returned from a query to one of:
112: .RS
113: .IP A 10
114: the host's Internet address (the default).
115: .IP CNAME 10
116: the canonical name for an alias.
117: .IP HINFO 10
118: the host CPU and operating system type.
119: .IP MD 10
120: the mail destination.
121: .IP MX 10
122: the mail exchanger.
123: .IP MG 10
124: the mail group member.
125: .IP MINFO 10
126: the mailbox or mail list information.
127: .IP MR 10
128: the mail rename domain name.
129: .RE
130: Other types specified in the RFC883 document are valid but aren't
131: very useful.
132: .br
133: (Abbreviation = q)
134: .IP "\fB[no]recurse\fP"
135: Tell the name server to query other servers if it does not have the
136: information.
137: .br
138: (Default = recurse, abbreviation = [no]rec)
139: .IP \fBretry=\fInumber\fR
140: Set the number of retries to \fInumber\fP.
141: When a reply to a request is not received within a certain
142: amount of time (changed with \fBset timeout\fP),
143: the request is resent.
144: The retry value controls how many times a request is resent before giving up.
145: .br
146: (Default = 2, abbreviation = ret)
147: .IP \fBroot=\fIhost\fR
148: Change the name of the root server to \fIhost\fP. This
149: affects the \fBroot\fP command.
150: .br
151: (Default = sri-nic.arpa, abbreviation = ro)
152: .IP \fBtimeout=\fInumber\fR
153: Change the time-out interval for waiting for a reply to \fInumber\fP seconds.
154: .br
155: (Default = 10 seconds, abbreviation = t)
156: .IP "\fB[no]vc\fP"
157: Always use a virtual circuit when sending requests to the server.
158: .br
159: (Default = novc, abbreviation = [no]v)
160: .RE
161: .SH TUTORIAL
162: The domain name space is tree-structured and currently has five top-level
163: domains:
164: .IP \(bu 2
165: COM (for commercial establishments),
166: .IP \(bu 2
167: EDU (for educational institutions),
168: .IP \(bu 2
169: GOV (for government agencies) and
170: .IP \(bu 2
171: ORG (for not for profit orginizations)
172: .IP \(bu 2
173: MIL (for MILNET hosts).
174: .PP
175: If you are looking for a specific host,
176: you need to know something about the host's organization
177: in order to determine the top-level domain it belongs to.
178: For instance, if you want to find the Internet address of a machine
179: at UCLA, do the following:
180: .IP a) 3
181: Connect with the root server using the \fBroot\fP command.
182: The root server of the name space has knowledge of the top-level domains.
183: .IP b) 3
184: Since UCLA is a university, its domain name is ucla.edu.
185: Connect with a server for the ucla.edu domain with the
186: command \fBserver ucla.edu\fP.
187: The response will print
188: the names of hosts that act as servers for the domain ucla.edu.
189: Note that the root server does not have information about ucla.edu
190: but knows the names and addresses of hosts that do.
191: All future queries will be sent to the UCLA name server.
192: .IP c) 3
193: To request information about a particular host in the domain (e.g. locus),
194: just type the host name.
195: To request a listing of hosts in the UCLA domain, use the \fBls\fP command.
196: The \fBls\fP command requires a domain name (in this case, ucla.edu)
197: as an argument.
198: .PP
199: Note that if you are connected with a name server that handles
200: more than one domain, all lookups for host names must be fully specified
201: with its domain.
202: For instance, the domain harvard.edu is served by seismo.css.gov, which
203: also services the css.gov and cornell.edu domains. A lookup request
204: for the host aiken in the harvard.edu domain must be specified as
205: aiken.harvard.edu.
206: However, the \fBset domain=\fIname\fR and \fBset defname\fP
207: commands can be used to automatically append a domain name to each request.
208: .PP
209: After a successful lookup of a host, use the \fBfinger\fP command to
210: see who is on the system or to finger a specific person.
211: To get other information about the host, use the \fBset querytype=\fIvalue\fR
212: command to change the type of information desired and request another
213: lookup.
214: (\fBFinger\fP requires the type to be A.)
215: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
216: If the lookup request was not successful, an error message is printed.
217: Possible errors are:
218: .IP "Time-out"
219: The server did not respond to a request after a certain amount of
220: time (changed with \fBset timeout=\fIvalue\fR)
221: and a certain number of retries (changed with \fBset retry=\fIvalue\fR).
222: .IP "No information"
223: Depending on the query type set with the \fBset querytype\fP command,
224: no information about the host was available, though the host name is
225: valid.
226: .IP "Non-existent domain"
227: The host or domain name does not exist.
228: .IP "Connection refused"
229: .ns
230: .IP "Network is unreachable"
231: The connection to the name or finger server could not be made
232: at the current time.
233: This error commonly occurs with \fBfinger\fP requests.
234: .IP "Server failure"
235: The name server found an internal inconsistency in its database
236: and could not return a valid answer.
237: .IP "Refused"
238: The name server refused to service the request.
239: .sp 1
240: .PP
241: The following error should not occur and it indicates a bug in the program.
242: .IP "Format error"
243: The name server found that the request packet was not in the proper format.
244: .sp 1
245: .SH FILES
246: /etc/resolv.conf initial domain name and name server addresses.
247: .SH SEE ALSO
248: resolver(3), resolver(5), named(8), RFC882, RFC883
249: .SH AUTHOR
250: Andrew Cherenson
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