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1.1 root 1: .de HE 'Version six changes'INGRES'%'
2: .so nmacs
3: Users of INGRES version five should be aware of certain differences
4: between version five and version six.
5: Version six fixes all the known bugs that were in version five.
6: Some of these fixes and improvements might cause
7: some version five queries to not run correctly on version six.
8: For this reason, we have itemized the changes which
9: you should be aware of.
10: Refer to the new version six reference manual for additional details.
11:
12: .sh 1
13: Storage Structures.
14: .dn
15: Incompatibilities.
16: .PS
17: Version six of INGRES will NOT run on a
18: version five data base.
19: All data bases must be recreated.
20: There is a utility program called
21: "copydb5" which aids in the
22: conversion process.
23: Refer to the INGRES reference manual
24: under copydb(UNIX) for documentation
25: on how to use copydb5.
26: .sh 1
27: Monitor
28: .dn
29: Different working directory
30: .PS
31: The monitor now runs in the working
32: directory where the user was at the
33: time INGRES was invoked.
34: This means that when you escape to the
35: shell or the editor, you will
36: be in the same working directory as
37: when you invoked INGRES.
38: .sh
39: Auto-clear mode
40: .PS
41: The version five monitor required you to
42: reset the workspace after a query ("\\r").
43: The version six monitor does approximately
44: the opposite.
45:
46: If the first line after a query does NOT
47: begin with the command "\\p", "\\g", "\\e", or "\\a", then
48: the monitor automatically resets the workspace
49: for you.
50: Otherwise, the command is interpreted and new lines are
51: appended to the workspace.
52: The autoclear feature can be suppressed by using
53: the "-a" flag when invoking INGRES.
54: Once you use the autoclear feature for a while,
55: however, you will really appreciate it.
56: .sh
57: Rubout works! (nearly always)
58: .PS
59: Typing a rubout or break causes INGRES to
60: stop what it is doing and return cleanly
61: to the monitor.
62: If a rubout is typed during a modify or defered
63: update, a message is issued and further rubouts
64: are ignored until the processing is complete.
65:
66: Many critical sections in the INGRES
67: code still exist
68: where typing a rubout can cause a
69: SYSERR message.
70: Those are being cleaned out on a gradual basis.
71: In general rubout processing works correctly and in
72: any case will never hurt the data base if all
73: you are doing is a retrieve
74: or a print.
75: .sh 1
76: Parser
77: .dn
78: New keywords and features.
79: .PS
80: We have implemented two new commands:
81: CONCAT and ASCII.
82: Those words are now reserved words.
83: ASCII converts a numeric of any type to
84: a character string.
85: CONCAT takes two character strings and forms
86: a new one.
87: Trailing blanks of the first character string are
88: removed before concatenating the second string.
89: .sh
90: The shorthand notation x.all.
91: .PS
92: ALL can be used in retrieves and appends.
93: Its meaning expands to be all domains of
94: a relation.
95: The order of the domains is nearly always the
96: same as the order from the create statement;
97: however, this is not presently guaranteed.
98: .sh
99: Pattern matching
100: .PS
101: We have implemented the "shell syntax" pattern
102: matching characters "*", "?", "[]".
103: They can be used in a qualification but not
104: in a target list.
105: Their special meaning
106: can be turned off by preceding them with a
107: "\\".
108: .sh
109: Correct precedence.
110: .PS
111: The parser now gives the correct precedence
112: to numeric operators.
113: It previously gave equal precedence
114: to all numeric operators (+,*,**, etc.).
115: .sh 1
116: Copy
117: .dn
118: File modes.
119: .PS
120: The previous version of copy created files
121: owned as INGRES in mode 666, and demanded
122: that any file to be read must be
123: readable by INGRES.
124:
125: The version six copy
126: runs as the user.
127: Thus on coping into a relation, the
128: UNIX file need be readable only by the
129: real users.
130: On a copy out of a relation, the file
131: is created in mode 600 and is owned by the
132: real user.
133: .sh
134: Copy "into" works correctly.
135: .PS
136: The version five "copy into" ignored the
137: order of the domains and demanded that
138: all domains be present and in the
139: identical format as the relation.
140:
141: The version six copy eliminates all those
142: restriction, both on copy into and copy from.
143: .sh 1
144: Help
145: .dn
146: Help on a relation/manual is changed.
147: .PS
148: We have reversed the use of the help command.
149: Relations names should be given without
150: quotes ("") and manual sections should
151: include them.
152: This is consistent with the print command.
153: .sh
154: Documentation reorganized.
155: .PS
156: The INGRES documentation has been subdivided
157: into quel, unix, files and error sections.
158: The help command no longer looks in /usr/man/...
159: for documentation.
160: .sh 2
161: Help "" changed.
162: .PS
163: "Help" alone
164: now lists relations
165: in the database
166: instead of the help page
167: of the reference manual.
168: Help ""
169: no longer exists.
170: .sh 1
171: Purge
172: .dn
173: An easy way to clean up a data base
174: .PS
175: The purge command (formerly resetdb and relkiller) provides
176: an easy way to see what relations have expired
177: and also to remove any temporary files and
178: relations which were left over after a system error.
179: .sh 1
180: The Users File.
181: .dn
182: The users file replaces the authority file
183: .PS
184: The users file specifies who can use INGRES,
185: what data bases the user can use,
186: special permissions the user has,
187: any default flags the user wants.
188:
189: The users file can provide some protection to
190: a data base but is obviously insufficient.
191: What protection it provides was implemented
192: only because it was easy to provide and
193: somewhat useful.
194: .sh 1
195: EQUEL
196: .dn
197: Recompilation
198: .PS
199: A version five equel program must
200: be preprocessed again and then
201: recompiled in order to run on
202: a version six data base.
203:
204: If you run an equel program without
205: recompiling you will get
206: an error message from INGRES informing
207: you to redo your equel program.
208:
209: If you only recompile and don't first
210: run the equel preprocessor,
211: you will get an undefined reference
212: to "skiptup" at load time.
213:
214: Again, simply run equel on all ".q"
215: files and then recompile your programs.
216: .sh
217: Retrieving domains
218: .PS
219: The version five EQUEL allowed you to retrieve a numeric
220: domains into a character variable.
221: Version six does not allow this directly.
222: The ASCII command can be used to perform this
223: function.
224: .sh
225: The debug flag
226: .PS
227: Version five equel printed the file name and line
228: number on an error.
229: This required a lot of extra storage at run time.
230: Version six equel has a "-d" flag which
231: passes file and line information
232: on an error.
233: Otherwise, the information is not kept.
234: .sh 1
235: Miscellaneous.
236: .dn
237: Relation Names.
238: .PS
239: Version five relation names appended the users
240: UNIX group and user id's to a relation name.
241: INGRES user id's are now kept
242: in the "users" file and are printing
243: characters starting with "aa", "ab", and up.
244: .sh
245: Running as someone else.
246: .PS
247: For data base administrators with alter-ego
248: problems, INGRES now lets you run as
249: someone other than yourself.
250: The "-u" flag can be used at the time
251: INGRES is invoked to let you run as
252: a different user.
253: The "-u" flag may also be used
254: by the "ingres" user.
255:
256: The "-u" flag is also available
257: in creatdb.
258: It may only be used by the "ingres" user
259: in this context.
260: .sh
261: The Blip is Gone.
262: .PS
263: Version five printed a space followed by a
264: backspace, at the start of every query and
265: dbu request.
266: The "blip" was there for historical reasons
267: only and has been removed.
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