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1.1 ! root 1: #ifndef lint ! 2: static char *sccsid = "@(#)spline.c 4.3 (Berkeley) 9/21/85"; ! 3: #endif ! 4: ! 5: #include <stdio.h> ! 6: #include <math.h> ! 7: ! 8: #define NP 1000 ! 9: #define INF HUGE ! 10: ! 11: struct proj { int lbf,ubf; float a,b,lb,ub,quant,mult,val[NP]; } x,y; ! 12: float *diag, *r; ! 13: float dx = 1.; ! 14: float ni = 100.; ! 15: int n; ! 16: int auta; ! 17: int periodic; ! 18: float konst = 0.0; ! 19: float zero = 0.; ! 20: ! 21: /* Spline fit technique ! 22: let x,y be vectors of abscissas and ordinates ! 23: h be vector of differences hi=xi-xi-1 ! 24: y" be vector of 2nd derivs of approx function ! 25: If the points are numbered 0,1,2,...,n+1 then y" satisfies ! 26: (R W Hamming, Numerical Methods for Engineers and Scientists, ! 27: 2nd Ed, p349ff) ! 28: hiy"i-1+2(hi+hi+1)y"i+hi+1y"i+1 ! 29: ! 30: = 6[(yi+1-yi)/hi+1-(yi-yi-1)/hi] i=1,2,...,n ! 31: ! 32: where y"0 = y"n+1 = 0 ! 33: This is a symmetric tridiagonal system of the form ! 34: ! 35: | a1 h2 | |y"1| |b1| ! 36: | h2 a2 h3 | |y"2| |b2| ! 37: | h3 a3 h4 | |y"3| = |b3| ! 38: | . | | .| | .| ! 39: | . | | .| | .| ! 40: It can be triangularized into ! 41: | d1 h2 | |y"1| |r1| ! 42: | d2 h3 | |y"2| |r2| ! 43: | d3 h4 | |y"3| = |r3| ! 44: | . | | .| | .| ! 45: | . | | .| | .| ! 46: where ! 47: d1 = a1 ! 48: ! 49: r0 = 0 ! 50: ! 51: di = ai - hi2/di-1 1<i<_n ! 52: ! 53: ri = bi - hiri-1/di-1i 1<_i<_n ! 54: ! 55: the back solution is ! 56: y"n = rn/dn ! 57: ! 58: y"i = (ri-hi+1y"i+1)/di 1<_i<n ! 59: ! 60: superficially, di and ri don't have to be stored for they can be ! 61: recalculated backward by the formulas ! 62: ! 63: di-1 = hi2/(ai-di) 1<i<_n ! 64: ! 65: ri-1 = (bi-ri)di-1/hi 1<i<_n ! 66: ! 67: unhappily it turns out that the recursion forward for d ! 68: is quite strongly geometrically convergent--and is wildly ! 69: unstable going backward. ! 70: There's similar trouble with r, so the intermediate ! 71: results must be kept. ! 72: ! 73: Note that n-1 in the program below plays the role of n+1 in the theory ! 74: ! 75: Other boundary conditions_________________________ ! 76: ! 77: The boundary conditions are easily generalized to handle ! 78: ! 79: y0" = ky1", yn+1" = kyn" ! 80: ! 81: for some constant k. The above analysis was for k = 0; ! 82: k = 1 fits parabolas perfectly as well as stright lines; ! 83: k = 1/2 has been recommended as somehow pleasant. ! 84: ! 85: All that is necessary is to add h1 to a1 and hn+1 to an. ! 86: ! 87: ! 88: Periodic case_____________ ! 89: ! 90: To do this, add 1 more row and column thus ! 91: ! 92: | a1 h2 h1 | |y1"| |b1| ! 93: | h2 a2 h3 | |y2"| |b2| ! 94: | h3 a4 h4 | |y3"| |b3| ! 95: | | | .| = | .| ! 96: | . | | .| | .| ! 97: | h1 h0 a0 | | .| | .| ! 98: ! 99: where h0=_ hn+1 ! 100: ! 101: The same diagonalization procedure works, except for ! 102: the effect of the 2 corner elements. Let si be the part ! 103: of the last element in the ith "diagonalized" row that ! 104: arises from the extra top corner element. ! 105: ! 106: s1 = h1 ! 107: ! 108: si = -si-1hi/di-1 2<_i<_n+1 ! 109: ! 110: After "diagonalizing", the lower corner element remains. ! 111: Call ti the bottom element that appears in the ith colomn ! 112: as the bottom element to its left is eliminated ! 113: ! 114: t1 = h1 ! 115: ! 116: ti = -ti-1hi/di-1 ! 117: ! 118: Evidently ti = si. ! 119: Elimination along the bottom row ! 120: introduces further corrections to the bottom right element ! 121: and to the last element of the right hand side. ! 122: Call these corrections u and v. ! 123: ! 124: u1 = v1 = 0 ! 125: ! 126: ui = ui-1-si-1*ti-1/di-1 ! 127: ! 128: vi = vi-1-ri-1*ti-1/di-1 2<_i<_n+1 ! 129: ! 130: The back solution is now obtained as follows ! 131: ! 132: y"n+1 = (rn+1+vn+1)/(dn+1+sn+1+tn+1+un+1) ! 133: ! 134: y"i = (ri-hi+1*yi+1-si*yn+1)/di 1<_i<_n ! 135: ! 136: Interpolation in the interval xi<_x<_xi+1 is by the formula ! 137: ! 138: y = yix+ + yi+1x- -(h2i+1/6)[y"i(x+-x+3)+y"i+1(x--x-3)] ! 139: where ! 140: x+ = xi+1-x ! 141: ! 142: x- = x-xi ! 143: */ ! 144: ! 145: float ! 146: rhs(i){ ! 147: int i_; ! 148: double zz; ! 149: i_ = i==n-1?0:i; ! 150: zz = (y.val[i]-y.val[i-1])/(x.val[i]-x.val[i-1]); ! 151: return(6*((y.val[i_+1]-y.val[i_])/(x.val[i+1]-x.val[i]) - zz)); ! 152: } ! 153: ! 154: spline(){ ! 155: float d,s,u,v,hi,hi1; ! 156: float h; ! 157: float D2yi,D2yi1,D2yn1,x0,x1,yy,a; ! 158: int end; ! 159: float corr; ! 160: int i,j,m; ! 161: if(n<3) return(0); ! 162: if(periodic) konst = 0; ! 163: d = 1; ! 164: r[0] = 0; ! 165: s = periodic?-1:0; ! 166: for(i=0;++i<n-!periodic;){ /* triangularize */ ! 167: hi = x.val[i]-x.val[i-1]; ! 168: hi1 = i==n-1?x.val[1]-x.val[0]: ! 169: x.val[i+1]-x.val[i]; ! 170: if(hi1*hi<=0) return(0); ! 171: u = i==1?zero:u-s*s/d; ! 172: v = i==1?zero:v-s*r[i-1]/d; ! 173: r[i] = rhs(i)-hi*r[i-1]/d; ! 174: s = -hi*s/d; ! 175: a = 2*(hi+hi1); ! 176: if(i==1) a += konst*hi; ! 177: if(i==n-2) a += konst*hi1; ! 178: diag[i] = d = i==1? a: ! 179: a - hi*hi/d; ! 180: } ! 181: D2yi = D2yn1 = 0; ! 182: for(i=n-!periodic;--i>=0;){ /* back substitute */ ! 183: end = i==n-1; ! 184: hi1 = end?x.val[1]-x.val[0]: ! 185: x.val[i+1]-x.val[i]; ! 186: D2yi1 = D2yi; ! 187: if(i>0){ ! 188: hi = x.val[i]-x.val[i-1]; ! 189: corr = end?2*s+u:zero; ! 190: D2yi = (end*v+r[i]-hi1*D2yi1-s*D2yn1)/ ! 191: (diag[i]+corr); ! 192: if(end) D2yn1 = D2yi; ! 193: if(i>1){ ! 194: a = 2*(hi+hi1); ! 195: if(i==1) a += konst*hi; ! 196: if(i==n-2) a += konst*hi1; ! 197: d = diag[i-1]; ! 198: s = -s*d/hi; ! 199: }} ! 200: else D2yi = D2yn1; ! 201: if(!periodic) { ! 202: if(i==0) D2yi = konst*D2yi1; ! 203: if(i==n-2) D2yi1 = konst*D2yi; ! 204: } ! 205: if(end) continue; ! 206: m = hi1>0?ni:-ni; ! 207: m = 1.001*m*hi1/(x.ub-x.lb); ! 208: if(m<=0) m = 1; ! 209: h = hi1/m; ! 210: for(j=m;j>0||i==0&&j==0;j--){ /* interpolate */ ! 211: x0 = (m-j)*h/hi1; ! 212: x1 = j*h/hi1; ! 213: yy = D2yi*(x0-x0*x0*x0)+D2yi1*(x1-x1*x1*x1); ! 214: yy = y.val[i]*x0+y.val[i+1]*x1 -hi1*hi1*yy/6; ! 215: printf("%f ",x.val[i]+j*h); ! 216: printf("%f\n",yy); ! 217: } ! 218: } ! 219: return(1); ! 220: } ! 221: readin() { ! 222: for(n=0;n<NP;n++){ ! 223: if(auta) x.val[n] = n*dx+x.lb; ! 224: else if(!getfloat(&x.val[n])) break; ! 225: if(!getfloat(&y.val[n])) break; } } ! 226: ! 227: getfloat(p) ! 228: float *p;{ ! 229: char buf[30]; ! 230: register c; ! 231: int i; ! 232: extern double atof(); ! 233: for(;;){ ! 234: c = getchar(); ! 235: if (c==EOF) { ! 236: *buf = '\0'; ! 237: return(0); ! 238: } ! 239: *buf = c; ! 240: switch(*buf){ ! 241: case ' ': ! 242: case '\t': ! 243: case '\n': ! 244: continue;} ! 245: break;} ! 246: for(i=1;i<30;i++){ ! 247: c = getchar(); ! 248: if (c==EOF) { ! 249: buf[i] = '\0'; ! 250: break; ! 251: } ! 252: buf[i] = c; ! 253: if('0'<=c && c<='9') continue; ! 254: switch(c) { ! 255: case '.': ! 256: case '+': ! 257: case '-': ! 258: case 'E': ! 259: case 'e': ! 260: continue;} ! 261: break; } ! 262: buf[i] = ' '; ! 263: *p = atof(buf); ! 264: return(1); } ! 265: ! 266: getlim(p) ! 267: struct proj *p; { ! 268: int i; ! 269: for(i=0;i<n;i++) { ! 270: if(!p->lbf && p->lb>(p->val[i])) p->lb = p->val[i]; ! 271: if(!p->ubf && p->ub<(p->val[i])) p->ub = p->val[i]; } ! 272: } ! 273: ! 274: ! 275: main(argc,argv) ! 276: char *argv[];{ ! 277: extern char *malloc(); ! 278: int i; ! 279: x.lbf = x.ubf = y.lbf = y.ubf = 0; ! 280: x.lb = INF; ! 281: x.ub = -INF; ! 282: y.lb = INF; ! 283: y.ub = -INF; ! 284: while(--argc > 0) { ! 285: argv++; ! 286: again: switch(argv[0][0]) { ! 287: case '-': ! 288: argv[0]++; ! 289: goto again; ! 290: case 'a': ! 291: auta = 1; ! 292: numb(&dx,&argc,&argv); ! 293: break; ! 294: case 'k': ! 295: numb(&konst,&argc,&argv); ! 296: break; ! 297: case 'n': ! 298: numb(&ni,&argc,&argv); ! 299: break; ! 300: case 'p': ! 301: periodic = 1; ! 302: break; ! 303: case 'x': ! 304: if(!numb(&x.lb,&argc,&argv)) break; ! 305: x.lbf = 1; ! 306: if(!numb(&x.ub,&argc,&argv)) break; ! 307: x.ubf = 1; ! 308: break; ! 309: default: ! 310: fprintf(stderr, "Bad agrument\n"); ! 311: exit(1); ! 312: } ! 313: } ! 314: if(auta&&!x.lbf) x.lb = 0; ! 315: readin(); ! 316: getlim(&x); ! 317: getlim(&y); ! 318: i = (n+1)*sizeof(dx); ! 319: diag = (float *)malloc((unsigned)i); ! 320: r = (float *)malloc((unsigned)i); ! 321: if(r==NULL||!spline()) for(i=0;i<n;i++){ ! 322: printf("%f ",x.val[i]); ! 323: printf("%f\n",y.val[i]); } ! 324: } ! 325: numb(np,argcp,argvp) ! 326: int *argcp; ! 327: float *np; ! 328: char ***argvp;{ ! 329: double atof(); ! 330: char c; ! 331: if(*argcp<=1) return(0); ! 332: c = (*argvp)[1][0]; ! 333: if(!('0'<=c&&c<='9' || c=='-' || c== '.' )) return(0); ! 334: *np = atof((*argvp)[1]); ! 335: (*argcp)--; ! 336: (*argvp)++; ! 337: return(1); } ! 338:
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