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Annotation of 43BSD/usr.lib/sendmail/doc/sendmail.8, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .TH SENDMAIL 8
        !             2: .\"    @(#)sendmail.8  4.3             12/27/83
        !             3: .UC 4
        !             4: .SH NAME
        !             5: sendmail \- send mail over the internet
        !             6: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             7: .B /usr/lib/sendmail
        !             8: [
        !             9: flags
        !            10: ] [
        !            11: address ...
        !            12: ]
        !            13: .PP
        !            14: .B newaliases
        !            15: .PP
        !            16: .B mailq
        !            17: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            18: .I Sendmail
        !            19: sends a message to one or more people,
        !            20: routing the message over whatever networks
        !            21: are necessary.
        !            22: .I Sendmail
        !            23: does internetwork forwarding as necessary
        !            24: to deliver the message to the correct place.
        !            25: .PP
        !            26: .I Sendmail
        !            27: is not intended as a user interface routine;
        !            28: other programs provide user-friendly
        !            29: front ends;
        !            30: .I sendmail
        !            31: is used only to deliver pre-formatted messages.
        !            32: .PP
        !            33: With no flags,
        !            34: .I sendmail
        !            35: reads its standard input
        !            36: up to a control-D
        !            37: or a line with a single dot
        !            38: and sends a copy of the letter found there
        !            39: to all of the addresses listed.
        !            40: It determines the network to use
        !            41: based on the syntax and contents of the addresses.
        !            42: .PP
        !            43: Local addresses are looked up in a file
        !            44: and aliased appropriately.
        !            45: Aliasing can be prevented by preceding the address
        !            46: with a backslash.
        !            47: Normally the sender is not included in any alias
        !            48: expansions, e.g.,
        !            49: if `john' sends to `group',
        !            50: and `group' includes `john' in the expansion,
        !            51: then the letter will not be delivered to `john'.
        !            52: .PP
        !            53: Flags are:
        !            54: .TP 1.2i
        !            55: .B \-ba
        !            56: Go into \s-1ARPANET\s0 mode.
        !            57: All input lines must end with a CR-LF,
        !            58: and all messages will be generated with a CR-LF at the end.
        !            59: Also,
        !            60: the ``From:'' and ``Sender:''
        !            61: fields are examined for the name of the sender.
        !            62: .TP 1.2i
        !            63: .B \-bd
        !            64: Run as a daemon.  This requires Berkeley IPC.
        !            65: .TP 1.2i
        !            66: .B \-bi
        !            67: Initialize the alias database.
        !            68: .TP 1.2i
        !            69: .B \-bm
        !            70: Deliver mail in the usual way (default).
        !            71: .TP 1.2i
        !            72: .B \-bp
        !            73: Print a listing of the queue.
        !            74: .TP 1.2i
        !            75: .B \-bs
        !            76: Use the \s-2SMTP\s0 protocol as described in RFC821.
        !            77: This flag implies all the operations of the
        !            78: .B \-ba
        !            79: flag that are compatible with \s-2SMTP\s0.
        !            80: .TP 1.2i
        !            81: .B \-bt
        !            82: Run in address test mode.
        !            83: This mode reads addresses and shows the steps in parsing;
        !            84: it is used for debugging configuration tables.
        !            85: .TP 1.2i
        !            86: .B \-bv
        !            87: Verify names only \- do not try to collect or deliver a message.
        !            88: Verify mode is normally used for validating
        !            89: users or mailing lists.
        !            90: .TP 1.2i
        !            91: .B \-bz
        !            92: Create the configuration freeze file.
        !            93: .TP 1.2i
        !            94: .BI \-C file
        !            95: Use alternate configuration file.
        !            96: .TP 1.2i
        !            97: .BI \-d X
        !            98: Set debugging value to
        !            99: .I X.
        !           100: .TP 1.2i
        !           101: .BI \-F fullname
        !           102: Set the full name of the sender.
        !           103: .TP 1.2i
        !           104: .BI \-f name
        !           105: Sets the name of the ``from'' person
        !           106: (i.e., the sender of the mail).
        !           107: .B \-f
        !           108: can only be used
        !           109: by the special users
        !           110: .I root,
        !           111: .I daemon,
        !           112: and
        !           113: .I network,
        !           114: or if the person you are trying to become
        !           115: is the same as the person you are.
        !           116: .TP 1.2i
        !           117: .BI \-h N
        !           118: Set the hop count to
        !           119: .I N.
        !           120: The hop count is incremented every time the mail is
        !           121: processed.
        !           122: When it reaches a limit,
        !           123: the mail is returned with an error message,
        !           124: the victim of an aliasing loop.
        !           125: .TP 1.2i
        !           126: .B \-n
        !           127: Don't do aliasing.
        !           128: .TP 1.2i
        !           129: .BI \-o x\|value
        !           130: Set option
        !           131: .I x
        !           132: to the specified
        !           133: .I value.
        !           134: Options are described below.
        !           135: .TP 1.2i
        !           136: .BI \-q[ time ]
        !           137: Processed saved messages in the queue at given intervals.
        !           138: If
        !           139: .IT time
        !           140: is omitted,
        !           141: process the queue once.
        !           142: .IT Time
        !           143: is given as a tagged number,
        !           144: with `s' being seconds,
        !           145: `m' being minutes,
        !           146: `h' being hours,
        !           147: `d' being days,
        !           148: and
        !           149: `w' being weeks.
        !           150: For example,
        !           151: ``\-q1h30m'' or ``\-q90m''
        !           152: would both set the timeout to one hour thirty minutes.
        !           153: .TP 1.2i
        !           154: .BI \-r name
        !           155: An alternate and obsolete form of the
        !           156: .B \-f
        !           157: flag.
        !           158: .TP 1.2i
        !           159: .B \-t
        !           160: Read message for recipients.
        !           161: To:, Cc:, and Bcc: lines will be scanned for people to send to.
        !           162: The Bcc: line will be deleted before transmission.
        !           163: Any addresses in the argument list will be suppressed.
        !           164: .TP 1.2i
        !           165: .B \-v
        !           166: Go into verbose mode.
        !           167: Alias expansions will be announced, etc.
        !           168: .PP
        !           169: There are also a number of processing options that may be set.
        !           170: Normally these will only be used by a system administrator.
        !           171: Options may be set either on the command line
        !           172: using the
        !           173: .B \-o
        !           174: flag
        !           175: or in the configuration file.
        !           176: These are described in detail in the
        !           177: .ul
        !           178: Installation and Operation Guide.
        !           179: The options are:
        !           180: .TP 1.2i
        !           181: .RI A file
        !           182: Use alternate alias file.
        !           183: .TP 1.2i
        !           184: c
        !           185: On mailers that are considered ``expensive'' to connect to,
        !           186: don't initiate immediate connection.
        !           187: This requires queueing.
        !           188: .TP 1.2i
        !           189: .RI d x
        !           190: Set the delivery mode to
        !           191: .I x.
        !           192: Delivery modes are
        !           193: `i' for interactive (synchronous) delivery,
        !           194: `b' for background (asynchronous) delivery,
        !           195: and
        !           196: `q' for queue only \- i.e.,
        !           197: actual delivery is done the next time the queue is run.
        !           198: .TP 1.2i
        !           199: D
        !           200: Try to automatically rebuild the alias database
        !           201: if necessary.
        !           202: .TP 1.2i
        !           203: .RI e x
        !           204: Set error processing to mode
        !           205: .I x.
        !           206: Valid modes are
        !           207: `m' to mail back the error message,
        !           208: `w' to ``write'' back the error message
        !           209: (or mail it back if the sender is not logged in),
        !           210: `p' to print the errors on the terminal
        !           211: (default),
        !           212: `q' to throw away error messages
        !           213: (only exit status is returned),
        !           214: and `e'
        !           215: to do special processing for the BerkNet.
        !           216: If the text of the message is not mailed back
        !           217: by
        !           218: modes `m' or `w'
        !           219: and if the sender is local to this machine,
        !           220: a copy of the message is appended to the file
        !           221: ``dead.letter''
        !           222: in the sender's home directory.
        !           223: .TP 1.2i
        !           224: .RI F mode
        !           225: The mode to use when creating temporary files.
        !           226: .TP 1.2i
        !           227: f
        !           228: Save UNIX-style From lines at the front of messages.
        !           229: .TP 1.2i
        !           230: .RI g N
        !           231: The default group id to use when calling mailers.
        !           232: .TP 1.2i
        !           233: .RI H file
        !           234: The SMTP help file.
        !           235: .TP 1.2i
        !           236: i
        !           237: Do not take dots on a line by themselves
        !           238: as a message terminator.
        !           239: .TP 1.2i
        !           240: .RI L n
        !           241: The log level.
        !           242: .TP 1.2i
        !           243: m
        !           244: Send to ``me'' (the sender) also if I am in an alias expansion.
        !           245: .TP 1.2i
        !           246: o
        !           247: If set, this message may have
        !           248: old style headers.
        !           249: If not set,
        !           250: this message is guaranteed to have new style headers
        !           251: (i.e., commas instead of spaces between addresses).
        !           252: If set, an adaptive algorithm is used that will correctly
        !           253: determine the header format in most cases.
        !           254: .TP 1.2i
        !           255: .RI Q queuedir
        !           256: Select the directory in which to queue messages.
        !           257: .TP 1.2i
        !           258: .RI r timeout
        !           259: The timeout on reads;
        !           260: if none is set,
        !           261: .I sendmail
        !           262: will wait forever for a mailer.
        !           263: .TP 1.2i
        !           264: .RI S file
        !           265: Save statistics in the named file.
        !           266: .TP 1.2i
        !           267: s
        !           268: Always instantiate the queue file,
        !           269: even under circumstances where it is not strictly necessary.
        !           270: .TP 1.2i
        !           271: .RI T time
        !           272: Set the timeout on messages in the queue to the specified time.
        !           273: After sitting in the queue for this amount of time,
        !           274: they will be returned to the sender.
        !           275: The default is three days.
        !           276: .TP 1.2i
        !           277: .RI t stz,dtz
        !           278: Set the name of the time zone.
        !           279: .TP 1.2i
        !           280: .RI u N
        !           281: Set the default user id for mailers.
        !           282: .PP
        !           283: If the first character of the user name
        !           284: is a vertical bar,
        !           285: the rest of the user name is used as the name of a program
        !           286: to pipe the mail to.
        !           287: It may be necessary to quote the name of the user
        !           288: to keep
        !           289: .I sendmail
        !           290: from suppressing the blanks from between arguments.
        !           291: .PP
        !           292: .I Sendmail
        !           293: returns an exit status
        !           294: describing what it did.
        !           295: The codes are defined in
        !           296: .RI < sysexits.h >
        !           297: .ta 3n +\w'EX_UNAVAILABLE'u+3n
        !           298: .de XX
        !           299: .ti \n(.iu
        !           300: ..
        !           301: .in +\w'EX_UNAVAILABLE'u+6n
        !           302: .XX
        !           303:        EX_OK   Successful completion on all addresses.
        !           304: .XX
        !           305:        EX_NOUSER       User name not recognized.
        !           306: .XX
        !           307:        EX_UNAVAILABLE  Catchall meaning necessary resources
        !           308: were not available.
        !           309: .XX
        !           310:        EX_SYNTAX       Syntax error in address.
        !           311: .XX
        !           312:        EX_SOFTWARE     Internal software error,
        !           313: including bad arguments.
        !           314: .XX
        !           315:        EX_OSERR        Temporary operating system error,
        !           316: such as \*(lqcannot fork\*(rq.
        !           317: .XX
        !           318:        EX_NOHOST       Host name not recognized.
        !           319: .XX
        !           320:        EX_TEMPFAIL     Message could not be sent immediately,
        !           321: but was queued.
        !           322: .PP
        !           323: If invoked as
        !           324: .I newaliases,
        !           325: .I sendmail
        !           326: will rebuild the alias database.
        !           327: If invoked as
        !           328: .I mailq,
        !           329: .I sendmail
        !           330: will print the contents of the mail queue.
        !           331: .SH FILES
        !           332: Except for
        !           333: /usr/lib/sendmail.cf,
        !           334: these pathnames are all specified in
        !           335: /usr/lib/sendmail.cf.
        !           336: Thus,
        !           337: these values are only approximations.
        !           338: .PP
        !           339: .if t .ta 2i
        !           340: .if n .ta 3i
        !           341: /usr/lib/aliases       raw data for alias names
        !           342: .br
        !           343: /usr/lib/aliases.pag
        !           344: .br
        !           345: /usr/lib/aliases.dir   data base of alias names
        !           346: .br
        !           347: /usr/lib/sendmail.cf   configuration file
        !           348: .br
        !           349: /usr/lib/sendmail.fc   frozen configuration
        !           350: .br
        !           351: /usr/lib/sendmail.hf   help file
        !           352: .br
        !           353: /usr/lib/sendmail.st   collected statistics
        !           354: .br
        !           355: /usr/bin/uux   to deliver uucp mail
        !           356: .br
        !           357: /usr/net/bin/v6mail    to deliver local mail
        !           358: .br
        !           359: /usr/net/bin/sendberkmail      to deliver Berknet mail
        !           360: .br
        !           361: /usr/lib/mailers/arpa  to deliver ARPANET mail
        !           362: .br
        !           363: /usr/spool/mqueue/*    temp files
        !           364: .br
        !           365: .SH SEE ALSO
        !           366: biff(1),
        !           367: binmail(1),
        !           368: mail(1),
        !           369: rmail(1),
        !           370: aliases(5),
        !           371: mailaddr(7);
        !           372: .br
        !           373: DARPA Internet Request For Comments
        !           374: RFC819, RFC821, RFC822;
        !           375: .br
        !           376: .ul
        !           377: Sendmail \- An Internetwork Mail Router;
        !           378: .br
        !           379: .ul
        !           380: Sendmail Installation and Operation Guide.
        !           381: .SH BUGS
        !           382: .I Sendmail
        !           383: converts blanks in addresses to dots.
        !           384: This is incorrect according to the
        !           385: old
        !           386: .SM ARPANET
        !           387: mail protocol RFC733 (NIC 41952),
        !           388: but is consistent with the
        !           389: new protocols
        !           390: (RFC822).

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