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1.1 root 1: .TH SENDMAIL 8
2: .\" @(#)sendmail.8 4.3 12/27/83
3: .UC 4
4: .SH NAME
5: sendmail \- send mail over the internet
6: .SH SYNOPSIS
7: .B /usr/lib/sendmail
8: [
9: flags
10: ] [
11: address ...
12: ]
13: .PP
14: .B newaliases
15: .PP
16: .B mailq
17: .SH DESCRIPTION
18: .I Sendmail
19: sends a message to one or more people,
20: routing the message over whatever networks
21: are necessary.
22: .I Sendmail
23: does internetwork forwarding as necessary
24: to deliver the message to the correct place.
25: .PP
26: .I Sendmail
27: is not intended as a user interface routine;
28: other programs provide user-friendly
29: front ends;
30: .I sendmail
31: is used only to deliver pre-formatted messages.
32: .PP
33: With no flags,
34: .I sendmail
35: reads its standard input
36: up to a control-D
37: or a line with a single dot
38: and sends a copy of the letter found there
39: to all of the addresses listed.
40: It determines the network to use
41: based on the syntax and contents of the addresses.
42: .PP
43: Local addresses are looked up in a file
44: and aliased appropriately.
45: Aliasing can be prevented by preceding the address
46: with a backslash.
47: Normally the sender is not included in any alias
48: expansions, e.g.,
49: if `john' sends to `group',
50: and `group' includes `john' in the expansion,
51: then the letter will not be delivered to `john'.
52: .PP
53: Flags are:
54: .TP 1.2i
55: .B \-ba
56: Go into \s-1ARPANET\s0 mode.
57: All input lines must end with a CR-LF,
58: and all messages will be generated with a CR-LF at the end.
59: Also,
60: the ``From:'' and ``Sender:''
61: fields are examined for the name of the sender.
62: .TP 1.2i
63: .B \-bd
64: Run as a daemon. This requires Berkeley IPC.
65: .TP 1.2i
66: .B \-bi
67: Initialize the alias database.
68: .TP 1.2i
69: .B \-bm
70: Deliver mail in the usual way (default).
71: .TP 1.2i
72: .B \-bp
73: Print a listing of the queue.
74: .TP 1.2i
75: .B \-bs
76: Use the \s-2SMTP\s0 protocol as described in RFC821.
77: This flag implies all the operations of the
78: .B \-ba
79: flag that are compatible with \s-2SMTP\s0.
80: .TP 1.2i
81: .B \-bt
82: Run in address test mode.
83: This mode reads addresses and shows the steps in parsing;
84: it is used for debugging configuration tables.
85: .TP 1.2i
86: .B \-bv
87: Verify names only \- do not try to collect or deliver a message.
88: Verify mode is normally used for validating
89: users or mailing lists.
90: .TP 1.2i
91: .B \-bz
92: Create the configuration freeze file.
93: .TP 1.2i
94: .BI \-C file
95: Use alternate configuration file.
96: .TP 1.2i
97: .BI \-d X
98: Set debugging value to
99: .I X.
100: .TP 1.2i
101: .BI \-F fullname
102: Set the full name of the sender.
103: .TP 1.2i
104: .BI \-f name
105: Sets the name of the ``from'' person
106: (i.e., the sender of the mail).
107: .B \-f
108: can only be used
109: by the special users
110: .I root,
111: .I daemon,
112: and
113: .I network,
114: or if the person you are trying to become
115: is the same as the person you are.
116: .TP 1.2i
117: .BI \-h N
118: Set the hop count to
119: .I N.
120: The hop count is incremented every time the mail is
121: processed.
122: When it reaches a limit,
123: the mail is returned with an error message,
124: the victim of an aliasing loop.
125: .TP 1.2i
126: .B \-n
127: Don't do aliasing.
128: .TP 1.2i
129: .BI \-o x\|value
130: Set option
131: .I x
132: to the specified
133: .I value.
134: Options are described below.
135: .TP 1.2i
136: .BI \-q[ time ]
137: Processed saved messages in the queue at given intervals.
138: If
139: .IT time
140: is omitted,
141: process the queue once.
142: .IT Time
143: is given as a tagged number,
144: with `s' being seconds,
145: `m' being minutes,
146: `h' being hours,
147: `d' being days,
148: and
149: `w' being weeks.
150: For example,
151: ``\-q1h30m'' or ``\-q90m''
152: would both set the timeout to one hour thirty minutes.
153: .TP 1.2i
154: .BI \-r name
155: An alternate and obsolete form of the
156: .B \-f
157: flag.
158: .TP 1.2i
159: .B \-t
160: Read message for recipients.
161: To:, Cc:, and Bcc: lines will be scanned for people to send to.
162: The Bcc: line will be deleted before transmission.
163: Any addresses in the argument list will be suppressed.
164: .TP 1.2i
165: .B \-v
166: Go into verbose mode.
167: Alias expansions will be announced, etc.
168: .PP
169: There are also a number of processing options that may be set.
170: Normally these will only be used by a system administrator.
171: Options may be set either on the command line
172: using the
173: .B \-o
174: flag
175: or in the configuration file.
176: These are described in detail in the
177: .ul
178: Installation and Operation Guide.
179: The options are:
180: .TP 1.2i
181: .RI A file
182: Use alternate alias file.
183: .TP 1.2i
184: c
185: On mailers that are considered ``expensive'' to connect to,
186: don't initiate immediate connection.
187: This requires queueing.
188: .TP 1.2i
189: .RI d x
190: Set the delivery mode to
191: .I x.
192: Delivery modes are
193: `i' for interactive (synchronous) delivery,
194: `b' for background (asynchronous) delivery,
195: and
196: `q' for queue only \- i.e.,
197: actual delivery is done the next time the queue is run.
198: .TP 1.2i
199: D
200: Try to automatically rebuild the alias database
201: if necessary.
202: .TP 1.2i
203: .RI e x
204: Set error processing to mode
205: .I x.
206: Valid modes are
207: `m' to mail back the error message,
208: `w' to ``write'' back the error message
209: (or mail it back if the sender is not logged in),
210: `p' to print the errors on the terminal
211: (default),
212: `q' to throw away error messages
213: (only exit status is returned),
214: and `e'
215: to do special processing for the BerkNet.
216: If the text of the message is not mailed back
217: by
218: modes `m' or `w'
219: and if the sender is local to this machine,
220: a copy of the message is appended to the file
221: ``dead.letter''
222: in the sender's home directory.
223: .TP 1.2i
224: .RI F mode
225: The mode to use when creating temporary files.
226: .TP 1.2i
227: f
228: Save UNIX-style From lines at the front of messages.
229: .TP 1.2i
230: .RI g N
231: The default group id to use when calling mailers.
232: .TP 1.2i
233: .RI H file
234: The SMTP help file.
235: .TP 1.2i
236: i
237: Do not take dots on a line by themselves
238: as a message terminator.
239: .TP 1.2i
240: .RI L n
241: The log level.
242: .TP 1.2i
243: m
244: Send to ``me'' (the sender) also if I am in an alias expansion.
245: .TP 1.2i
246: o
247: If set, this message may have
248: old style headers.
249: If not set,
250: this message is guaranteed to have new style headers
251: (i.e., commas instead of spaces between addresses).
252: If set, an adaptive algorithm is used that will correctly
253: determine the header format in most cases.
254: .TP 1.2i
255: .RI Q queuedir
256: Select the directory in which to queue messages.
257: .TP 1.2i
258: .RI r timeout
259: The timeout on reads;
260: if none is set,
261: .I sendmail
262: will wait forever for a mailer.
263: .TP 1.2i
264: .RI S file
265: Save statistics in the named file.
266: .TP 1.2i
267: s
268: Always instantiate the queue file,
269: even under circumstances where it is not strictly necessary.
270: .TP 1.2i
271: .RI T time
272: Set the timeout on messages in the queue to the specified time.
273: After sitting in the queue for this amount of time,
274: they will be returned to the sender.
275: The default is three days.
276: .TP 1.2i
277: .RI t stz,dtz
278: Set the name of the time zone.
279: .TP 1.2i
280: .RI u N
281: Set the default user id for mailers.
282: .PP
283: If the first character of the user name
284: is a vertical bar,
285: the rest of the user name is used as the name of a program
286: to pipe the mail to.
287: It may be necessary to quote the name of the user
288: to keep
289: .I sendmail
290: from suppressing the blanks from between arguments.
291: .PP
292: .I Sendmail
293: returns an exit status
294: describing what it did.
295: The codes are defined in
296: .RI < sysexits.h >
297: .ta 3n +\w'EX_UNAVAILABLE'u+3n
298: .de XX
299: .ti \n(.iu
300: ..
301: .in +\w'EX_UNAVAILABLE'u+6n
302: .XX
303: EX_OK Successful completion on all addresses.
304: .XX
305: EX_NOUSER User name not recognized.
306: .XX
307: EX_UNAVAILABLE Catchall meaning necessary resources
308: were not available.
309: .XX
310: EX_SYNTAX Syntax error in address.
311: .XX
312: EX_SOFTWARE Internal software error,
313: including bad arguments.
314: .XX
315: EX_OSERR Temporary operating system error,
316: such as \*(lqcannot fork\*(rq.
317: .XX
318: EX_NOHOST Host name not recognized.
319: .XX
320: EX_TEMPFAIL Message could not be sent immediately,
321: but was queued.
322: .PP
323: If invoked as
324: .I newaliases,
325: .I sendmail
326: will rebuild the alias database.
327: If invoked as
328: .I mailq,
329: .I sendmail
330: will print the contents of the mail queue.
331: .SH FILES
332: Except for
333: /usr/lib/sendmail.cf,
334: these pathnames are all specified in
335: /usr/lib/sendmail.cf.
336: Thus,
337: these values are only approximations.
338: .PP
339: .if t .ta 2i
340: .if n .ta 3i
341: /usr/lib/aliases raw data for alias names
342: .br
343: /usr/lib/aliases.pag
344: .br
345: /usr/lib/aliases.dir data base of alias names
346: .br
347: /usr/lib/sendmail.cf configuration file
348: .br
349: /usr/lib/sendmail.fc frozen configuration
350: .br
351: /usr/lib/sendmail.hf help file
352: .br
353: /usr/lib/sendmail.st collected statistics
354: .br
355: /usr/bin/uux to deliver uucp mail
356: .br
357: /usr/net/bin/v6mail to deliver local mail
358: .br
359: /usr/net/bin/sendberkmail to deliver Berknet mail
360: .br
361: /usr/lib/mailers/arpa to deliver ARPANET mail
362: .br
363: /usr/spool/mqueue/* temp files
364: .br
365: .SH SEE ALSO
366: biff(1),
367: binmail(1),
368: mail(1),
369: rmail(1),
370: aliases(5),
371: mailaddr(7);
372: .br
373: DARPA Internet Request For Comments
374: RFC819, RFC821, RFC822;
375: .br
376: .ul
377: Sendmail \- An Internetwork Mail Router;
378: .br
379: .ul
380: Sendmail Installation and Operation Guide.
381: .SH BUGS
382: .I Sendmail
383: converts blanks in addresses to dots.
384: This is incorrect according to the
385: old
386: .SM ARPANET
387: mail protocol RFC733 (NIC 41952),
388: but is consistent with the
389: new protocols
390: (RFC822).
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