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1.1 root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1980 Regents of the University of California.
2: .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement
3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
4: .\"
5: .\" @(#)ls.1 6.13 (Berkeley) 6/24/90
6: .\"
7: .TH LS 1 "%Q"
8: .UC
9: .SH NAME
10: ls \- list contents of directory
11: .SH SYNOPSIS
12: .B ls
13: [
14: .B \-1AaCcdFfgikLlqRrstu
15: ] [ file ... ]
16: .br
17: .SH DESCRIPTION
18: For each directory argument,
19: .I ls
20: lists the contents of the directory;
21: for each file argument,
22: .I ls
23: repeats its name and any other information requested.
24: By default, the output is sorted alphabetically.
25: When no argument is given, the current directory is listed.
26: When several arguments are given,
27: the arguments are first sorted appropriately,
28: but file arguments are processed
29: before directories and their contents.
30: .PP
31: The options are as follows:
32: .TP
33: .B \-1
34: force one entry per line output format; this is the default when
35: output is not to a terminal.
36: .TP
37: .B \-A
38: List all entries except for ``.'' and ``..''.
39: Always set for the super-user.
40: .TP
41: .B \-a
42: List all entries; in the absence of this option, entries whose
43: names begin with a period
44: .RB ( . )
45: are
46: .I not
47: listed.
48: .TP
49: .B \-C
50: force multi-column output; this is the default when output is to a terminal.
51: .TP
52: .B \-c
53: Use time when file status was last changed for sorting or printing.
54: .TP
55: .B \-d
56: If argument is a directory, list only its name;
57: often used with \fB\-l\fR to get the status of a directory.
58: .TP
59: .B \-f
60: Don't sort the output.
61: .TP
62: .B \-F
63: cause directories to be marked with a trailing `/',
64: sockets with a trailing `=',
65: symbolic links with a trailing `@', and executable
66: files with a trailing `*'.
67: .TP
68: .B \-g
69: Include the group ownership of the file in a long output.
70: .TP
71: .B \-i
72: For each file, print the i-number in the first column of the report.
73: .TP
74: .B -k
75: Modifies the
76: .I -s
77: option, causing the sizes to be reported in kilobytes.
78: .TP
79: .B \-L
80: If argument is a symbolic link, list the file or directory the link references
81: rather than the link itself.
82: .TP
83: .B \-l
84: List in long format, giving type and mode (in the format described by
85: .IR strmode (3)),
86: number of links, owner, size in bytes, and time of last modification
87: for each file.
88: If the file is a special file the size field will instead contain
89: the major and minor device numbers.
90: If the file is a symbolic link the pathname of
91: the linked-to file is printed preceded by ``\->''.
92: .TP
93: .B \-q
94: force printing of non-graphic characters in file names as
95: the character `?'; this is the default when output is to a terminal.
96: .TP
97: .B \-R
98: recursively list subdirectories encountered.
99: .TP
100: .B \-r
101: Reverse the order of sort to get reverse alphabetic
102: or oldest first as appropriate.
103: .TP
104: .B \-s
105: Display the sizes of files and directories in 512-byte blocks.
106: .TP
107: .B \-t
108: Sort by time modified (latest first) instead of
109: by name.
110: .TP
111: .B \-u
112: Use time of last access instead of last
113: modification for sorting
114: (with the \fB\-t\fP option)
115: and/or printing (with the \fB\-l\fP option).
116: .PP
117: The
118: .IR -1 ,
119: .IR -C ,
120: and
121: .I -l
122: options all override each other; the last one specified determines
123: the format used.
124: .PP
125: The
126: .IR -c ,
127: and
128: .I -u
129: options override each other; the last one specified determines
130: the file time used.
131: .PP
132: When the sizes of the files in a directory
133: are listed, a total count of blocks,
134: including indirect blocks is printed.
135: .SH FILES
136: /etc/passwd to get user id's for
137: `ls \-l'.
138: .br
139: /etc/group to get group id's for
140: `ls \-g'.
141: .SH BUGS
142: The option setting based on whether the output is a teletype is
143: undesirable as ``ls\ \-s'' is much different than ``ls\ \-s\ |\ lpr''.
144: On the other hand, not doing this setting would make old shell scripts
145: which used
146: .I ls
147: almost certain losers.
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