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Annotation of 43BSDReno/contrib/emacs-18.55/etc/emacs.cat, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: 
        !             2: 
        !             3: 
        !             4: EMACS(1)            UNIX Programmer's Manual             EMACS(1)
        !             5: 
        !             6: 
        !             7: 
        !             8: NNAAMMEE
        !             9:      emacs - GNU project Emacs
        !            10: 
        !            11: SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
        !            12:      eemmaaccss [file ...]
        !            13: 
        !            14: DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
        !            15:      _G_N_U _E_m_a_c_s is a new version of _E_m_a_c_s, written by the author
        !            16:      of the original (PDP-10) _E_m_a_c_s, Richard Stallman. Its user
        !            17:      functionality encompasses everything other _E_m_a_c_s editors do,
        !            18:      and it is easily extensible since its editing commands are
        !            19:      written in Lisp.
        !            20: 
        !            21:      _E_m_a_c_s has an extensive interactive help facility, but the
        !            22:      facility assumes that you know how to manipulate _E_m_a_c_s win-
        !            23:      dows and buffers.  CTRL-h (backspace or CTRL-h) enters the
        !            24:      Help facility.  Help Tutorial (CTRL-h t) requests an
        !            25:      interactive tutorial which can teach beginners the fundamen-
        !            26:      tals of _E_m_a_c_s in a few minutes.  Help Apropos (CTRL-h a)
        !            27:      helps you find a command given its functionality, Help Char-
        !            28:      acter (CTRL-h c) describes a given character's effect, and
        !            29:      Help Function (CTRL-h f) describes a given Lisp function
        !            30:      specified by name.
        !            31: 
        !            32:      _E_m_a_c_s'_s Undo can undo several steps of modification to your
        !            33:      buffers, so it is easy to recover from editing mistakes.
        !            34: 
        !            35:      _G_N_U _E_m_a_c_s'_s many special packages handle mail reading
        !            36:      (RMail) and sending (Mail), outline editing (Outline), com-
        !            37:      piling (Compile), running subshells within _E_m_a_c_s windows
        !            38:      (Shell), running a Lisp read-eval-print loop (Lisp-
        !            39:      Interaction-Mode), and automated psychotherapy (Doctor).
        !            40: 
        !            41:      There is an extensive reference manual, but users of other
        !            42:      Emacses should have little trouble adapting even without a
        !            43:      copy.  Users new to _E_m_a_c_s will be able to use basic features
        !            44:      fairly rapidly by studying the tutorial and using the self-
        !            45:      documentation features.
        !            46: 
        !            47:      Emacs Options
        !            48: 
        !            49:      The following options are of general interest:
        !            50: 
        !            51:      ffiillee    Edit _f_i_l_e.
        !            52: 
        !            53:      ++nnuummbbeerr Go to the line specified by _n_u_m_b_e_r (do not insert a
        !            54:              space between the "+" sign and the number).
        !            55: 
        !            56:      --dd ddiissppllaayynnaammee
        !            57:              Create the _E_m_a_c_s window on the display specified by
        !            58:              _d_i_s_p_l_a_y_n_a_m_e. This must be the first argument listed
        !            59:              in the command line.
        !            60: 
        !            61: 
        !            62: 
        !            63: Printed 6/29/90         1987 September 1                        1
        !            64: 
        !            65: 
        !            66: 
        !            67: 
        !            68: 
        !            69: 
        !            70: EMACS(1)            UNIX Programmer's Manual             EMACS(1)
        !            71: 
        !            72: 
        !            73: 
        !            74:      --qq      Do not load an init file.
        !            75: 
        !            76:      --uu uusseerr Load _u_s_e_r'_s init file.
        !            77: 
        !            78:      --tt ffiillee Use specified _f_i_l_e as the terminal instead of using
        !            79:              stdin/stdout.  This must be the first argument
        !            80:              specified in the command line.
        !            81: 
        !            82:      The following options are lisp-oriented (these options are
        !            83:      processed in the order encountered):
        !            84: 
        !            85:      --ff ffuunnccttiioonn
        !            86:              Execute the lisp function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n.
        !            87: 
        !            88:      --ll ffiillee Load the lisp code in the file _f_i_l_e.
        !            89: 
        !            90:      The following options are useful when running _E_m_a_c_s as a
        !            91:      batch editor:
        !            92: 
        !            93:      --bbaattcchh ccoommmmaannddffiillee
        !            94:              Edit in batch mode using the commands found in _c_o_m_-
        !            95:              _m_a_n_d_f_i_l_e. The editor will send messages to stdout.
        !            96:              This option must be the first in the argument list.
        !            97: 
        !            98:      --kkiillll   Exit _E_m_a_c_s while in batch mode.
        !            99: 
        !           100:      _U_s_i_n_g _E_m_a_c_s _w_i_t_h _X
        !           101: 
        !           102:      _E_m_a_c_s has been tailored to work well with the X window sys-
        !           103:      tem.  To enable this feature, you must define the macro
        !           104:      HHAAVVEE__XX__WWIINNDDOOWWSS in the file _s_r_c/_c_o_n_f_i_g._h before compiling
        !           105:      _E_m_a_c_s. If you run _E_m_a_c_s from under X windows, it will create
        !           106:      its own X window to display in.  You will probably want to
        !           107:      start the editor as a background process so that you can
        !           108:      continue using your original window.  To use the optional X
        !           109:      Menu features, define also the macro HHAAVVEE__XX__MMEENNUU.. This macro
        !           110:      is separate from HHAAVVEE__XX__WWIINNDDOOWWSS because the Menu facility of
        !           111:      X does not work on all the systems that support X.  _E_m_a_c_s
        !           112:      can be started with the following X switches:
        !           113: 
        !           114:      --rr      Display the _E_m_a_c_s window in inverse video.
        !           115: 
        !           116:      --ii      Use the "kitchen sink" bitmap icon when iconifying
        !           117:              the _E_m_a_c_s window.
        !           118: 
        !           119:      --ffoonntt ffoonntt
        !           120:              Set the _E_m_a_c_s window's font to that specified by
        !           121:              _f_o_n_t. You will find the various _X fonts in the
        !           122:              /_u_s_r/_n_e_w/_l_i_b/_X/_f_o_n_t directory.  Note that _E_m_a_c_s will
        !           123:              only accept fixed width fonts.  These include the
        !           124:              _6_x_1_0._o_n_x, _6_x_1_3._o_n_x, _6_x_1_3_p._o_n_x, _8_x_1_3._o_n_x, and
        !           125:              _9_x_1_5._o_n_x fonts.  The other fixed width fonts are
        !           126: 
        !           127: 
        !           128: 
        !           129: Printed 6/29/90         1987 September 1                        2
        !           130: 
        !           131: 
        !           132: 
        !           133: 
        !           134: 
        !           135: 
        !           136: EMACS(1)            UNIX Programmer's Manual             EMACS(1)
        !           137: 
        !           138: 
        !           139: 
        !           140:              specified by the _f_x character sequence that comes
        !           141:              before the ._o_n_x extension.
        !           142: 
        !           143:              When you specify a font, do not include the ._o_n_x
        !           144:              extension.  Be sure to put a space between the -_f_o_n_t
        !           145:              switch and the font specification argument.
        !           146: 
        !           147:      --bb ppiixxeellss
        !           148:              Set the _E_m_a_c_s window's border width to the number of
        !           149:              pixels specified by _p_i_x_e_l_s.
        !           150: 
        !           151:      --iibb ppiixxeellss
        !           152:              Set the window's internal border width to the number
        !           153:              of pixels specified by _p_i_x_e_l_s. Defaults to one pixel
        !           154:              of padding on each side of the window.
        !           155: 
        !           156:      --ww ==[[WWIIDDTTHH]][[xxHHEEIIGGHHTT]][[{{++--}}XXOOFFFF[[{{++--}}YYOOFFFF]]]]
        !           157:              Set the _E_m_a_c_s window's width, height, and position
        !           158:              on the screen.  The []'s denote optional arguments,
        !           159:              the {}'s surround alternatives.  WIDTH and HEIGHT
        !           160:              are in number of characters, XOFF and YOFF are in
        !           161:              pixels.  WIDTH defaults to 80, HEIGHT to 24, XOFF
        !           162:              and YOFF to 1.  If you don't give XOFF and/or YOFF,
        !           163:              then you must use the mouse to create the window.
        !           164:              If you give XOFF and/or YOFF, then a WIDTHxHEIGHT
        !           165:              window will automatically be creating without inter-
        !           166:              vention.  XOFF and YOFF specify deltas from a corner
        !           167:              of the screen to the corresponding corner of the
        !           168:              window, as follows:
        !           169: 
        !           170:              +XOFF+YOFF     upper left to upper left
        !           171:              -XOFF+YOFF     upper right to upper right
        !           172:              +XOFF-YOFF     lower left to lower left
        !           173:              -XOFF-YOFF     lower right to lower right
        !           174: 
        !           175:      --ffgg ccoolloorr
        !           176:              On color displays, sets the color of the text.
        !           177: 
        !           178:      --bbgg ccoolloorr
        !           179:              On color displays, sets the color of the window's
        !           180:              background.  See the file /_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_r_g_b._t_x_t for a
        !           181:              list of valid _c_o_l_o_r names.
        !           182: 
        !           183:      --bbdd ccoolloorr
        !           184:              On color displays, sets the color of the window's
        !           185:              border.See the file /_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_r_g_b._t_x_t for a list of
        !           186:              valid _c_o_l_o_r names.
        !           187: 
        !           188:      --ccrr ccoolloorr
        !           189:              On color displays, sets the color of the window's
        !           190:              text cursor.  See the file /_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_r_g_b._t_x_t for a
        !           191:              list of valid _c_o_l_o_r names.
        !           192: 
        !           193: 
        !           194: 
        !           195: Printed 6/29/90         1987 September 1                        3
        !           196: 
        !           197: 
        !           198: 
        !           199: 
        !           200: 
        !           201: 
        !           202: EMACS(1)            UNIX Programmer's Manual             EMACS(1)
        !           203: 
        !           204: 
        !           205: 
        !           206:      --mmss ccoolloorr
        !           207:              On color displays, sets the color of the window's
        !           208:              mouse cursor.  See the file /_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_r_g_b._t_x_t for a
        !           209:              list of valid _c_o_l_o_r names.
        !           210: 
        !           211:      --dd ddiissppllaayynnaammee
        !           212:              Create the _E_m_a_c_s window on the display specified by
        !           213:              _d_i_s_p_l_a_y_n_a_m_e. Must be the first option specified in
        !           214:              the command line.  --nnww Tells _E_m_a_c_s not to use its
        !           215:              special interface to X.  If you use this switch when
        !           216:              invoking _E_m_a_c_s from an _x_t_e_r_m window, display is done
        !           217:              in the _x_t_e_r_m window.  This must be the first option
        !           218:              specified in the command line.
        !           219: 
        !           220:      You can set _X default values for your _E_m_a_c_s windows in your
        !           221:      ._X_d_e_f_a_u_l_t_s file.  Use the following format:
        !           222: 
        !           223:           emacs.keyword:value
        !           224: 
        !           225:      where _v_a_l_u_e specifies the default value of _k_e_y_w_o_r_d. _E_m_a_c_s
        !           226:      lets you set default values for the following keywords:
        !           227: 
        !           228:      BBooddyyFFoonntt
        !           229:              Sets the window's text font.
        !           230: 
        !           231:      RReevveerrsseeVViiddeeoo
        !           232:              If _R_e_v_e_r_s_e_V_i_d_e_o'_s value is set to _o_n, the window
        !           233:              will be displayed in inverse video.
        !           234: 
        !           235:      BBiittMMaappIIccoonn
        !           236:              If _B_i_t_M_a_p_I_c_o_n'_s value is set to _o_n, the window will
        !           237:              iconify into the "kitchen sink."
        !           238: 
        !           239:      BBoorrddeerrWWiiddtthh
        !           240:              Sets the window's border width in pixels.
        !           241: 
        !           242:      FFoorreeggrroouunndd
        !           243:              For color displays, sets the window's text color.
        !           244:              See the file /_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_r_g_b._t_x_t for a list of valid
        !           245:              _c_o_l_o_r names.
        !           246: 
        !           247:      BBaacckkggrroouunndd
        !           248:              For color displays, sets the window's background
        !           249:              color.  See the file /_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_r_g_b._t_x_t for a list of
        !           250:              valid _c_o_l_o_r names.
        !           251: 
        !           252:      BBoorrddeerr  For color displays, sets the color of the window's
        !           253:              border.  See the file /_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_r_g_b._t_x_t for a list of
        !           254:              valid _c_o_l_o_r names.
        !           255: 
        !           256:      CCuurrssoorr  For color displays, sets the color of the window's
        !           257:              text cursor.  See the file /_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_r_g_b._t_x_t for a
        !           258: 
        !           259: 
        !           260: 
        !           261: Printed 6/29/90         1987 September 1                        4
        !           262: 
        !           263: 
        !           264: 
        !           265: 
        !           266: 
        !           267: 
        !           268: EMACS(1)            UNIX Programmer's Manual             EMACS(1)
        !           269: 
        !           270: 
        !           271: 
        !           272:              list of valid _c_o_l_o_r names.
        !           273: 
        !           274:      MMoouussee   For color displays, sets the color of the window's
        !           275:              mouse cursor.  See the file /_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_r_g_b._t_x_t for a
        !           276:              list of valid _c_o_l_o_r names.
        !           277: 
        !           278:      If you try to set color values while using a black and white
        !           279:      display, the window's characteristics will default as fol-
        !           280:      lows: the foreground color will be set to black, the back-
        !           281:      ground color will be set to white, the border color will be
        !           282:      set to grey, and the text and mouse cursors will be set to
        !           283:      black.
        !           284: 
        !           285: 
        !           286:      _U_s_i_n_g _t_h_e _M_o_u_s_e
        !           287: 
        !           288:      The following lists the key bindings for the mouse cursor
        !           289:      when used in an _E_m_a_c_s window.
        !           290: 
        !           291: 
        !           292:      MOUSE BUTTON             FUNCTION
        !           293:      left                     set mark
        !           294:      middle                   set cursor
        !           295:      right                    select (Emacs) window
        !           296:      SHIFT-middle             put text into X cut buffer (cut text)
        !           297:      SHIFT-right              paste text
        !           298:      CTRL-middle              cut text and kill it
        !           299:      CTRL-right               select this window, then split it into
        !           300:                               two windows
        !           301:      CTRL-SHIFT-left          X buffer menu--hold the buttons and keys
        !           302:                               down, wait for menu to appear, select
        !           303:                               buffer, and release.  Move mouse out of
        !           304:                               menu and release to cancel.
        !           305:      CTRL-SHIFT-middle        X help menu--pop up index card menu for
        !           306:                               Emacs help.
        !           307:      CTRL-SHIFT-right         Select window with mouse, and delete all
        !           308:                               other windows.  Same as typing
        !           309:                               CTRL-x 1.
        !           310: 
        !           311: 
        !           312: MMAANNUUAALLSS
        !           313:      You can order printed copies of the  GNU  Emacs  Manual  for
        !           314:      $15.00/copy  postpaid  from  the  Free  Software Foundation,
        !           315:      which develops  GNU  software  (contact  them  for  quantity
        !           316:      prices on the manual).  Their address is:
        !           317:          Free Software Foundation
        !           318:          675 Mass Ave.
        !           319:          Cambridge, MA 02139
        !           320:      Your local Emacs maintainer might also  have  copies  avail-
        !           321:      able.   As  with  all  software  and  publications from FSF,
        !           322:      everyone is permitted to make and distribute copies  of  the
        !           323:      Emacs manual.  The TeX source to the manual is also included
        !           324: 
        !           325: 
        !           326: 
        !           327: Printed 6/29/90         1987 September 1                        5
        !           328: 
        !           329: 
        !           330: 
        !           331: 
        !           332: 
        !           333: 
        !           334: EMACS(1)            UNIX Programmer's Manual             EMACS(1)
        !           335: 
        !           336: 
        !           337: 
        !           338:      in the Emacs source distribution.
        !           339: 
        !           340: FFIILLEESS
        !           341:      /usr/local/emacs/src - C source files and object files
        !           342: 
        !           343:      /usr/local/emacs/lisp - Lisp source files and compiled files
        !           344:      that define most editing commands.  Some are preloaded; oth-
        !           345:      ers are autoloaded from this directory when used.
        !           346: 
        !           347:      /usr/local/emacs/man  -  sources  for  the  Emacs  reference
        !           348:      manual.
        !           349: 
        !           350:      /usr/local/emacs/etc - various programs that are  used  with
        !           351:      GNU Emacs, and some files of information.
        !           352: 
        !           353:      /usr/local/emacs/etc/DOC.*  -  contains  the   documentation
        !           354:      strings for the Lisp primitives and preloaded Lisp functions
        !           355:      of GNU Emacs.  They are stored here to reduce  the  size  of
        !           356:      Emacs proper.
        !           357: 
        !           358:      /usr/local/emacs/etc/DIFF discusses  GNU  Emacs  vs.  Twenex
        !           359:      Emacs;
        !           360:      /usr/local/emacs/etc/CCADIFF discusses  GNU  Emacs  vs.  CCA
        !           361:      Emacs;
        !           362:      /usr/local/emacs/etc/GOSDIFF discusses GNU Emacs vs. Gosling
        !           363:      Emacs.
        !           364:      /usr/local/emacs/etc/SERVICE lists people  offering  various
        !           365:      services  to assist users of GNU Emacs, including education,
        !           366:      troubleshooting, porting and customization.
        !           367:      These files also have information useful to  anyone  wishing
        !           368:      to  write  programs  in  the  Emacs Lisp extension language,
        !           369:      which has not yet been fully documented.
        !           370: 
        !           371:      /usr/local/emacs/info - files  for  the  Info  documentation
        !           372:      browser  (a  subsystem of Emacs) to refer to.  Currently not
        !           373:      much of Unix is documented here, but the  complete  text  of
        !           374:      the  Emacs reference manual is included in a convenient tree
        !           375:      structured form.
        !           376: 
        !           377:      /usr/local/emacs/lock - holds lock files that are  made  for
        !           378:      all  files  being modified in Emacs, to prevent simultaneous
        !           379:      modification of one file by two users.
        !           380: 
        !           381:      /usr/local/emacs/cpp - the  GNU  cpp,  needed  for  building
        !           382:      Emacs  on  certain  versions  of Unix where the standard cpp
        !           383:      cannot handle long names for macros.
        !           384: 
        !           385:      /usr/local/emacs/shortnames  -  facilities  for  translating
        !           386:      long  names  to  short  names in C code, needed for building
        !           387:      Emacs on certain versions of Unix where the C compiler  can-
        !           388:      not handle long names for functions or variables.
        !           389: 
        !           390: 
        !           391: 
        !           392: 
        !           393: Printed 6/29/90         1987 September 1                        6
        !           394: 
        !           395: 
        !           396: 
        !           397: 
        !           398: 
        !           399: 
        !           400: EMACS(1)            UNIX Programmer's Manual             EMACS(1)
        !           401: 
        !           402: 
        !           403: 
        !           404: BBUUGGSS
        !           405:      There is a mailing  list,  [email protected]  on
        !           406:      the    internet   (ucbvax!prep.ai.mit.edu!bug-gnu-emacs   on
        !           407:      UUCPnet), for reporting Emacs bugs and  fixes.   But  before
        !           408:      reporting  something as a bug, please try to be sure that it
        !           409:      really is a bug, not  a  misunderstanding  or  a  deliberate
        !           410:      feature.   We  ask you to read the section ``Reporting Emacs
        !           411:      Bugs'' near the end of the reference manual (or Info system)
        !           412:      for hints on how and when to report bugs.  Also, include the
        !           413:      version number of the Emacs you are  running  in  _e_v_e_r_y  bug
        !           414:      report that you send in.
        !           415: 
        !           416:      Do not expect a personal answer to a bug report.   The  pur-
        !           417:      pose  of reporting bugs is to get them fixed for everyone in
        !           418:      the next release, if  possible.   For  personal  assistance,
        !           419:      look  in  the  SERVICE file (see above) for a list of people
        !           420:      who offer it.
        !           421: 
        !           422:      Please do not send anything but bug reports to this  mailing
        !           423:      list.   Send  requests  to  be added to mailing lists to the
        !           424:      special list [email protected] (or  the
        !           425:      corresponding  UUCP  address).   For  more information about
        !           426:      Emacs      mailing      lists,      see       the       file
        !           427:      /usr/local/emacs/etc/MAILINGLISTS.  Bugs tend actually to be
        !           428:      fixed if they can be isolated, so it is in your interest  to
        !           429:      report  them  in  such  a way that they can be easily repro-
        !           430:      duced.
        !           431: 
        !           432:      Bugs that I know about are: shell will not  work  with  pro-
        !           433:      grams running in Raw mode on some Unix versions.
        !           434: 
        !           435: UUNNRREESSTTRRIICCTTIIOONNSS
        !           436:      _E_m_a_c_s is free; anyone may redistribute copies  of  _E_m_a_c_s  to
        !           437:      anyone  under  the  terms stated in the _E_m_a_c_s General Public
        !           438:      License, a copy of which accompanies each copy of _E_m_a_c_s  and
        !           439:      which also appears in the reference manual.
        !           440: 
        !           441:      Copies of _E_m_a_c_s may sometimes be received packaged with dis-
        !           442:      tributions  of Unix systems, but it is never included in the
        !           443:      scope of any license covering those systems.  Such inclusion
        !           444:      violates  the  terms on which distribution is permitted.  In
        !           445:      fact, the primary purpose of the General Public  License  is
        !           446:      to  prohibit anyone from attaching any other restrictions to
        !           447:      redistribution of _E_m_a_c_s.
        !           448: 
        !           449:      Richard Stallman encourages you to improve and extend _E_m_a_c_s,
        !           450:      and  urges  that  you  contribute your extensions to the GNU
        !           451:      library.  Eventually GNU (Gnu's Not Unix) will be a complete
        !           452:      replacement for Berkeley Unix.  Everyone will be able to use
        !           453:      the GNU system for free.
        !           454: 
        !           455: 
        !           456: 
        !           457: 
        !           458: 
        !           459: Printed 6/29/90         1987 September 1                        7
        !           460: 
        !           461: 
        !           462: 
        !           463: 
        !           464: 
        !           465: 
        !           466: EMACS(1)            UNIX Programmer's Manual             EMACS(1)
        !           467: 
        !           468: 
        !           469: 
        !           470: AAUUTTHHOORRSS
        !           471:      _E_m_a_c_s was written by Richard Stallman and the Free  Software
        !           472:      Foundation.  Joachim Martillo and Robert Krawitz added the X
        !           473:      features.
        !           474: 
        !           475: 
        !           476: 
        !           477: 
        !           478: 
        !           479: 
        !           480: 
        !           481: 
        !           482: 
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        !           484: 
        !           485: 
        !           486: 
        !           487: 
        !           488: 
        !           489: 
        !           490: 
        !           491: 
        !           492: 
        !           493: 
        !           494: 
        !           495: 
        !           496: 
        !           497: 
        !           498: 
        !           499: 
        !           500: 
        !           501: 
        !           502: 
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        !           504: 
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        !           506: 
        !           507: 
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        !           519: 
        !           520: 
        !           521: 
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        !           523: 
        !           524: 
        !           525: Printed 6/29/90         1987 September 1                        8
        !           526: 
        !           527: 
        !           528: 

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