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Annotation of 43BSDReno/contrib/isode-beta/doc/cookbook/services.tex, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: % -*- LaTeX -*-                (really SLiTeX)
        !             2: 
        !             3: \begin{bwslide}
        !             4: \part  {UNDERLYING SERVICES}\bf
        !             5: 
        !             6: \begin{nrtc}
        !             7: \item  ABSTRACT SYNTAX NOTATION ONE (ASN.1)
        !             8: 
        !             9: \item  THE REMOTE OPERATIONS SERVICE
        !            10: 
        !            11: \item  THE BINDING SERVICE
        !            12: 
        !            13: \item  A DISCIPLINE FOR MEAL PREPARATION
        !            14: \end{nrtc}
        !            15: \end{bwslide}
        !            16: 
        !            17: 
        !            18: \begin{note}\em
        !            19: this part of the presentation corresponds to
        !            20: the definition of abstract syntax notation one ([ISO~8824])
        !            21: and both the old- and new-style ros
        !            22: (namely [X.410] and [ISO~9072/1]),
        !            23: along with chapter~3 of The Applications Cookbook
        !            24: \end{note}
        !            25: 
        !            26: 
        !            27: \begin{bwslide}
        !            28: \part* {ABSTRACT SYNTAX NOTATION ONE (ASN.1)}\bf
        !            29: 
        !            30: \begin{nrtc}
        !            31: \item  UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE TO DESCRIBE DATA WITH STRONG TYPING
        !            32: 
        !            33: \item  RICH, EXTENSIBLE SYNTAX
        !            34: 
        !            35: \item  USEFUL FOR SPECIFICATION OF NEW PROTOCOLS
        !            36:     \begin{nrtc}
        !            37:     \item      ``CLEAR TO READ'' SPECIFICATIONS (ha!)
        !            38: 
        !            39:     \item      NOT TIED TO MACHINE-ORIENTED STRUCTURES AND RESTRICTIONS
        !            40:     \end{nrtc}
        !            41: 
        !            42: \item  REPRESENTATION CURRENTLY USED BY ALL OSI APPLICATIONS
        !            43: \end{nrtc}
        !            44: \end{bwslide}
        !            45: 
        !            46: 
        !            47: \begin{bwslide}
        !            48: \ctitle        {SYNTAX}
        !            49: 
        !            50: \begin{nrtc}
        !            51: \item  FORMAT OF A MODULE:
        !            52: \begin{verbatim}
        !            53: <<module>> DEFINITIONS ::=
        !            54: BEGIN
        !            55: 
        !            56: <<linkage>>
        !            57: 
        !            58: <<declarations>>
        !            59: 
        !            60: END
        !            61: \end{verbatim}
        !            62: 
        !            63: \item  LINKAGE IS USED TO REFERENCE DECLARATIONS IN OTHER MODULES
        !            64: 
        !            65: \item  THREE KINDS OF DECLARATIONS
        !            66:     \begin{nrtc}
        !            67:     \item      TYPES: DATA STRUCTURES  
        !            68: 
        !            69:     \item      VALUES: INSTANCES OF TYPES
        !            70: 
        !            71:     \item      MACROS: LANGUAGE EXTENSION
        !            72:     \end{nrtc}
        !            73: \end{nrtc}
        !            74: \end{bwslide}
        !            75: 
        !            76: 
        !            77: \begin{bwslide}
        !            78: \ctitle        {SOME EXAMPLES:\\ LINKAGE}
        !            79: 
        !            80: \vskip.5in
        !            81: \begin{verbatim}
        !            82: MTSAbstractService {
        !            83:     joint-iso-ccitt mhs-motis(6) mts(3) modules(0)
        !            84:         mts-abstract-service(3)
        !            85: } DEFINITIONS ::=
        !            86: 
        !            87: BEGIN
        !            88:     IMPORTS OBJECT, PORT FROM AbstractServiceNotation {
        !            89:         joint-iso-ccitt mhs-motis(6) asdc(2) modules(0)
        !            90:             notation(1)
        !            91:     }
        !            92: 
        !            93: ...
        !            94: 
        !            95: END
        !            96: \end{verbatim}
        !            97: \end{bwslide}
        !            98: 
        !            99: 
        !           100: \begin{bwslide}
        !           101: \ctitle        {SOME EXAMPLES:\\ TYPES AND VALUES}
        !           102: 
        !           103: \vskip.5in
        !           104: \begin{verbatim}
        !           105: Multiple-defined-contexts ::=
        !           106:     BOOLEAN
        !           107: 
        !           108: simple Multiple-defined-contexts ::=
        !           109:     FALSE    -- or TRUE
        !           110: 
        !           111: ContentLength ::=
        !           112:     INTEGER
        !           113: 
        !           114: RegistrationMailType ::=
        !           115:     INTEGER {
        !           116:         non-registered-mail (0),
        !           117:         registered-mail (1),
        !           118:         registered-mail-to-addressee-in-person (2)
        !           119:     }
        !           120: 
        !           121: mymail RegistrationMailType ::=
        !           122:     registered-mail    --or 1
        !           123: \end{verbatim}
        !           124: \end{bwslide}
        !           125: 
        !           126: 
        !           127: \begin{bwslide}
        !           128: \ctitle        {SOME EXAMPLES:\\ TYPES AND VALUES (cont.)}
        !           129: 
        !           130: \vskip.5in
        !           131: \begin{verbatim}
        !           132: RandomNumber ::=
        !           133:     BIT STRING
        !           134: 
        !           135: Attribute-Groups ::=
        !           136:     BITSTRING {
        !           137:         storage(0), security(1), private(2)
        !           138:     }
        !           139: 
        !           140: groups Attribute-Groups ::=
        !           141:     { storage, private }    -- or '101'B
        !           142: \end{verbatim}
        !           143: \end{bwslide}
        !           144: 
        !           145: 
        !           146: \begin{bwslide}
        !           147: \ctitle        {SOME EXAMPLES:\\ TYPES AND VALUES (cont.)}
        !           148: 
        !           149: \vskip.5in
        !           150: \begin{verbatim}
        !           151: Content ::=
        !           152:     OCTET STRING
        !           153: 
        !           154: NULL
        !           155: 
        !           156: SEQUENCE
        !           157: 
        !           158: SET
        !           159: 
        !           160: BilateralInfo ::=
        !           161:     ANY
        !           162: \end{verbatim}
        !           163: \end{bwslide}
        !           164: 
        !           165: 
        !           166: \begin{bwslide}
        !           167: \ctitle        {SOME EXAMPLES:\\ TYPES AND VALUES (cont.)}
        !           168: 
        !           169: \vskip.5in
        !           170: \begin{verbatim}
        !           171: Name ::=
        !           172:     SEQUENCE OF
        !           173:         ISO8571-FADU.Node-Name
        !           174: 
        !           175: SecurityContext ::=
        !           176:     SET OF SecurityLabel
        !           177: 
        !           178: MessageDeliveryEnvelope ::=
        !           179:     SEQUENCE {
        !           180:         message-delivery-identifier
        !           181:             MessageDeliveryIdentifier,
        !           182: 
        !           183:         message-delivery-time
        !           184:             MessageDeliveryTime,
        !           185: 
        !           186:         other-fields
        !           187:             OtherMessageDeliveryFields
        !           188:     }
        !           189: \end{verbatim}
        !           190: \end{bwslide}
        !           191: 
        !           192: 
        !           193: \begin{bwslide}
        !           194: \ctitle        {SOME EXAMPLES:\\ TYPES AND VALUES (cont.)}
        !           195: 
        !           196: \vskip.5in
        !           197: \begin{verbatim}
        !           198: MessagesWaiting ::=
        !           199:     SET {
        !           200:         urgent[0]
        !           201:             DeliveryQueue,
        !           202: 
        !           203:         normal[1]
        !           204:             DeliveryQueue,
        !           205: 
        !           206:         nonUrgent[2]
        !           207:             DeliveryQueue,
        !           208:     }
        !           209: 
        !           210: queue MessagesWaiting ::=
        !           211:     {
        !           212:         urgent { ... }, normal { ... }, nonUrgent { ... }
        !           213:     }
        !           214: \end{verbatim}
        !           215: \end{bwslide}
        !           216: 
        !           217: 
        !           218: \begin{bwslide}
        !           219: \ctitle {SOME EXAMPLES:\\ TYPES AND VALUES (cont.)}\small
        !           220: 
        !           221: \vskip.5in
        !           222: \begin{verbatim}
        !           223: PerMessageSubmissionFields ::=
        !           224:     SET {
        !           225:        ...
        !           226: 
        !           227:         content-type
        !           228:             ContentType,
        !           229: 
        !           230:         content-identifier
        !           231:             ContentIdentifier
        !           232:             OPTIONAL,
        !           233: 
        !           234:         priority
        !           235:             Priority
        !           236:             DEFAULT normal,
        !           237: 
        !           238:         per-message-indicators
        !           239:             PerMessageIndicators
        !           240:             DEFAULT {},
        !           241: 
        !           242:        ...
        !           243:     }
        !           244: \end{verbatim}
        !           245: \end{bwslide}
        !           246: 
        !           247: 
        !           248: \begin{bwslide}
        !           249: \ctitle        {SOME EXAMPLES:\\ TYPES AND VALUES (cont.)}
        !           250: 
        !           251: \vskip.5in
        !           252: \begin{verbatim}
        !           253: PDU ::=
        !           254:     CHOICE {
        !           255:         FTAM-Regime-PDU,
        !           256:         File-PDU,
        !           257:         Bulk-Data-PDU
        !           258:     }
        !           259: 
        !           260: SecurityPolicyIdentifier ::=
        !           261:     OBJECT IDENTIFIER
        !           262: 
        !           263: ISO8571-FADU.Node-Name
        !           264: \end{verbatim}
        !           265: \end{bwslide}
        !           266: 
        !           267: 
        !           268: \begin{bwslide}
        !           269: \ctitle        {SOME EXAMPLES:\\ MACROS}
        !           270: 
        !           271: \vskip.5in
        !           272: \begin{verbatim}
        !           273: OPERATION MACRO ::=
        !           274:     BEGIN
        !           275:     TYPE NOTATION  ::= "ARGUMENT" NamedType Result Errors | empty
        !           276:     VALUE NOTATION ::= value (VALUE INTEGER)
        !           277:     Result         ::= "RESULT" NamedType | empty
        !           278:     Errors         ::= "ERRORS" { ErrorNames } | empty
        !           279: 
        !           280:     NamedType      ::= identifier type | type    
        !           281:     ErrorNames     ::= IdentifierList | empty
        !           282:     IdentifierList ::= identifier | IdentifierList "," identifier
        !           283:     END
        !           284: 
        !           285: users OPERATION
        !           286:         RESULT       IA5List
        !           287:         ERRORS       { congested, unableToOpenFile }
        !           288:         ::=          2
        !           289: \end{verbatim}
        !           290: \end{bwslide}
        !           291: 
        !           292: 
        !           293: \begin{bwslide}
        !           294: \ctitle {SOME EXAMPLES:\\ MACROS (cont.)}
        !           295: 
        !           296: \vskip.5in
        !           297: \begin{verbatim}
        !           298: ERROR MACRO ::=
        !           299:     BEGIN
        !           300:     TYPE NOTATION  ::= "PARAMETER" NamedType | empty
        !           301:     VALUE NOTATION ::= value (VALUE INTEGER)
        !           302: 
        !           303:     NamedType      ::= identifier type | type
        !           304:     END
        !           305: 
        !           306: unableToOpenFile
        !           307:         ERROR
        !           308:         PARAMETER    IA5List
        !           309:         ::=          2
        !           310: \end{verbatim}
        !           311: \end{bwslide}
        !           312: 
        !           313: 
        !           314: \begin{bwslide}
        !           315: \part* {THE REMOTE OPERATIONS SERVICE}\bf
        !           316: 
        !           317: \begin{nrtc}
        !           318: \item  STANDARDIZED OSI MECHANISM FOR SPECIFYING TRANSACTIONS
        !           319: 
        !           320: \item  CURRENTLY ONLY CONNECTION-ORIENTED\\
        !           321:        (i.e., ONLY CO-ROS IS DEFINED)
        !           322: 
        !           323: \item  TERMINOLOGY: ROS-USER, ROS-PROVIDER
        !           324: \end{nrtc}
        !           325: \end{bwslide}
        !           326: 
        !           327: 
        !           328: \begin{bwslide}
        !           329: \ctitle        {EXAMPLE INTERACTIONS:\\ INVOKE}
        !           330: 
        !           331: \vskip.5in
        !           332: \diagram[p]{figure25}
        !           333: \end{bwslide}
        !           334: 
        !           335: 
        !           336: \begin{bwslide}
        !           337: \ctitle        {EXAMPLE INTERACTIONS:\\ RESULT}
        !           338: 
        !           339: \vskip.5in
        !           340: \diagram[p]{figure26}
        !           341: \end{bwslide}
        !           342: 
        !           343: 
        !           344: \begin{bwslide}
        !           345: \ctitle        {EXAMPLE INTERACTIONS:\\ ERROR}
        !           346: 
        !           347: \vskip.5in
        !           348: \diagram[p]{figure27}
        !           349: \end{bwslide}
        !           350: 
        !           351: 
        !           352: \begin{bwslide}
        !           353: \ctitle        {EXAMPLE INTERACTIONS:\\ USER REJECTION}
        !           354: 
        !           355: \vskip.5in
        !           356: \diagram[p]{figure28}
        !           357: \end{bwslide}
        !           358: 
        !           359: 
        !           360: \begin{bwslide}
        !           361: \ctitle        {EXAMPLE INTERACTIONS:\\ PROVIDER REJECTION}
        !           362: 
        !           363: \vskip.5in
        !           364: \diagram[p]{figure29}
        !           365: \end{bwslide}
        !           366: 
        !           367: 
        !           368: \begin{bwslide}
        !           369: \ctitle        {RO-INVOKE SERVICE}
        !           370: 
        !           371: \begin{nrtc}
        !           372: \item  UNCONFIRMED SERVICE:\\ RO-INVOKE.REQUEST, RO-INVOKE.INDICATION
        !           373: 
        !           374: \item  PARAMETERS
        !           375: \[\begin{tabular}{ll}
        !           376:     OPERATION NUMBER&          integer\\
        !           377:     OPERATION CLASS&           (a)synchronous (local)\\
        !           378:     \ \ \ (optional)&          \\
        !           379:     ARGUMENT&                  asn.1 type (APDU)\\
        !           380:     INVOCATION IDENTIFIER&     integer\\
        !           381:     LINKED-INVOCATION ID&      integer\\
        !           382:     PRIORITY (optional)&       integer (local)
        !           383: \end{tabular}\]
        !           384: 
        !           385: \item  ARGUMENT IS OPTIONAL IN NEW-STYLE ROS
        !           386: 
        !           387: \item  THE LINKED-INVOCATION IDENTIFIER IS NOT PRESENT IN OLD-STYLE ROS
        !           388: 
        !           389: \item  APDU IS THE USER-SUPPLIED DATA STRUCTURE, AN APPLICATION PROTOCOL DATA
        !           390:        UNIT
        !           391: \end{nrtc}
        !           392: \end{bwslide}
        !           393: 
        !           394: 
        !           395: \begin{bwslide}
        !           396: \ctitle        {RO-RESULT SERVICE}
        !           397: 
        !           398: \begin{nrtc}
        !           399: \item  UNCONFIRMED SERVICE:\\ RO-RESULT.REQUEST, RO-RESULT.INDICATION
        !           400: 
        !           401: \item  PARAMETERS
        !           402: \[\begin{tabular}{ll}
        !           403:     INVOCATION IDENTIFIER&     integer\\
        !           404:     RESULT&                    asn.1 type (APDU)\\
        !           405:     PRIORITY (optional)&       integer (local)
        !           406: \end{tabular}\]
        !           407: 
        !           408: \item  RESULT IS OPTIONAL IN NEW-STYLE ROS
        !           409: \end{nrtc}
        !           410: \end{bwslide}
        !           411: 
        !           412: 
        !           413: \begin{bwslide}
        !           414: \ctitle        {RO-ERROR SERVICE}
        !           415: 
        !           416: \begin{nrtc}
        !           417: \item  UNCONFIRMED SERVICE:\\ RO-ERROR.REQUEST, RO-ERROR.INDICATION
        !           418: 
        !           419: \item  PARAMETERS
        !           420: \[\begin{tabular}{ll}
        !           421:     INVOCATION IDENTIFIER&     integer\\
        !           422:     ERROR NUMBER&              integer\\
        !           423:     PARAMETER (optional)&      asn.1 type (APDU)\\
        !           424:     PRIORITY (optional)&       integer (local)
        !           425: \end{tabular}\]
        !           426: \end{nrtc}
        !           427: \end{bwslide}
        !           428: 
        !           429: 
        !           430: \begin{bwslide}
        !           431: \ctitle        {RO-U-REJECT SERVICE}
        !           432: 
        !           433: \begin{nrtc}
        !           434: \item  UNCONFIRMED SERVICE:\\ RO-U-REJECT.REQUEST, RO-U-REJECT.INDICATION
        !           435: 
        !           436: \item  PARAMETERS
        !           437: \[\begin{tabular}{ll}
        !           438:     INVOCATION IDENTIFIER&     integer\\
        !           439:     REASON&                    integer\\
        !           440: 
        !           441:     PRIORITY (optional)&       integer (local)
        !           442: \end{tabular}\]
        !           443: \end{nrtc}
        !           444: \end{bwslide}
        !           445: 
        !           446: 
        !           447: \begin{bwslide}
        !           448: \ctitle        {RO-P-REJECT SERVICE}
        !           449: 
        !           450: \begin{nrtc}
        !           451: \item  PROVIDER-INITIATED SERVICE:\\ RO-P-REJECT.INDICATION
        !           452: 
        !           453: \item  PARAMETERS
        !           454: \[\begin{tabular}{ll}
        !           455:     INVOCATION IDENTIFIER&     integer\\
        !           456:     \ \ \ (optional)&          \\
        !           457:     REASON&                    integer\\
        !           458:     APDU (optional)&           asn.1 type\\
        !           459: \end{tabular}\]
        !           460: 
        !           461: \item  INVOCATION IDENTIFIER MAY NOT BE PRESENT IF:
        !           462:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           463:     \item      PROBLEM IS NOT RELATED TO A PARTICULAR INVOCATION, OR
        !           464: 
        !           465:     \item      THE INFORMATION IS UNAVAILABLE
        !           466:     \end{nrtc}
        !           467: 
        !           468: \item  IF THE LOCAL PROVIDER COULD NOT SEND AN INVOCATION (OR RESULT OR ERROR)
        !           469:        THEN APDU IS THE ASSOCIATED USER-SUPPLIED ARGUMENT
        !           470: \end{nrtc}
        !           471: \end{bwslide}
        !           472: 
        !           473: 
        !           474: \begin{bwslide}
        !           475: \ctitle        {REASONS FOR REJECTIONS}
        !           476: 
        !           477: \begin{nrtc}
        !           478: \item  FOUR CLASSES OF REJECTIONS
        !           479:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           480:     \item      GENERAL PROBLEMS
        !           481: 
        !           482:     \item      INVOKE PROBLEMS
        !           483: 
        !           484:     \item      RETURN RESULT PROBLEMS
        !           485: 
        !           486:     \item      RETURN ERROR PROBLEMS
        !           487:     \end{nrtc}
        !           488: \end{nrtc}
        !           489: \end{bwslide}
        !           490: 
        !           491: 
        !           492: \begin{bwslide}
        !           493: \ctitle        {GENERAL PROBLEMS:\\ DETECTED BY THE ROS-PROVIDER}
        !           494: 
        !           495: \begin{nrtc}
        !           496: \item  UNRECOGNIZED APDU
        !           497: 
        !           498: \item  MISTYPED APDU
        !           499: 
        !           500: \item  BADLY STRUCTURED APDU   
        !           501: \end{nrtc}
        !           502: \end{bwslide}
        !           503: 
        !           504: 
        !           505: \begin{bwslide}
        !           506: \ctitle        {INVOKE PROBLEMS:\\ DETECTED BY THE ROS-USER}
        !           507: 
        !           508: \begin{nrtc}
        !           509: \item  DUPLICATE INVOCATION
        !           510: 
        !           511: \item  UNRECOGNIZED OPERATION
        !           512: 
        !           513: \item  MISTYPED ARGUMENT
        !           514: 
        !           515: \item  RESOURCE LIMITATION
        !           516: 
        !           517: \item  INITIATOR RELEASING\footnote{not allowed in old-style ros}
        !           518: 
        !           519: \item  UNRECOGNIZED LINKED ID$^*$
        !           520: 
        !           521: \item  LINKED RESPONSE UNEXPECTED$^*$
        !           522: 
        !           523: \item  UNEXPECTED CHILD OPERATION$^*$
        !           524: \end{nrtc}
        !           525: \end{bwslide}
        !           526: 
        !           527: 
        !           528: \begin{bwslide}
        !           529: \ctitle        {RETURN RESULT PROBLEMS:\\ DETECTED BY THE ROS-USER}
        !           530: 
        !           531: \begin{nrtc}
        !           532: \item  UNRECOGNIZED INVOCATION
        !           533: 
        !           534: \item  RESULT RESPONSE UNEXPECTED
        !           535: 
        !           536: \item  MISTYPED RESULT
        !           537: \end{nrtc}
        !           538: \end{bwslide}
        !           539: 
        !           540: 
        !           541: \begin{bwslide}
        !           542: \ctitle        {RETURN ERROR PROBLEMS:\\ DETECTED BY THE ROS-USER}
        !           543: 
        !           544: \begin{nrtc}
        !           545: \item  UNRECOGNIZED INVOCATION
        !           546: 
        !           547: \item  ERROR RESPONSE UNEXPECTED
        !           548: 
        !           549: \item  UNRECOGNIZED ERROR
        !           550: 
        !           551: \item  UNEXPECTED ERROR
        !           552: 
        !           553: \item  MISTYPED PARAMETER
        !           554: \end{nrtc}
        !           555: \end{bwslide}
        !           556: 
        !           557: 
        !           558: \begin{bwslide}
        !           559: \ctitle        {REMOTE OPERATION MACROS}
        !           560: 
        !           561: \begin{nrtc}
        !           562: \item  THE DEFINITIONS FOR REMOTE OPERATIONS USE THE ASN.1 MACRO FACILITY
        !           563: 
        !           564: \item  ALTHOUGH PROBLEMATIC FOR PARSERS, IT RESULTS IN VASTLY SIMPLIFIED
        !           565:        SPECIFICATIONS
        !           566: \end{nrtc}
        !           567: \end{bwslide}
        !           568: 
        !           569: 
        !           570: \begin{bwslide}
        !           571: \ctitle        {AN EXAMPLE}
        !           572: 
        !           573: \vskip.5in
        !           574: \begin{verbatim}
        !           575: finger  OPERATION
        !           576:         ARGUMENT        IA5List
        !           577:         RESULT          IA5List
        !           578:         ERRORS          { congested, unableToAccessFile,
        !           579:                           unableToPipe, unableToFork,
        !           580:                           errorReading }
        !           581:         ::=             5
        !           582: 
        !           583: congested
        !           584:         ERROR
        !           585:         ::=             0
        !           586: \end{verbatim}
        !           587: \end{bwslide}
        !           588: 
        !           589: 
        !           590: \begin{bwslide}
        !           591: \ctitle        {REMOTE OPERATION MACROS (cont.)}
        !           592: 
        !           593: \begin{nrtc}
        !           594: \item  USING THE \verb"LINKED" CLAUSE, AN OPERATION CAN DEFINE LINKED
        !           595:        OPERATIONS
        !           596: 
        !           597: \item  AN OPERATION OR ERROR VALUE CAN ALSO TAKE A GLOBAL VALUE
        !           598:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           599:     \item      AN OBJECT IDENTIFIER IS USED IN ADDITION TO THE
        !           600:                OPERATION OR ERROR CODE    
        !           601:     \end{nrtc}
        !           602: 
        !           603: \item  THE \verb"BIND" AND \verb"UNBIND" MACROS ARE USED TO DEFINE BINDING
        !           604:        INFORMATION
        !           605: \end{nrtc}
        !           606: \end{bwslide}
        !           607: 
        !           608: 
        !           609: \begin{bwslide}
        !           610: \part* {THE BINDING SERVICE}\bf
        !           611: 
        !           612: \begin{nrtc}
        !           613: \item  OLD- AND NEW-STYLE ROS USE DIFFERENT METHODS FOR BINDING
        !           614: 
        !           615: \item  FOR OUR PURPOSES, THE METHOD OF BINDING IS UNIMPORTANT
        !           616: 
        !           617: \item  BUT WE'LL BRIEFLY REVIEW THEM ANYWAY FOR COMPLETENESS
        !           618: \end{nrtc}
        !           619: \end{bwslide}
        !           620: 
        !           621: 
        !           622: \begin{bwslide}
        !           623: \ctitle        {OLD-STYLE BINDING}
        !           624: 
        !           625: \begin{nrtc}
        !           626: \item  IN OLD-STYLE ROS, BINDING WAS DONE IN ONE OF TWO WAYS:
        !           627:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           628:     \item      BY USING AN EXISTING RELIABLE TRANSFER SERVICE ASSOCIATION
        !           629: 
        !           630:     \item      BY USING THE RO-BEGIN AND RO-END SERVICE ([ECMA~TR/31] ONLY)
        !           631:     \end{nrtc}
        !           632: \end{nrtc}
        !           633: \end{bwslide}
        !           634: 
        !           635: 
        !           636: \begin{bwslide}
        !           637: \ctitle        {OLD-STYLE BINDING (cont.)}
        !           638: 
        !           639: \vskip.5in
        !           640: \diagram[p]{figure7}
        !           641: \end{bwslide}
        !           642: 
        !           643: 
        !           644: \begin{bwslide}
        !           645: \ctitle        {NEW-STYLE BINDING}
        !           646: 
        !           647: \begin{nrtc}
        !           648: \item  IN NEW-STYLE ROS, BINDING IS ALSO DONE IN ONE OF TWO WAYS:
        !           649:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           650:     \item      BY USING AN EXISTING RELIABLE TRANSFER SERVICE ASSOCIATION
        !           651: 
        !           652:     \item      BY USING ASSOCIATION CONTROL
        !           653:     \end{nrtc}
        !           654: \end{nrtc}
        !           655: \end{bwslide}
        !           656: 
        !           657: 
        !           658: \begin{bwslide}
        !           659: \ctitle        {NEW-STYLE BINDING (cont.)}
        !           660: 
        !           661: \vskip.5in
        !           662: \diagram[p]{figure8}
        !           663: \end{bwslide}
        !           664: 
        !           665: 
        !           666: \begin{bwslide}
        !           667: \part* {A DISCIPLINE FOR MEAL PREPARATION}\bf
        !           668: 
        !           669: \begin{nrtc}
        !           670: \item  WE HAVE INTRODUCED
        !           671:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           672:     \item      A MODEL FOR DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS, AND
        !           673: 
        !           674:     \item      THE SERVICES AVAILABLE TO THE APPLICATION TO REALIZE THIS
        !           675:     \end{nrtc}
        !           676: 
        !           677: \item  WHAT WE NEED IS THE ``DISCIPLINE'' TO FOCUS OUR ENERGIES
        !           678: \end{nrtc}
        !           679: \end{bwslide}
        !           680: 
        !           681: 
        !           682: \begin{bwslide}
        !           683: \ctitle        {INITIATORS}
        !           684: 
        !           685: \begin{nrtc}
        !           686: \item  IN GENERAL, THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF INITIATOR IMPLEMENTATIONS
        !           687: 
        !           688: \item  INTERACTIVE
        !           689:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           690:     \item      A USER RUNS A PROGRAM AND INTERACTIVELY DIRECTS THE
        !           691:                INVOCATION OF OPERATIONS
        !           692:     \end{nrtc}
        !           693: 
        !           694: \item  EMBEDDED
        !           695:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           696:     \item      A PROGRAM CAUSES AN ASSOCIATION TO BE AUTOMATICALLY FORMED
        !           697:                AND OPERATIONS TO BE INVOKED
        !           698:     \end{nrtc}
        !           699: \end{nrtc}
        !           700: \end{bwslide}
        !           701: 
        !           702: 
        !           703: \begin{bwslide}
        !           704: \ctitle        {RESPONDERS}
        !           705: 
        !           706: \begin{nrtc}
        !           707: \item  IN GENERAL, THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF RESPONDER IMPLEMENTATIONS,
        !           708:        DEPENDING ON HOW ASSOCIATIONS ARE GIVEN TO THE PROGRAM WHICH
        !           709:        IMPLEMENTS THE SERVICE
        !           710: 
        !           711: \item  SINGLE ASSOCIATION (a.k.a. THE DYNAMIC APPROACH)
        !           712:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           713:     \item      EACH TIME THE SERVICE IS REQUESTED, A NEW INSTANCE OF
        !           714:                THE PROGRAM IS EXECUTED
        !           715:     \end{nrtc}
        !           716: 
        !           717: \item  MULTIPLE ASSOCIATION (a.k.a. THE STATIC APPROACH)
        !           718:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           719:     \item      EACH TIME THE SERVICE IS REQUESTED, THE REQUEST IS GIVEN TO A
        !           720:                SINGLE, ALREADY EXECUTING, INSTANCE OF THE PROGRAM
        !           721:     \end{nrtc}
        !           722: \end{nrtc}
        !           723: \end{bwslide}
        !           724: 
        !           725: 
        !           726: \begin{bwslide}
        !           727: \ctitle        {GENERAL ORGANIZATION}
        !           728: 
        !           729: \begin{nrtc}
        !           730: \item  AT COMPILE-TIME:
        !           731:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           732:     \item      USE RO-SPECIFICATION TO GENERATE SUPPORT FACILITIES
        !           733:     \end{nrtc}
        !           734: 
        !           735: \item  AT RUN-TIME:
        !           736:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           737:     \item      USE DIRECTORY SERVICES TO LOCATE/REGISTER SERVICES
        !           738: 
        !           739:     \item      USE ASSOCIATION CONTROL TO BIND/UNBIND APPLICATIONS
        !           740: 
        !           741:     \item      USE REMOTE OPERATIONS TO INVOKE TRANSACTIONS
        !           742:     \end{nrtc}
        !           743: \end{nrtc}
        !           744: \end{bwslide}
        !           745: 
        !           746: 
        !           747: \begin{bwslide}
        !           748: \ctitle        {STATIC (COMPILE-TIME) ORGANIZATION}
        !           749: 
        !           750: \vskip.15in
        !           751: \diagram[p]{figure9}
        !           752: \end{bwslide}
        !           753: 
        !           754: 
        !           755: \begin{bwslide}
        !           756: \ctitle        {DYNAMIC (RUN-TIME) ORGANIZATION}
        !           757: 
        !           758: \vskip.15in
        !           759: \diagram[p]{figure10}
        !           760: \end{bwslide}
        !           761: 
        !           762: 
        !           763: \begin{bwslide}
        !           764: \ctitle        {IN PERSPECTIVE}
        !           765: 
        !           766: \begin{nrtc}
        !           767: \item  \emph{THE COOKBOOK} PRESENTS \emph{ONE} POSSIBLE METHOD
        !           768:        FOR REALIZING THE MODEL USING THE UNDERLYING FACILITIES
        !           769: 
        !           770: \item  MANY MORE ARE POSSIBLE\\
        !           771:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           772:     \item      AND SOME WILL BE VASTLY SUPERIOR
        !           773:     \end{nrtc}
        !           774: 
        !           775: \item  THE APPROACH TAKEN BY \emph{THE COOKBOOK} ATTEMPTS TO BALANCE
        !           776:        SIMPLICTY AND EXTENSIBILITY
        !           777: 
        !           778: \item  HENCE, IT MAY STILL BE UNDERDONE FOR SOME CHEFS AND OVERDONE FOR
        !           779:        OTHERS
        !           780: \end{nrtc}
        !           781: \end{bwslide}

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