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1.1 root 1: % run this through SLiTeX
2:
3: \documentstyle
4: [blackandwhite,landscape,oval,small,nrtc]{NRslides}
5:
6: \raggedright
7:
8: \begin{document}
9:
10: \title {COMMUNICATIONS --- AN ENABLING\\
11: TECHNOLOGY\\
12: BRIDGING THE ISLANDS OF AUTOMATION}
13: \author {Dwight E.~Cass\\
14: Automation Sciences Laboratory\\
15: Northrop Research and Technology Center}
16: \date {August 8, 1986}
17: \maketitlepage
18:
19: \begin {bwslide}
20: \ctitle {THE CURRENT SITUATION}
21:
22: \begin {nrtc}
23: \item LACK OF ADEQUATE COMMUNICATIONS HAS CREATED\\
24: ``ISLANDS OF AUTOMATION''
25: \item EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATIONS WITHIN A HETEROGENEOUS
26: ENVIRONMENT IS REQUIRED TO MAKE COMPUTER INTEGRATED
27: MANUFACTURING A REALITY
28: \item PROPRIETARY SOLUTIONS ARE NOT THE ANSWER
29: \begin {nrtc}
30: \item A TRULY HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENT REQUIRES AN OPEN SYSTEM
31: APPROACH TO COMMUNICATIONS
32: \end {nrtc}
33: \end {nrtc}
34: \end {bwslide}
35:
36: \begin {bwslide}
37: \ctitle {THE INDUSTRY SOLUTION}
38:
39: \begin {nrtc}
40: \item GENERAL MOTORS STARTED WORK ON THE MANUFACTURING
41: AUTOMATION PROTOCOL (MAP) IN 1980
42: \item BOEING STARTED WORK ON THE
43: TECHNICAL AND OFFICE PROTOCOL (TOP) IN 1985
44: \item ISO BASED MAP/TOP PROTOCOLS ARE BECOMING AN ACCEPTED STANDARD
45: \begin {nrtc}
46: \item BOEING, MACDONNELL DOUGLAS, LOCKHEED AND HUGHES ARE
47: ADOPTING MAP/TOP
48: \item THE DEFENSE COMMUNICATIONS AGENCY AND
49: THE AIR FORCE ARE ADOPTING MAP/TOP
50: \end {nrtc}
51: \end {nrtc}
52: \end {bwslide}
53:
54: \small
55: \begin{bwslide}
56: \ctitle {THE OSI REFERENCE MODEL}
57: \vskip-0.5in
58: \diagram[p]{osipic}
59: \end {bwslide}
60:
61: \begin{bwslide}
62: \ctitle {WHAT ARE MAP 2.1 AND TOP 1.0}
63: \vskip-0.5in
64: \diagram[p]{mappic}
65: \end {bwslide}
66:
67: \normalsize
68: \begin{bwslide}
69: \ctitle {MAP/TOP HAS MANY MISSING PIECES}
70:
71: \begin {nrtc}
72: \item SECURITY HAS NOT BEEN ADDRESSED
73: \item SESSION LAYER IS INCOMPLETE
74: \begin {nrtc}
75: \item -- SYNCHRONIZATION SUBSET IS MISSING
76: \item -- ACTIVITY SUBSET (REQUIRED FOR ELECTRONIC MAIL) IS MISSING
77: \end {nrtc}
78: \item PRESENTATION LAYER IS MISSING ALTOGETHER
79: \begin {nrtc}
80: \item -- EBCDIC IS NOT ALLOWED ON THE NETWORK
81: \end {nrtc}
82: \end {nrtc}
83: \end {bwslide}
84:
85: \begin{bwslide}
86: \ctitle {MAP/TOP HAS MANY MISSING PIECES (CONT.)}
87:
88: \begin {nrtc}
89: \item CRITICAL LACK OF APPLICATION PROTOCOLS
90: \begin {nrtc}
91: \item FILE TRANSFER (FTAM): STILL IN DRAFT PROPOSAL FORM
92: \item APPLICATION INTERFACE (CASE): PROTOTYPE FROM AUTOFACT
93: DEMONSTRATION
94: \item NETWORK MANAGEMENT: SEVERAL INCOMPATIBLE VERSIONS
95: \item DIRECTORY SERVICES: SEVERAL INCOMPATIBLE VERSIONS
96: \item ELECTRONIC MAIL: SESSION AND PRESENTATION EXTENSIONS
97: REQUIRED
98: \item VIRTUAL TERMINAL: NOT YET INVESTIGATED
99: \item REMOTE JOB ENTRY: NOT YET INVESTIGATED
100: \end {nrtc}
101: \end {nrtc}
102: \end {bwslide}
103:
104: \begin{bwslide}
105: \ctitle {$\ \ \ \ \ \ $ THE PROBLEM}
106: \vskip-0.5in
107: \diagram[p]{problem}
108: \end {bwslide}
109:
110: \begin{bwslide}
111: \ctitle {OBSERVATIONS}
112:
113: \begin {nrtc}
114: \item MANY OF THESE PROBLEMS HAVE PREVIOUSLY BEEN SOLVED, IN\\ DIFFERENT
115: SETTINGS, WITHOUT LOSS OF GENERALITY
116: \begin {nrtc}
117: \item SOME OF THESE SOLUTIONS ARE QUITE MATURE
118: (STABLE, ROBUST, AND ENJOY A HIGH DEGREE OF VENDOR SUPPORT)
119: \end {nrtc}
120: \item MAP/TOP IS A STRONGLY LAYERED ARCHITECTURE, WHICH FACILITATES
121: APPLICATION-INDEPENDENCE OF UNDERLYING PROTOCOLS
122: \begin {nrtc}
123: \item SERVICES ARE IMPORTANT,\\ IMPLEMENTATIONS ARE NOT
124: \end {nrtc}
125: \end {nrtc}
126: \end {bwslide}
127:
128: \begin{bwslide}
129: \ctitle {HOW WILL NORTHROP GET TO MAP/TOP?}
130:
131: \begin {nrtc}
132: \item WAIT FOR THE VENDORS TO COME UP WITH A SOLUTION
133: \begin {nrtc}
134: \item HOW MANY TIMES WILL SYSTEMS HAVE TO BE REWRITTEN?
135: \item HOW MANY INTERIM SOLUTIONS WILL THE VENDORS SELL US?
136: \end {nrtc}
137: \item DEVELOP A MIGRATION STRATEGY
138: \begin {nrtc}
139: \item ENSURE THAT ANY WORK STARTED TODAY WILL EASILY MIGRATE TO
140: TOTAL MAP/TOP SOLUTIONS, AS THEY BECOME AVAILABLE
141: \item ALLOW FOR THE CO-EXISTENCE OF EXISTING SYSTEMS
142: \end {nrtc}
143: \end {nrtc}
144: \end {bwslide}
145:
146: \begin{bwslide}
147: \ctitle {TCP/IP AS THE MIGRATION VEHICLE}
148:
149: \begin {nrtc}
150: \item MILSTD PROTOCOL SUITE MANDATED FOR ALL DoD NETWORKING
151: \begin {nrtc}
152: \item MATURE SET OF PROTOCOLS SINCE 1980\\ (DATING FROM c.1970)
153: \item EMPHASIS ON RELIABILITY AND SECURITY
154: \item WIDE VENDOR SUPPORT AND USER POPULATION
155: \item VENDOR SUPPORT TO OTHER TECHNOLOGIES (e.g., SNA)
156: \end {nrtc}
157: \item TCP/IP PROVIDES ROBUST TRANSPORT SERVICE
158: \begin {nrtc}
159: \item FUNCTIONALITY EQUIVALENT TO MAP/TOP TP4\\ (AS PER NRC REPORT)
160: \end {nrtc}
161: \item DoD IS COMMITTED TO MIGRATING FROM TCP/IP TO MAP/TOP
162: \begin {nrtc}
163: \item NBS HAS ALREADY RECEIVED FUNDING TO DEVELOP APPLICATION
164: GATEWAYS FOR FILE TRANSFER AND ELECTRONIC MAIL.
165: \end {nrtc}
166: \end {nrtc}
167: \end {bwslide}
168:
169: \begin{bwslide}
170: \ctitle {TCP/IP FILLS IN THE APPLICATION PROTOCOL GAPS}
171:
172: \begin {nrtc}
173: \item FILE TRANSFER: MILSTD FTP PROTOCOL
174: \item APPLICATION INTERFACE: MILSTD TCP PROTOCOL
175: \item NETWORK MANAGEMENT: SEVERAL IMPLEMENTATIONS
176: \item DIRECTORY SERVICES: SEVERAL IMPLEMENTATIONS
177: \item ELECTRONIC MAIL: MILSTD SMTP PROTOCOL
178: \item VIRTUAL TERMINAL: MILSTD TELNET PROTOCOL
179: \item REMOTE JOB ENTRY: SEVERAL IMPLEMENTATIONS
180: \end {nrtc}
181: \end {bwslide}
182:
183: \begin{bwslide}
184: \ctitle {CONSTRUCTING THE SOLUTION}
185:
186: \begin {nrtc}
187: \item BEST OF ALL SOLUTIONS REQUIRE COMPLEMENTARY CO-EXISTENCE:
188: \begin {nrtc}
189: \item UTILIZE TCP/IP FUNCTIONALITY NOT CURRENTLY PRESENT IN MAP
190: \item UTILIZE MAP/TOP FUNCTIONALITY AS IT BECOMES AVAILABLE
191: \item DEVELOP APPLICATIONS IN AN EVOLUTIONARY,\\
192: NOT REVOLUTIONARY FASHION
193: \end {nrtc}
194: \end {nrtc}
195: \end {bwslide}
196:
197: \begin{bwslide}
198: \ctitle {$\ \ \ \ \ \ $ WHERE TO JOIN THEM?}
199: \vskip-0.5in
200: \diagram[p]{join}
201: \end {bwslide}
202:
203: \begin{bwslide}
204: \ctitle {WORK TO DATE}
205:
206: \begin {nrtc}
207: \item REQUEST FOR COMMENTS (RFC) 983:\\
208: ISO TRANSPORT SERVICES ON TOP OF THE TCP
209: \item PROTOTYPE IMPLEMENTATIONS OF THE TSAP AND SESSION
210: PROTOCOLS FOR 4.2BSD UNIX AND AT\&T SYS V.2 UNIX
211: \item PRESENTATION OF THIS MATERIAL AT RECENT MAP/TOP USERS GROUP MEETING
212: \item ACTIVE PARTICIPATION IN STANDARDS COMMITTEES, INCLUDING NBS
213: MIGRATION COMMITTEES
214: \end {nrtc}
215: \end {bwslide}
216:
217: \begin{bwslide}
218: \ctitle {ISO TRANSPORT SERVICES ON TOP OF THE TCP}
219:
220: \begin {nrtc}
221: \item SPECIFIES A FULL TRANSPORT CLASS 4 (TP4) IMPLEMENTATION (ISO 8072)
222: EXCEPT FOR QUALITY OF SERVICE PARAMETERS
223: \item ALLOWS HIGHER LAYER MAP/TOP PROTOCOLS TO RUN WITHOUT ANY
224: KNOWLEDGE OF TCP/IP
225: \item ADDRESSING IS CURRENTLY TCP-BASED
226: \end {nrtc}
227: \end {bwslide}
228:
229: \begin{bwslide}
230: \ctitle {THE NEXT STEP}
231:
232: \begin {nrtc}
233: \item IMPLEMENTATION OF PRESENTATION, CASE AND REMOTE PROCESS
234: CONTROL PROTOCOL (RS-511) WHICH RUN ON TOP OF THE TSAP.
235: \item VALIDATION BY RUNNING THE CODE ON A NATIVE MAP IMPLEMENTATION
236: \item IMPLEMENTATION OF RFC983 ON THE WIDE RANGE OF MACHINES CURRENTLY
237: IN USE AT NORTHROP
238: \item DEVELOPMENT OF MIGRATION ENGINES WHICH ACT AS GATEWAYS BETWEEN
239: TCP/IP BASED IMPLEMENTATIONS AND NATIVE MAP/TOP IMPLEMENTATIONS
240: \end {nrtc}
241: \end {bwslide}
242:
243: \begin{bwslide}
244: \ctitle {LAN--BASED TSAP TO NATIVE MAP/TOP MIGRATION}
245: \vskip-0.5in
246: \diagram[p]{migrate}
247: \end{bwslide}
248:
249: \begin{bwslide}
250: \ctitle {CONCLUSIONS}
251:
252: \begin {nrtc}
253: \item EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATIONS IS THE KEY TO COMPUTER INTEGRATED
254: MANUFACTURING
255: \item EVEN THOUGH MAP/TOP IS NOT COMPLETE, AN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
256: SYSTEM CAN BE IMPLEMENTED TODAY WHICH
257: WILL EASILY MIGRATE TO THE EMERGING STANDARDS
258: \item AS THE DEVELOPERS OF THE MIGRATION PLAN, NORTHROP IS IN A LEADERSHIP
259: POSITION
260: \item ALLOWS DoD RESEACHERS TO BECOME ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS IN\\ MAP/TOP
261: DEVELOPMENT
262: \end {nrtc}
263: \end {bwslide}
264:
265: \end {document}
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