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        !             2: 
        !             3: \chapter {Overview of QUIPU}
        !             4: 
        !             5: \section {Summary}
        !             6: 
        !             7: QUIPU is a Public Domain implementation of the OSI Directory as 
        !             8: specified in CCITT X.500 Recommendations /
        !             9: ISO 9594 for Directory Services \cite{ISO.Directory}
        !            10: \cite{CCITT.Directory}.
        !            11: It is intended to provide an environment for experimentation and for early
        !            12: pilots using Standardised Directory Services.  QUIPU is currently aligned to
        !            13: the CCITT X.500 Recommendations (unofficial version).  This is expected to
        !            14: be technically identical to the ISO IS.  The latest available ISO version is
        !            15: the DIS.  
        !            16: 
        !            17: Quipu is intended to provide an environment
        !            18: for early experimentation with standardized Directory services.
        !            19: It is used by the ISODE for identification of the location of OSI
        !            20: applications (including QUIPU) and for provision of white and yellow
        !            21: page services.
        !            22: The Directory Abstract Service and DSA Abstract Service
        !            23: defined in \cite{CCITT.Directory,ISO.Directory} and their associated 
        !            24: protocols are supported.
        !            25: 
        !            26: 
        !            27: Major aspects of the QUIPU implementation are:
        !            28: \begin{itemize}
        !            29: \item
        !            30: Use of  memory structures to provide fast access
        !            31: \item
        !            32: Activity scheduling within the DSA to allow for multiple accesses
        !            33: \item
        !            34: General and flexible searching capabilities
        !            35: \item
        !            36: Extensions to provide access control
        !            37: \item
        !            38: External schema management
        !            39: \item
        !            40: Use of the Directory to control Distributed Operations
        !            41: \end{itemize}
        !            42: 
        !            43: The current implementation provides a DSA, and a procedural interface to the
        !            44: Directory Abstract Service, which will enable other applications to use the
        !            45: Directory.
        !            46: There is also a DIrectory SHell interface --- DISH.  This provides full
        !            47: access to the Directory Abstract Service, using the procedural interface.
        !            48: Standard Distributed Operations are used with both referrals and chaining
        !            49: (using the Directory System Protocol) provided.
        !            50: 
        !            51: \ifnum\volnum=5
        !            52: A full discussion of the design issues relating to QUIPU can be
        !            53: found in \cite{QUIPU.Design}.
        !            54: \fi
        !            55: 
        !            56: \section {Pronouncing QUIPU}
        !            57: 
        !            58: The name of the INCA Directory is QUIPU.
        !            59: The official pronunciation of QUIPU takes two syllables:
        !            60: {\em kwip-ooo}.
        !            61: 
        !            62: \section {Why QUIPU}
        !            63: 
        !            64: QUIPU was originally developed as a part of the INCA project.
        !            65: The Inca of Peru did not have writing.  Instead, they stored information on
        !            66: strings, carefully knotted in a specific manner and with coloured thread, and
        !            67: attached to a larger rope.
        !            68: These devices were known as {\em Quipus}.
        !            69: The encoding was obscure, and could only be read by selected trained people:
        !            70: the {\em Quipucamayocs}.
        !            71: The Quipu was a key component of Inca society, as it contained information
        !            72: about property and locations throughout the extensive Inca empire.
        !            73: 
        !            74: 
        !            75: \section {Objectives}
        !            76: 
        !            77: \subsection {General Aims}
        !            78: 
        !            79: QUIPU has a number of general aims:
        !            80: 
        !            81: \begin{itemize}
        !            82: \item To produce an implementation which follows the
        !            83: emerging OSI Directory standards.  
        !            84: 
        !            85: \item Flexibility to enable the system to be used
        !            86: for experimentation and research into problems relating to Directory Service.
        !            87: 
        !            88: \item Investigation of distribution and replication
        !            89: 
        !            90: \item Pilot experimental usage.
        !            91: \end{itemize}
        !            92: 
        !            93: \subsection {Technical Goals}
        !            94: 
        !            95: The major goals of the QUIPU Directory Service are:
        !            96: 
        !            97: \begin{itemize}
        !            98: \item
        !            99: Full support of the Directory Access Protocol,
        !           100: Directory System Protocol and Distributed Operations, as 
        !           101: defined in \cite{CCITT.Directory}.
        !           102: \item
        !           103: Support of the majority of the service elements specified in
        !           104: \cite{CCITT.Directory}.
        !           105: \item
        !           106: Ability for interworking with other Directory implementations, including
        !           107: use of
        !           108: referrals and chaining.
        !           109: \item
        !           110: Very full searching and matching capabilities, beyond the minimum
        !           111: required by \cite{CCITT.Directory}.
        !           112: \end{itemize}
        !           113: 
        !           114: The following are not goals:
        !           115: 
        !           116: \begin{itemize}
        !           117: \item
        !           118: In practice, the memory based approach has led to a quite fast lookup and
        !           119: searching.
        !           120: \item
        !           121: The ability to handle very large volumes of data (e.g., greater than 100~MB
        !           122: or 1 Million entries per DSA) is not a requirement.
        !           123: \item
        !           124: Substantial data robustness is not required: there is no need to employ
        !           125: complex data backup techniques.
        !           126: \item
        !           127: Use (as opposed to provision) of Authentication services.
        !           128: 
        !           129: \end{itemize}
        !           130: 
        !           131: \section {Roadmap}
        !           132: 
        !           133: This manual is split into 6 parts.  
        !           134: You are reading Part I, which is a general introduction.
        !           135: Part II describes a set of user interfaces (DUAs) developed as part of
        !           136: Quipu.
        !           137: Part III, an administrators guide, describes how to set up both the
        !           138: DUAs introduced in Part II, and how the install and manage a Quipu Directory
        !           139: System Agent (DSA).
        !           140: Part IV is a programmers guide which discusses a procedural interface to the
        !           141: directory for those of you who want to write your own DUAs.
        !           142: Part V is a discussion of some of the design issues not already
        !           143: covered elsewhere; this is essentially included for those of you who are
        !           144: interested in the DSA implementation.
        !           145: Finally, Part VI contains Appendices.
        !           146: 
        !           147: \section {QUIPU Support Address}\label{quipu:support}
        !           148: 
        !           149: If you have any problem installing QUIPU,
        !           150: following the documentation
        !           151: or any other QUIPU related problems, then there are two 
        !           152: discussion lists.
        !           153: 
        !           154: Comments concerning the operation of 
        !           155: QUIPU should be addressed to the QUIPU support address:
        !           156: \[\begin{tabular}{ll}
        !           157: Internet Mailbox:&      \tt [email protected] \\
        !           158: Janet Mailbox:&    \tt [email protected] \\
        !           159: X.400 Mailbox:&           \tt surname = quipu-support \\
        !           160: & \tt ou = cs \\
        !           161: & \tt Org = UCL \\
        !           162: & \tt PRMD = UK.AC \\
        !           163: & \tt ADMD = Gold 400 \\
        !           164: & \tt C = GB
        !           165: \end{tabular}\]
        !           166: Or, you could look up the mailbox attribute of
        !           167: \[\begin{tabular}{l}
        !           168: \tt c=GB \\
        !           169: \tt o=University College London \\
        !           170: \tt ou=Computer Science \\
        !           171: \tt cn=Quipu-Support
        !           172: \end{tabular}\]
        !           173: in the Directory!!!
        !           174: 
        !           175: There is also a discussion list for a general discussion of topics
        !           176: related to QUIPU; the address is as above, but with ``quipu-support''
        !           177: replaced by just ``quipu''.
        !           178: We suggest that everybody who is intending to run QUIPU should be on this
        !           179: list, as this will be used to keep you informed of what is happening.
        !           180: Details of updates will also be sent to this list.
        !           181: 
        !           182: To be added to the \verb"quipu" discussion list, send a message to 
        !           183: ``quipu-request''.
        !           184: 
        !           185: \section {Acknowledgements}
        !           186: 
        !           187: QUIPU was developed at the Department of Computer Science at University
        !           188: College London, under the {\ae}gis of the INCA\index{INCA} (Integrated Network
        !           189: Communication Architecture) project, which is project~395
        !           190: of ESPRIT\index{ESPRIT} (European Strategic Programme for Research into
        !           191: Information Technology).   The partners of INCA (GEC plc\index{GEC plc},
        !           192: Olivetti\index{Olivetti}, Nixdorf AG\index{Nixdorf AG},
        !           193: and Modcomp GmbH\index{Modcomp GmbH}) are acknowledged for releasing this
        !           194: software into the public domain.
        !           195: 
        !           196: Continued funding of QUIPU as Openly Available Software is provided by the
        !           197: Joint Network Team (JNT)\index{JNT}.
        !           198: 
        !           199: QUIPU 6.0 was implemented
        !           200: primarily by Colin Robbins\index{Robbins, Colin J.}
        !           201: and Alan Turland\index{Turland, Alan}.
        !           202: with considerable help from Marshall Rose\index{Rose, Marshall T.} of
        !           203: NYSERNet Inc.
        !           204: Mike Roe, \index{Roe, Mike} implemented the authentication code.
        !           205: 
        !           206: Chris Moore\index{Moore, Christopher W.} of 
        !           207: The Wollongong Group helped considerably in the early development
        !           208: of QUIPU, and integration with ISODE.
        !           209: Simon Walton\index{Walton, Simon} of University College London,
        !           210: also provided much help in integrating the software with ISODE.
        !           211: 
        !           212: Steve Titcombe\index{Titcombe, Steve}, of
        !           213: University College London, did much 
        !           214: of the early work on DISH.
        !           215: Andrew Eliasz\index{Eliasz, Andrew} of University College London developed the SUNINT interface.
        !           216: Paul Sharpe\index{Sharpe, Paul}, of GEC Hirst Research Laboratories
        !           217: put considerable effort into the development of WIDGET.
        !           218: 
        !           219: Stella Page \index{Page, Stella} and Alastair
        !           220: Hickling \index{Hickling, Alastair} of University College London
        !           221: helped considerably with testing the software and proof reading this manual.
        !           222: George Michaelson\index{Michaelson, George} 
        !           223: of the Department of Computer Science at the University of Melbourne in
        !           224: Australia and Julian P.~Onions\index{Onions, Julian},
        !           225: at the Department of Computer Science at Nottingham University, both ran
        !           226: early versions of the system, and provided much useful feedback.

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