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1.1     ! root        1: % run this through SLiTeX
        !             2: 
        !             3: \documentstyle[blackandwhite,landscape,oval,pagenumbers,plain,small]{NRslides}
        !             4: 
        !             5: \input trademark 
        !             6: 
        !             7: \raggedright
        !             8: 
        !             9: \begin{document}
        !            10: 
        !            11: \title {RECENT DEVELOPMENTS WITH\\ OSI IMPLEMENTATIONS}
        !            12: \author        {Marshall T.~Rose\\The Wollongong Group}
        !            13: \date  {January 13, 1988}
        !            14: \maketitlepage
        !            15: 
        !            16: 
        !            17: \begin{bwslide}
        !            18: \part* {AGENDA}\bf
        !            19: 
        !            20: \begin{description}
        !            21: \item[PART I:] OSI PROTOCOLS WITHIN AN OPENLY AVAILABLE, POSIX CONFORMANT,
        !            22:                BERKELEY UNIX ENVIRONMENT
        !            23: 
        !            24: \item[PART II:]        EXPERIMENTAL OSI-BASED NETWORK
        !            25: 
        !            26: \item[PART III:]TRANSPORT-LEVEL BRIDGES
        !            27: \end{description}
        !            28: \end{bwslide}
        !            29: 
        !            30: 
        !            31: \begin{bwslide}
        !            32: \part  {OSI PROTOCOLS WITHIN AN\\
        !            33:        OPENLY AVAILABLE\\ POSIX CONFORMANT\\ BERKELEY UNIX ENVIRONMENT}
        !            34: \end{bwslide}
        !            35: 
        !            36: 
        !            37: \begin{note}\em
        !            38: if i've left out any 
        !            39: \begin{quote}
        !            40: buzzwords\\
        !            41: jargon\\
        !            42: marketing hype\\
        !            43: \end{quote}
        !            44: please let me know and i'll add them!
        !            45: 
        !            46: also, henceforth ``users'' means ``u.s.~govt. users''
        !            47: \end{note}
        !            48: 
        !            49: 
        !            50: \begin{bwslide}
        !            51: \ctitle        {STANDARD DISCLAIMER}
        !            52: 
        !            53: \begin{nrtc}
        !            54: \item  THE VIEWS PRESENTED HERE ARE NOT NECESSARILY THOSE OF:
        !            55: \begin{quote}
        !            56: TWG, DoD, MITRE, NBS, U.C.~BERKELEY, UCL, UWISC, THE U.S.~GOVT,
        !            57: OR ANY OTHER ACRONYM, AGENCY, OR ORGANIZATION
        !            58: \end{quote}
        !            59: 
        !            60: \item  I APOLOGIZE ONLY TO THOSE WHOM I HAVE UNINTENTIONALLY OFFENDED
        !            61: \end{nrtc}
        !            62: \end{bwslide}
        !            63: 
        !            64: 
        !            65: \begin{bwslide}
        !            66: \ctitle        {FUNDAMENTAL PREMISES:\\ NETWORKING}
        !            67: 
        !            68: \begin{nrtc}
        !            69: \item  OSI/ISO WILL EVENTUALLY DOMINATE COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS
        !            70: 
        !            71: \item  THE U.S. GOVERNMENT OSI PROFILE (GOSIP) WILL BE THE INITIAL SET OF
        !            72:        GUIDELINES FOR PROCUREMENT OF OSI FOR USERS
        !            73: \end{nrtc}
        !            74: \end{bwslide}
        !            75: 
        !            76: 
        !            77: \begin{bwslide}
        !            78: \ctitle        {GOSIP}
        !            79: 
        !            80: \begin{nrtc}
        !            81: \item  A (SOON-TO-BE) FEDERAL INFORMATION PROCESSING STANDARD
        !            82: 
        !            83: \item  PROPOSED TO ENABLE USERS TO SPECIFY AND PROCURE
        !            84:        \begin{nrtc}
        !            85:        \item   INTEROPERABLE
        !            86: 
        !            87:        \item   MULTI-VENDOR
        !            88: 
        !            89:        \item   OFF-THE-SHELF
        !            90:        \end{nrtc}
        !            91:        COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCTS
        !            92: 
        !            93: \item  THE \dod/:
        !            94:     \begin{nrtc}
        !            95:     \item      IS ADOPTING GOSIP AS A CO-STANDARD WITH TCP/IP
        !            96: 
        !            97:     \item      INTENDS (IN APPROX.~TWO YEARS) TO SPECIFY GOSIP AS THE 
        !            98:                \underbar{ONLY} STANDARD FOR NON-PROPRIETARY, INTEROPERABLE
        !            99:                COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS
        !           100:     \end{nrtc}
        !           101: \end{nrtc}
        !           102: \end{bwslide}
        !           103: 
        !           104: 
        !           105: \begin{bwslide}
        !           106: \ctitle        {FUNDAMENTAL PREMISES:\\ OPERATING SYSTEMS}
        !           107: 
        !           108: \begin{nrtc}
        !           109: \item  THE \unix/ FAMILY WILL DOMINATE OPERATING SYSTEMS
        !           110: 
        !           111: \item  THE EMERGING IEEE \unix/-BASED PORTABLE OPERATING SYSTEM
        !           112:        STANDARD (POSIX) WILL BE THE BASELINE FOR THESE SYSTEMS
        !           113: 
        !           114: \item  ANOTHER FIPS IS UNDER DEVELOPMENT TO BE THE INITIAL SET OF
        !           115:        GUIDELINES FOR PROCUREMENT OF OPERATING SYSTEMS FOR USERS
        !           116: \end{nrtc}
        !           117: \end{bwslide}
        !           118: 
        !           119: 
        !           120: \begin{bwslide}
        !           121: \ctitle        {POSIX}
        !           122: 
        !           123: \begin{nrtc}
        !           124: \item  CURRENTLY POSIX SPECIFIES ONLY THE \unix/ KERNEL INTERFACE
        !           125:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           126:     \item      INFLUENCED MOSTLY BY AT\&T \unix/ (SVID) WITH SOME BERKELEY
        !           127:                ENHANCEMENTS
        !           128:     \end{nrtc}
        !           129: 
        !           130: \item  WORK IS UNDERWAY ON A SHELL AND TOOLS STANDARD
        !           131: 
        !           132: \item  A STANDARD INTERFACE FOR NETWORKING IS NOTABLY MISSING
        !           133: \end{nrtc}
        !           134: \end{bwslide}
        !           135: 
        !           136: 
        !           137: \begin{bwslide}
        !           138: \ctitle        {A MODEST OBSERVATION}
        !           139: 
        !           140: \begin{nrtc}
        !           141: \item  TCP/IP BECAME WIDESPREAD AFTER IT WAS INCLUDED IN BERKELEY \unix/
        !           142: 
        !           143: \item  QUESTIONS:
        !           144:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           145:     \item      CAN WE PUT A REFERENCE VERSION OF THE OSI PROTOCOLS INTO
        !           146:                BERKELEY \unix/?
        !           147: 
        !           148:     \item      CAN WE MAKE BERKELEY \unix/ POSIX COMPLIANT?
        !           149: 
        !           150:     \item      CAN WE EXTEND POSIX TO DEFINE AN INTERFACE TO NETWORK SERVICES?
        !           151: 
        !           152:     \item      CAN WE MAKE THE WORK OPENLY AVAILABLE AND HAVE IT READY FOR
        !           153:                4.4\bsd/~\unix/?
        !           154:     \end{nrtc}
        !           155: 
        !           156: \item  ANSWER: YES
        !           157: 
        !           158: \item  THIS SHOULD RESULT IN ACCELERATING THE UBIQUITY OF OSI
        !           159: \end{nrtc}
        !           160: \end{bwslide}
        !           161: 
        !           162: 
        !           163: \begin{bwslide}
        !           164: \ctitle        {EXPLANATION}
        !           165: 
        !           166: \begin{nrtc}
        !           167: \item  A LARGE NUMBER OF THE PIECES ARE ALREADY OPENLY AVAILABLE
        !           168: 
        !           169: \item  SO, THE WORK CONSISTS MAINLY OF:
        !           170:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           171:     \item      FILLING IN THE GAPS
        !           172: 
        !           173:     \item      INTEGRATING THE COMPONENTS
        !           174: 
        !           175:     \item      TESTING THE SYSTEM\\ (INTEROPERABILITY AND CONFORMANCE)
        !           176:     \end{nrtc}
        !           177: 
        !           178: \item  THIS MODEST AMOUNT OF WORK SHOULD RESULT IN ACCELERATING THE UBIQUITY
        !           179:        OF OSI
        !           180: \end{nrtc}
        !           181: \end{bwslide}
        !           182: 
        !           183: 
        !           184: \begin{bwslide}
        !           185: \ctitle        {APPROACH:\\ OSI PROTOCOLS}
        !           186: 
        !           187: \begin{nrtc}
        !           188: \item  AN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OSI UPPER-LAYERS (ISODE) IS ALREADY AVAILABLE
        !           189: 
        !           190: \item  OTHER ORGANIZATIONS HAVE DEVELOPED OR PLAN TO DEVELOP:
        !           191:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           192:     \item      THE LOWER LAYERS
        !           193: 
        !           194:     \item      SOME OSI APPLICATIONS
        !           195:     \end{nrtc}
        !           196: 
        !           197: \item  MOST STANDARDS HAVE PROGRESSED FROM DRAFT (DIS) TO FINAL (IS) STATUS
        !           198: \end{nrtc}
        !           199: \end{bwslide}
        !           200: 
        !           201: 
        !           202: \begin{bwslide}
        !           203: \diagram[p]{figure1}
        !           204: \end{bwslide}
        !           205: 
        !           206: 
        !           207: \begin{bwslide}
        !           208: \diagram[p]{figure2}
        !           209: \end{bwslide}
        !           210: 
        !           211: 
        !           212: \begin{bwslide}
        !           213: \ctitle        {THE WORK PLAN}
        !           214: 
        !           215: \begin{nrtc}
        !           216: \item  UPGRADE ISODE AND OTHER OSI APPLICATIONS TO FINAL (IS) STATUS
        !           217: 
        !           218: \item  INTEGRATE OTHER OSI APPLICATIONS INTO ISODE
        !           219: 
        !           220: \item  PERFORM INTEROPERABILITY TESTING ON OSInet
        !           221: 
        !           222: \item  PERFORM CONFORMANCE TESTING WITH COS
        !           223: \end{nrtc}
        !           224: \end{bwslide}
        !           225: 
        !           226: 
        !           227: \begin{bwslide}
        !           228: \ctitle        {APPROACH:\\ POSIX COMPLIANCE}
        !           229: 
        !           230: \begin{nrtc}
        !           231: \item  MINOR WORK TO MODIFY THE BERKELEY \unix/ KERNEL TO SUPPORT THE POSIX
        !           232:        STANDARD
        !           233: 
        !           234: \item  PERFORM CONFORMANCE TESTING WITH NBS
        !           235: 
        !           236: \item  ISODE AND OSI APPLICATIONS WILL BE CONVERTED TO USE THE POSIX
        !           237:        INTERFACE AS APPLICABLE
        !           238: \end{nrtc}
        !           239: \end{bwslide}
        !           240: 
        !           241: 
        !           242: \begin{bwslide}
        !           243: \ctitle        {APPROACH:\\ POSIX NETWORK SERVICE}
        !           244: 
        !           245: \begin{nrtc}
        !           246: \item  A /usr/group COMMITTEE WAS FORMED OVER A YEAR AGO
        !           247: 
        !           248: \item  U.C.~BERKELEY (AND FRIENDS) WILL EXAMINE THE OUTPUT OF THIS
        !           249:        GROUP AND EITHER:
        !           250:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           251:     \item      ADOPT THIS INTERFACE (IF ACCEPTED BY POSIX), OR
        !           252: 
        !           253:     \item      SUBMIT A NEW DRAFT PROPOSAL TO THE POSIX COMMITEE
        !           254:     \end{nrtc}
        !           255: \end{nrtc}
        !           256: \end{bwslide}
        !           257: 
        !           258: 
        !           259: \begin{bwslide}
        !           260: \ctitle        {SCHEDULE}
        !           261: 
        !           262: \begin{nrtc}
        !           263: \item  WOULD YOU BELIEVE 18~CALENDAR-MONTHS?
        !           264: 
        !           265: \item  ACTUALLY 120~MAN-MONTHS%
        !           266:        \footnote{You may have read Brooks' {\em The Mythical Man-Month}.}
        !           267: \end{nrtc}
        !           268: \end{bwslide}
        !           269: 
        !           270: 
        !           271: \begin{bwslide}
        !           272: \part  {EXPERIMENTAL\\ OSI-BASED NETWORK}
        !           273: \end{bwslide}
        !           274: 
        !           275: 
        !           276: \begin{bwslide}
        !           277: \ctitle        {MOTIVATION}
        !           278: 
        !           279: \begin{nrtc}
        !           280: \item  GOAL: WANT TO SPEED DEVELOPMENT OF AND EXPERIMENTATION WITH
        !           281:        LOWER-LAYER ISO PROTOCOLS, e.g.,
        !           282:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           283:     \item      TP4, CLNP, ES-IS
        !           284: 
        !           285:     \item      IS-IS
        !           286:     \end{nrtc}
        !           287: 
        !           288: \item  AND WITH NETWORK MANAGEMENT, e.g., NETWORK LAYER SUPPORT FOR CMIS
        !           289: 
        !           290: 
        !           291: \item  ASIDE: IN ADDITION TO AREAS SUCH AS PERFORMANCE TUNING, etc.,
        !           292:        ALSO INTERESTED IN PROMOTING INTEROPERABILITY TESTING AMONGST
        !           293:        VARIOUS IMPLEMENTATIONS
        !           294: \end{nrtc}
        !           295: \end{bwslide}
        !           296: 
        !           297: 
        !           298: \begin{bwslide}
        !           299: \ctitle        {REQUIREMENTS}
        !           300: 
        !           301: \begin{nrtc}
        !           302: \item  A ``TYPICAL'' DATAGRAM SERVICE
        !           303:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           304:     \item      POSSIBLE PACKET LOSS, CORRUPTION, DUPLICATION, AND
        !           305:                RE-ORDERING, etc.
        !           306:     \end{nrtc}
        !           307: 
        !           308: \item  OFFERED OVER A HETEROGENEOUS COLLECTION OF SUBNETS
        !           309:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           310:     \item      MULTIPLE PATHS, VARYING LINK AND MEDIA CHARACTERISTICS, etc.
        !           311:     \end{nrtc}
        !           312: 
        !           313: \item  WHICH IS WELL-USED (OVER-SUBSCRIBED).
        !           314:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           315:     \item      CONGESTION, VARIABLE DELAY,  etc.
        !           316:     \end{nrtc}
        !           317: 
        !           318: \item  IN SHORT, WE WANT A RICH LOWER-LAYER INFRASTRUCTURE
        !           319:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           320:     \item      e.g., A NATIONAL CLNP-BASED INTERNET
        !           321:     \end{nrtc}
        !           322: \end{nrtc}
        !           323: \end{bwslide}
        !           324: 
        !           325: 
        !           326: \begin{bwslide}
        !           327: \ctitle        {OBSERVATION}
        !           328: 
        !           329: \begin{nrtc}
        !           330: \item  WHERE HAVE WE SEEN ONE OF THOSE?
        !           331:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           332:     \item      $\ldots$ THE DARPA/NSF INTERNET!
        !           333:     \end{nrtc}
        !           334: 
        !           335: \item  THE INTERNET MEETS ALL THE REQUIREMENTS BUT ONE:
        !           336:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           337:     \item      IT IS IP-BASED RATHER THAN CLNP-BASED
        !           338:     \end{nrtc}
        !           339: 
        !           340: \item  SO, WHAT IS NEEDED IS A WAY TO EMULATE A CLNP-BASED NETWORK
        !           341:        ON TOP OF THE EXISTING DARPA/NSF INTERNET
        !           342: \end{nrtc}
        !           343: \end{bwslide}
        !           344: 
        !           345: 
        !           346: \begin{bwslide}
        !           347: \ctitle        {EON:\\ AN EXPERIMENTAL\\ OSI-BASED NETWORK}
        !           348: 
        !           349: \begin{nrtc}
        !           350: \item  AN RFC HAS BEEN SUBMITTED BY UWISC AND TWG DESCRIBING:
        !           351:     \begin{nrtc}\em
        !           352:     \item      USE OF THE DARPA/NSF INTERNET AS A SUBNETWORK FOR
        !           353:                EXPERIMENTATION WITH THE OSI NETWORK LAYER
        !           354:     \end{nrtc}
        !           355: 
        !           356: \item  PARTICIPATING IP-NODES FORM A LOGICAL ISO NETWORK
        !           357:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           358:     \item      A NODE PARTICIPATES AS AN IS, ES, OR BOTH
        !           359: 
        !           360:     \item      SEVERAL LOGICAL ISO SUBNETS CAN EXIST ON THE DARPA/NSF INTERNET
        !           361:     \end{nrtc}
        !           362: 
        !           363: \item  IT IS NON-DESTRUCTIVE IN THE SENSE THAT IT DOES NOT AFFECT THE
        !           364:        EXISTING IP-BASED CONNECTIVITY (CORE GATEWAYS, etc.)
        !           365: \end{nrtc}
        !           366: \end{bwslide}
        !           367: 
        !           368: 
        !           369: \begin{bwslide}
        !           370: \ctitle        {EON DEFINES PROCEDURES FOR}
        !           371: 
        !           372: \begin{nrtc}
        !           373: \item  ENCAPSULATION OF NPDUs
        !           374: 
        !           375: \item  FORMATION AND MAPPING OF SNPA-ADDRESSES
        !           376: 
        !           377: \item  USE OF SUBNET MULTICASTING IN CLNL
        !           378: 
        !           379: \item  DISSEMINATION OF TOPOLOGICAL INFORMATION        
        !           380: \end{nrtc}
        !           381: \end{bwslide}
        !           382: 
        !           383: 
        !           384: \begin{bwslide}
        !           385: \ctitle        {SCHEDULE}
        !           386: 
        !           387: \begin{nrtc}
        !           388: \item  EON IS NEW, THE RFC, ALTHOUGH SUBMITTED, HASN'T BEEN RELEASED YET
        !           389:        
        !           390: \item  BUT, BY APRIL, UWISC AND TWG EXPECT TO BE PARTICIPATING IN INTERNET
        !           391:        EXPERIMENTS
        !           392: \end{nrtc}
        !           393: \end{bwslide}
        !           394: 
        !           395: 
        !           396: 
        !           397: \begin{bwslide}
        !           398: \part  {TRANSPORT-LEVEL BRIDGES}
        !           399: \end{bwslide}
        !           400: 
        !           401: 
        !           402: \begin{bwslide}
        !           403: \ctitle        {MOTIVATION}
        !           404: 
        !           405: \begin{nrtc}
        !           406: \item  THERE ARE MANY TCP/IP NETWORKS TODAY, THERE WILL BE MORE TOMMORROW
        !           407: 
        !           408: \item  BY THE TIME OSI/OSI BECOMES A WORTHWHILE OPERATION ALTERNATIVE,
        !           409:        THERE WILL BE MANY MORE TCP/IP NETWORKS THAN THERE ARE TODAY!
        !           410: 
        !           411: \item  PREDICTION: AT THAT TIME, TCP/IP NETWORKS WILL
        !           412:        OFFER A MIX OF SERVICES:
        !           413:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           414:     \item      SUCH AS FTAM AND X.400, IN ADDITION TO FTP AND SMTP
        !           415:     \end{nrtc}
        !           416: 
        !           417: \item  FURTHER PREDICATION: THIS MIX WILL PROLIFERATE TO PERMEATE
        !           418:        BOTH TCP/IP AND OSI/ISO NETWORKS
        !           419: \end{nrtc}
        !           420: \end{bwslide}
        !           421: 
        !           422: 
        !           423: \begin{bwslide}
        !           424: \ctitle        {OBSERVATION}
        !           425: 
        !           426: \begin{nrtc}
        !           427: \item  GIVEN THE ASSUMPTION ABOVE, IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT:
        !           428:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           429:     \item      THE TWO COMMUNITIES ARE USING THE SAME APPLICATIONS,
        !           430:                AND
        !           431: 
        !           432:     \item      ONLY THE UNDERLYING NETWORK AND TRANSPORT PROTOCOLS WILL
        !           433:                DIFFER BETWEEN THE TWO
        !           434:     \end{nrtc}
        !           435: 
        !           436: \item  THIS LEADS US TO POSTULATE AN INTERESTING COEXISTENCE
        !           437:        STRATEGY:
        !           438:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           439:     \item      LET'S RUN ISO APPLICATIONS BETWEEN THE TWO COMMUNITIES
        !           440:     \end{nrtc}
        !           441: \end{nrtc}
        !           442: \end{bwslide}
        !           443: 
        !           444: 
        !           445: \begin{bwslide}
        !           446: \ctitle        {TRANSPORT-LEVEL BRIDGES}
        !           447: 
        !           448: \begin{nrtc}
        !           449: \item  IDEA: OFFER THE SAME TRANSPORT SERVICE INTERFACE IN BOTH
        !           450:        COMMUNITIES (THE ISO TRANSPORT SERVICE)
        !           451:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           452:     \item      USE RFC1006 TO OFFER THE ISO TRANSPORT SERVICE ON TOP OF
        !           453:                THE TCP
        !           454:     \end{nrtc}
        !           455: 
        !           456: \item  INTRODUCE A TRANSPORT ENTITY CALLED THE ``TS-BRIDGE''
        !           457: 
        !           458: \item  THE TS-BRIDGE ``COPIES'' SERVICE PRIMITIVES FROM ONE COMMUNITY TO THE
        !           459:        OTHER, e.g.,
        !           460:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           461:     \item      UPON RECEIVING A T-CONNECT.INDICATION PRIMITIVE FROM ONE
        !           462:                NETWORK,
        !           463: 
        !           464:     \item      IT ISSUES A T-CONNECT.REQUEST PRIMITIVE TO THE OTHER NETWORK
        !           465:     \end{nrtc}
        !           466: 
        !           467: \item  THE TS-BRIDGE MAINTAINS STATE AS TO THE EXISTING CONNECTIONS
        !           468:        (AND AS SUCH IS A SINGLE POINT OF FAILURE)
        !           469: \end{nrtc}
        !           470: \end{bwslide}
        !           471: 
        !           472: 
        !           473: \begin{note}\em
        !           474: perhaps these should be called ``gateways'' instead of ``ts-bridges''
        !           475: 
        !           476: well, they are *so* simple that ``gateway'' really seems to be an overloaded
        !           477: term in this circumstance$\ldots$
        !           478: 
        !           479: in fact, simplicity is one reason why this approach was chosen over a
        !           480: network-level solution
        !           481: \end{note}
        !           482: 
        !           483: 
        !           484: \begin{bwslide}
        !           485: \ctitle        {TRANSPARENT USE OF TS-BRIDGES}
        !           486: 
        !           487: \begin{nrtc}
        !           488: \item  BY JUDICIOUS USE OF DIRECTORY SERVICES, SELECTION OF THE
        !           489:        TS-BRIDGE CAN BE MADE TRANSPARENT ON BOTH ENDPOINTS
        !           490: 
        !           491: \item  CONSIDER A ``TYPICAL'' PRESENTATION ADDRESS:
        !           492: \[\begin{tabular}{ll}
        !           493: network address:&      CLNP 4700050017000008002000405301\\
        !           494: transport selector:&   1\\
        !           495: session selector:&     ``FTAM''\\
        !           496: presentation selector:&        null
        !           497: \end{tabular}\]
        !           498: 
        !           499: \item  A SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT ENTRY IS RETURNED FOR HOSTS IN THE
        !           500:        OPPOSITE COMMUNITY:
        !           501: \[\begin{tabular}{ll}
        !           502: network address:&      ts-bridge's network address\\
        !           503: transport selector:&   \begin{tabular}[t]{ll}
        !           504:                        network address:&
        !           505:                                CLNP 47 $\ldots$\\
        !           506:                        transport selector:&     1
        !           507:                        \end{tabular}\\
        !           508: session selector:&     ``FTAM''\\
        !           509: presentation selector:&        null
        !           510: \end{tabular}\]
        !           511: \end{nrtc}
        !           512: \end{bwslide}
        !           513: 
        !           514: 
        !           515: \begin{bwslide}
        !           516: \ctitle        {ANOTHER PROBLEM SOLVED:\\ ISO CONS versus CLNS}
        !           517: 
        !           518: \begin{nrtc}
        !           519: \item  IN GENERAL, THE TS-BRIDGE SHOWS HOW TO PERFORM
        !           520:        ``IMPEDANCE MATCHING'' BETWEEN TWO PROTOCOLS WHICH OFFER THE
        !           521:        SAME SERVICE INTERFACE, e.g., OUR USE IS:
        !           522:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           523:     \item      PROTOCOLS: TP4/CLNP AND TP0/TCP
        !           524: 
        !           525:     \item      SERVICE: ISO TRANSPORT SERVICE
        !           526:     \end{nrtc}
        !           527: 
        !           528: \item  THIS IS SUSPICIOUSLY SIMILAR TO THE ISO CONS vs. CLNS PROBLEM:
        !           529:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           530:     \item      PROTOCOLS: TP4/CLNP AND TP0/X.25
        !           531: 
        !           532:     \item      SERVICE: ISO TRANSPORT SERVICE
        !           533:     \end{nrtc}
        !           534: 
        !           535: \item  THE TS-BRIDGE WILL ALSO WORK IN THIS ENVIRONMENT WITHOUT
        !           536:        MEANINGFUL LOSS OF GENERALITY:
        !           537:     \begin{nrtc}
        !           538:     \item      EXPEDITED DATA IS NEGOTIATED AWAY, AND
        !           539: 
        !           540:     \item      USER DATA ON CONNECTION PRIMITIVE IS DISREGARDED
        !           541:     \end{nrtc}
        !           542: \end{nrtc}
        !           543: \end{bwslide}
        !           544: 
        !           545: 
        !           546: \end{document}

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