Return to fed.1 CVS log

Up to [CSRG BSD Unix] / 43BSDReno / old / vpr / man

Annotation of 43BSDReno/old/vpr/man/fed.1, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
        !             3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
        !             4: .\"
        !             5: .\"    @(#)fed.1       6.1 (Berkeley) 4/29/85
        !             6: .\"
        !             7: .TH FED 1 "4/29/85"
        !             8: .UC 5
        !             9: .SH NAME
        !            10: fed \- font editor
        !            11: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !            12: .B fed
        !            13: [
        !            14: .B \-i
        !            15: ]
        !            16: [
        !            17: .B \-q
        !            18: ]
        !            19: name
        !            20: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            21: .I Fed
        !            22: is an editor for font files.
        !            23: It is display oriented and must be used on an HP 2648 graphics terminal.
        !            24: Fed does the necessary handshaking to work at 9600 baud on the 2648.
        !            25: .PP
        !            26: The
        !            27: .B \-i
        !            28: flag requests
        !            29: .IR "inverse video mode" ,
        !            30: where all dots are dark and the background is bright.
        !            31: This provides a setting similar to the hardcopy output of
        !            32: the plotter, and is useful for fonts such as the shadow
        !            33: font where shading is important.
        !            34: .PP
        !            35: The
        !            36: .B \-q
        !            37: flag requests
        !            38: .IR "quiet mode" ,
        !            39: where all graphic output is suppressed.
        !            40: This mode is useful on terminals other than the HP 2648
        !            41: (assuming you are editing blindly) and for operations
        !            42: such as the # and A commands, since 
        !            43: these operations do not make essential use of graphics,
        !            44: and since suppression
        !            45: of the graphic output speeds of
        !            46: .I fed
        !            47: considerably.
        !            48: .SH FONTS
        !            49: .PP
        !            50: A font is a collection of up to 256
        !            51: .IR glyphs ,
        !            52: each of which is some pattern or design.
        !            53: Glyphs are represented on Unix as a rectangular array
        !            54: of dots, each of which is either dark or blank.
        !            55: Each location in the array is called a
        !            56: .IR pixel .
        !            57: There are 200 pixels per inch due to the hardware of the
        !            58: Versatec and Varian plotters.
        !            59: .PP
        !            60: Each glyph has, in addition to its bit pattern, a
        !            61: .I base
        !            62: and a
        !            63: .IR width .
        !            64: The base is a point, typically near the lower left of the array,
        !            65: that represents the logical lower left point of the glyph.
        !            66: The base is not restricted to be within the array, in fact, it is usually
        !            67: a few locations to the left of the edge.
        !            68: The vertical position of the base defines the
        !            69: .IR baseline ,
        !            70: which is held constant for all glyphs when a line is typeset.
        !            71: Letters with descenders, such as ``g'', go below the baseline.
        !            72: Other glyphs typically rest on the baseline.
        !            73: .PP
        !            74: The width is used by
        !            75: .I troff(1)
        !            76: to determine where to place the next glyph.
        !            77: It need not be the same as the width of the array, although it is usually
        !            78: about the same.
        !            79: .PP
        !            80: The size of the array, location of the base, and the width can vary among
        !            81: glyphs in a font.
        !            82: Fonts where all glyphs have the same width are called
        !            83: .IR "fixed width fonts" ,
        !            84: others are
        !            85: .IR "variable width fonts" .
        !            86: .PP
        !            87: Attributes which do not vary among glyphs include the
        !            88: .IR "font name" ,
        !            89: which can be up to 11 alphabetic characters, and the
        !            90: .IR "point size" ,
        !            91: which is a positive integer indicating the overall size of the font.
        !            92: A point is 1/72 inch.
        !            93: The point size of a font is the distance, in points, from the top of
        !            94: the tallest glyph to the bottom of the lowest.
        !            95: The software of troff currently restricts point sizes to
        !            96: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 28, and 36 point.
        !            97: Normal text is usually 10 point.
        !            98: .PP
        !            99: Font files conventionally have names of the form
        !           100: .br
        !           101:        name.pointsize
        !           102: .br
        !           103: for example, ``bocklin.14'' to indicate 14 point bocklin.
        !           104: Fed will look for such a file in both the current directory
        !           105: and /usr/lib/vfont.
        !           106: Vtroff will only look in /usr/lib/vfont.
        !           107: .PP
        !           108: There is a correspondence between
        !           109: .I glyphs
        !           110: and
        !           111: .I characters
        !           112: in a font.
        !           113: For a given font, each glyph has an ASCII character associated with it.
        !           114: The glyph is obtained in troff by typing the associated character,
        !           115: and in fed glyphs are also referred to by their character.
        !           116: However, it is not required for all characters to have a glyph,
        !           117: fonts never have more than 128 glyphs and usually have fewer.
        !           118: .PP
        !           119: There is usually a natural correspondence between glyphs and characters.
        !           120: For example, the glyph which is a roman lower case `a' will generally
        !           121: have the ascii character `a' as its corresponding character.
        !           122: In the special font, the Greek lower case alpha has `a' as it's corresponding
        !           123: character, upper case delta has 'D' as it's corresponding character, etc.
        !           124: However, special fonts such as the chess font have glyphs that do not
        !           125: appear to be related to their corresponding characters.
        !           126: .PP
        !           127: It is easy to confuse glyphs and characters.
        !           128: Note, however, that the three glyphs
        !           129: roman a, bold
        !           130: .BR a ,
        !           131: and italic
        !           132: .IR a ,
        !           133: are all different, yet all three correspond to the character `a'.
        !           134: When this is multiplied by the large number of font styles and point
        !           135: sizes, there are many glyphs that match a single character,
        !           136: (but only one in a particular font).
        !           137: .SH "FED ORGANIZATION"
        !           138: .PP
        !           139: Fed organizes the screen into 21
        !           140: .I windows
        !           141: in a 3 by 7 array.
        !           142: Each window is 100 by 100 pixels,
        !           143: meaning that the maximum height and width of a glyph is 100 pixels.
        !           144: Since the HP 2648 has a resolution of 100 dots per inch, glyphs
        !           145: displayed on the screen and printer will be double the actual
        !           146: height and width, even when fully zoomed out.
        !           147: There is a
        !           148: .IR "current window" ,
        !           149: which will be marked with a square border.
        !           150: There are two
        !           151: .IR pens ,
        !           152: called
        !           153: .I fine
        !           154: and
        !           155: .IR bold .
        !           156: The fine pen is one pixel wide,
        !           157: the bold pen can range from two pixels to ten pixels in diameter.
        !           158: The default width of the bold pen is taken from the point size
        !           159: implied by the file name.
        !           160: The point size is not otherwise used.
        !           161: There are also fine and bold
        !           162: .IR erasers .
        !           163: .PP
        !           164: There are two locations in the window, called the
        !           165: .I cursor
        !           166: and the
        !           167: .IR mark .
        !           168: These tools are used to draw on glyphs.
        !           169: .PP
        !           170: Sometimes the cursor is on, in which case it is indicated by the
        !           171: hardware graphics cursor of the terminal, a cross.  The cursor is
        !           172: considered to be located at the center of the cross.
        !           173: Sometimes the
        !           174: .I "rubber band line"
        !           175: is turned on, showing the path a line drawn would traverse.
        !           176: This line runs from the mark to the cursor, and is the only
        !           177: way the mark is graphically visible.
        !           178: .SH COMMANDS
        !           179: Commands to fed are single characters, sometimes followed by any
        !           180: needed arguments.
        !           181: The commands used by fed were chosen to be as similar to
        !           182: .IR vi (1)
        !           183: commands as was reasonable.
        !           184: Another distinction is that certain commands are in upper case.
        !           185: These commands were deliberately made hard to type because they
        !           186: cause a large change in the state of the editor and should not
        !           187: be done by accident.
        !           188: In a few cases there are both upper and lower case commands with
        !           189: the same letter.
        !           190: .PP
        !           191: .IR "Alphanumeric Keypad" :
        !           192: Note that this is the keypad on the far right.
        !           193: The graphics keypad on the near right will not work.
        !           194: These keys are each synonyms for other commands.
        !           195: They are arranged in a manner that causes the five
        !           196: arrow keys to behave sensibly,
        !           197: but the others need to be memorized or stickers
        !           198: placed on the keys.
        !           199: They are provided for convenience only,
        !           200: and the user can avoid memorization simply
        !           201: by using the mnemonic letter keys instead.
        !           202: .PP
        !           203: The layout is as follows:
        !           204: .ta 1i 2i 3i
        !           205: .nf
        !           206:        undo (u)        rezoom ( )      fillin (f)
        !           207:        move (m)        up (k)  draw (d)
        !           208:        left (h)        base (b)        right (l)
        !           209:        setdot (.)      down (j)        cleardot (>)
        !           210: .fi
        !           211: .DT
        !           212: .PP
        !           213: The arrow keys move the cursor one pixel in the indicated direction.
        !           214: The cursor is turned on if it was off.
        !           215: Note that the alphanumeric keys (far right) must be used.
        !           216: The graphics keys (near right) will appear to move the cursor but
        !           217: it will not be moved internally.
        !           218: The cursor cannot be moved outside the current window.
        !           219: .PP
        !           220: .IR "^L" :
        !           221: Redraw the screen.  This is useful if an I/O error or background
        !           222: process has caused the screen to get messed up.
        !           223: .PP
        !           224: .IR b :
        !           225: Move the cursor to the base of the window.
        !           226: This is the default location of the cursor.
        !           227: .PP
        !           228: .IR c :
        !           229: If the cursor is on, turn it off.
        !           230: Otherwise, turn it on.
        !           231: .PP
        !           232: .IR d :
        !           233: Draw a line from the mark to the cursor.
        !           234: The currently selected tool (fine pen, bold pen, fine eraser, bold eraser)
        !           235: is used.
        !           236: The cursor is turned off.
        !           237: The mark is moved to the location of the cursor.
        !           238: .PP
        !           239: .IR f :
        !           240: Fill in the current hole.
        !           241: The cursor must be in a completely enclosed empty (white) area.
        !           242: The area is set to black.
        !           243: If this command is invoked on the outside or there are any leaks
        !           244: to the outside, the entire outside will be filled in.
        !           245: (Undo is useful in this case.)
        !           246: Filling in cannot jump diagonals,
        !           247: but can rather only spread in the four orthogonal directions.
        !           248: .PP
        !           249: .IR "g <x>" :
        !           250: Get a glyph.
        !           251: X can be any character.
        !           252: The glyph corresponding to x is put in a window, and this
        !           253: window is made the current window.
        !           254: The glyph is centered horizontally in the window.
        !           255: The baseline is located at row 70 from the top of the window.
        !           256: The pen and cursor are placed at the base,
        !           257: and the cursor is turned off.
        !           258: The glyph must exist.
        !           259: .PP
        !           260: .IR h ,
        !           261: .IR j ,
        !           262: .IR k ,
        !           263: and
        !           264: .I l
        !           265: are accepted to mean
        !           266: left, down, up, and right, respectively.
        !           267: They are synonymous with the alphanumeric arrow keys.
        !           268: They have the same meanings as in
        !           269: .IR vi(1) .
        !           270: .PP
        !           271: .IR "m" :
        !           272: Move the mark to the current location of the cursor.
        !           273: The cursor is turned on.
        !           274: .PP
        !           275: .IR "n <x>" :
        !           276: New glyph.
        !           277: This is similar to
        !           278: .IR g ,
        !           279: except that the glyph must
        !           280: .I not
        !           281: exist.
        !           282: It is used to create a new glyph.
        !           283: A blank window is created, centered at (50, 70) as in g.
        !           284: .PP
        !           285: .IR p :
        !           286: Print the contents of the screen.
        !           287: An HP 2631 printer must be connected to the terminal.
        !           288: The screen is copied to the printer.
        !           289: If in inverse video mode,
        !           290: the screen is changed to normal video mode before the print,
        !           291: and then changed back after the print.
        !           292: .PP
        !           293: .IR r :
        !           294: If the rubber band line is on, turn it off.
        !           295: Otherwise, turn it on.
        !           296: .PP
        !           297: .IR "s <what> [<where>]" :
        !           298: Set <what> to <where>.
        !           299: What and where are single characters.
        !           300: The possibilities are:
        !           301: .RS
        !           302: .PP
        !           303: .IR spf :
        !           304: Set pen fine.
        !           305: (`l' for light is also accepted.)
        !           306: .PP
        !           307: .IR spb :
        !           308: set pen bold.
        !           309: (`h' for heavy is also accepted.)
        !           310: .PP
        !           311: .IR sd :
        !           312: Set draw.
        !           313: The pen is used instead of the eraser.
        !           314: .PP
        !           315: .IR se :
        !           316: Set erase.
        !           317: The eraser is used instead of the pen.
        !           318: .PP
        !           319: .IR ss<n> :
        !           320: Set size of bold pen.
        !           321: <n> is a digit from 1 to 9.
        !           322: The size of the bold pen is set accordingly.
        !           323: This also affects the bold eraser.
        !           324: .RE
        !           325: .PP
        !           326: .IR u :
        !           327: Undo.  The previous change to the current window is undone.
        !           328: Note that undo is on a window by window basis, so that
        !           329: commands that affect characters or more than one window cannot be undone.
        !           330: .PP
        !           331: .IR "z <n>" :
        !           332: Zoom to level n.
        !           333: The screen is blown up by a factor of n.
        !           334: This only affects the appearance of the screen
        !           335: to make it easy to see the individual dots,
        !           336: and does not affect the size of the glyph or
        !           337: the result of a print command.
        !           338: Zooming to 1 shows the entire screen, a level of 3 or 4
        !           339: is probably good for editing glyphs.
        !           340: When a message is printed on the screen, fed automatically
        !           341: zooms out to level 1 so you can read the message.
        !           342: Hitting space will zoom back.
        !           343: z followed by <return> zooms out without changing the previous zoom.
        !           344: .PP
        !           345: .IR space :
        !           346: Zoom back to the level most recently requested by the z command.
        !           347: .PP
        !           348: .IR "A <i/e/r> <first> <last> [<oldps> <newps>]" :
        !           349: .br
        !           350: Artificially italicize/embolden/resize a range of glyphs in the current font.
        !           351: Enter i for italicize, e for embolden, or r for resize,
        !           352: and the first and last character in the range desired.
        !           353: If you are resizing you will also have to enter the old and new point
        !           354: size, each terminated by a return.
        !           355: Each glyph is gotten and changed on the screen visibly.
        !           356: Glyphs are italicized by slanting them to the right at a slope of 1/5.
        !           357: They are emboldened by smearing them to the right a number if pixels
        !           358: equal to the current heavy pen size.
        !           359: They are resized with an algorithm which translates all on bits
        !           360: to the new position.
        !           361: These operations will be considerably faster if the
        !           362: .B \-q
        !           363: option is in effect,
        !           364: since much overhead is involved in the graphic display.
        !           365: .PP
        !           366: .IR B :
        !           367: Move the base to the cursor.
        !           368: The cursor is turned on.
        !           369: .PP
        !           370: .IR "C <from> <to>" :
        !           371: Copy the glyph in character <from> to character <to>.
        !           372: If <from> has a window on the screen, that window is
        !           373: given to <to>.
        !           374: .PP
        !           375: .IR "D <from> <through>" :
        !           376: Delete a range of characters in the font, from <from> through <through>
        !           377: inclusive.  To delete a single character type it twice.
        !           378: .PP
        !           379: .IR "E <file>" :
        !           380: Edit the named file.
        !           381: If changes have been made to the current file,
        !           382: confirmation will be requested.
        !           383: (Either 'y' or 'E' is accepted.)
        !           384: The file name is terminated with return.
        !           385: .PP
        !           386: .IR "F <first> <last>" :
        !           387: Show the font on the screen.
        !           388: The characters in the specified range are shown.
        !           389: The width values are used to get natural spacing.
        !           390: The display will remain until another command is typed,
        !           391: at which time the previous display will be redrawn and
        !           392: the new command will be executed.
        !           393: As a special case, a ``p'' command will print the results
        !           394: of the ``F'' command instead of the previous display.
        !           395: .PP
        !           396: .IR "I <h/v>" :
        !           397: Invert the current glyph about a horizontal or vertical axis,
        !           398: as indicated by
        !           399: .I h
        !           400: or
        !           401: .IR v .
        !           402: The axis runs up the center of the window.
        !           403: The base can be subsequently positioned with the
        !           404: .I B
        !           405: command.
        !           406: .PP
        !           407: .IR K :
        !           408: Kill the current glyph.
        !           409: All dots are set to blank.
        !           410: The glyph is not removed from the font.
        !           411: This is used for redrawing a glyph from scratch or
        !           412: replacing it with another glyph.
        !           413: .PP
        !           414: .IR "M <from> <to>" :
        !           415: Move a glyph from <from> to <to>.
        !           416: This is just like the copy command but the original is deleted.
        !           417: .PP
        !           418: .IR "N <file>" :
        !           419: Write out the current file, if necessary, and edit the new file specified.
        !           420: The file name is terminated with return.
        !           421: .PP
        !           422: .IR "P <first> <last> <file>" :
        !           423: Partial read from a file.
        !           424: A file and the first and last characters in the range are prompted for.
        !           425: Characters not in the range are left unmodified,
        !           426: characters in the range are handled as in the R command.
        !           427: .PP
        !           428: .IR Q :
        !           429: Quit the editor, without saving any work.
        !           430: If changes have been made confirmation will be required
        !           431: (either `Q' or 'y' is taken as `yes'.)
        !           432: .PP
        !           433: .IR "R <file>" :
        !           434: Read in the named file on top of the current file.
        !           435: Glyphs are merged wherever possible.
        !           436: If there is a conflict, you will be asked whether fed should
        !           437: take the glyph from the file (f) or buffer (b).
        !           438: Responding with F or B will lock in that mode for the remainder of the read.
        !           439: The file name is terminated with a return.
        !           440: .PP
        !           441: .IR "T <text>" :
        !           442: .PP
        !           443: Typeset the line of text on the terminal.
        !           444: This is similar to the F command except that
        !           445: the given text is arranged on the screen, so
        !           446: you can see how some particular combination of characters would look.
        !           447: .PP
        !           448: .IR V :
        !           449: Toggle whether editing is being done in inverse video mode.
        !           450: .PP
        !           451: .IR "W <file>" :
        !           452: Write the buffer out onto the named file,
        !           453: which is terminated by return.
        !           454: A null file name means the current file name.
        !           455: .PP
        !           456: .IR "ZZ" :
        !           457: Exit fed.
        !           458: A write is done, if necessary,
        !           459: followed by a quit.
        !           460: This is the normal way to leave fed.
        !           461: The Z must be doubled for compatibility with
        !           462: .IR vi .
        !           463: .PP
        !           464: .IR "." :
        !           465: Turn on the dot under the cursor.
        !           466: The cursor is turned off.
        !           467: .PP
        !           468: .IR ">" :
        !           469: Turn off the dot under the cursor.
        !           470: The cursor is turned off.
        !           471: .PP
        !           472: .IR "# <char> <field> <value>" :
        !           473: Edit a numerical field.
        !           474: This only makes sense if the glyph has not been gotten
        !           475: .RI ( g
        !           476: or
        !           477: .IR n )
        !           478: yet,
        !           479: since otherwise the values are taken from window specific things
        !           480: such as the base.
        !           481: Fed does not do any sanity checking, but just substitutes the value input.
        !           482: Fields are the first letter of any field from the dispatch structure
        !           483: (see vfont(5)), specifically, these fields are
        !           484: .IR addr ,
        !           485: .IR nbytes ,
        !           486: .IR left ,
        !           487: .IR right ,
        !           488: .IR up ,
        !           489: .IR down ,
        !           490: and
        !           491: .IR width .
        !           492: The number, which may be signed, is terminated by a newline.
        !           493: .SH FILES
        !           494: /usr/lib/vfont/*.*
        !           495: .SH SEE ALSO
        !           496: vfont(5), vfontinfo(1), vtroff(1), vwidth(1)
        !           497: .SH AUTHOR
        !           498: Mark Horton
        !           499: .SH BUGS
        !           500: Attempting to use the second 128 characters would be folly.
        !           501: Fed has never been tested on such fonts, and at a bare minimum
        !           502: there would be problems trying to input 8 bit characters.
        !           503: .PP
        !           504: The character DEL is interpreted by the tty driver to mean interrupt.
        !           505: Hence the corresponding glyph cannot be accessed.
        !           506: The
        !           507: .IR start ,
        !           508: .IR stop ,
        !           509: and
        !           510: .I quit
        !           511: characters are turned off, but other characters used by the
        !           512: new tty driver must be quoted with ^V.
        !           513: .PP
        !           514: Changed widths are not copied to the width table used by troff.
        !           515: This only matters if logical widths are changed, or if
        !           516: glyphs are moved around.
        !           517: For these cases,
        !           518: .I vwidth(1)
        !           519: must be used.
        !           520: .PP
        !           521: The artificial operations don't do a very good job.
        !           522: The quality possible from blowing a font up is in general poor.
        !           523: Italicizing tends to make edges that were previously slanted very ragged.
        !           524: However, these operations are better than nothing at all and are
        !           525: a reasonable first approximation for hand fixing.
        !           526: .PP
        !           527: The HP 2648 Terminal on which this runs has been stolen.

This archive runs on limited infrastructure. Preserving old code on modern bandwidth. Automated agents are requested to crawl responsibly.