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Annotation of 43BSDReno/sbin/dump/dump.8, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
        !             3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
        !             4: .\"
        !             5: .\"    @(#)dump.8      6.4 (Berkeley) 6/24/90
        !             6: .\"
        !             7: .TH DUMP 8 "June 24, 1990"
        !             8: .UC 4
        !             9: .SH NAME
        !            10: dump \- incremental file system dump
        !            11: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !            12: .B dump
        !            13: [ key [
        !            14: .I argument
        !            15: \&... ] filesystem ]
        !            16: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            17: .I Dump
        !            18: copies to magnetic tape all files
        !            19: changed after a certain date
        !            20: in the
        !            21: .I filesystem.
        !            22: The
        !            23: .I key
        !            24: specifies the date and other options about the dump.
        !            25: .I Key
        !            26: consists of characters from
        !            27: the set
        !            28: .B 0123456789fusdWn.
        !            29: .TP 5
        !            30: .B  0\-9
        !            31: This number is the `dump level'.
        !            32: All files modified since the last date stored
        !            33: in the file
        !            34: .I /etc/dumpdates
        !            35: for the same filesystem at lesser levels
        !            36: will be dumped.
        !            37: If no date is determined by the level,
        !            38: the beginning of time is assumed;
        !            39: thus the option
        !            40: .B 0
        !            41: causes the entire filesystem to be dumped.
        !            42: .TP 5
        !            43: .B f
        !            44: Place the dump on the next 
        !            45: .I argument 
        !            46: file
        !            47: instead of the tape.
        !            48: If the name of the file is ``\-'',
        !            49: .I dump 
        !            50: writes to standard output.
        !            51: .TP 5
        !            52: .B u
        !            53: If the dump completes successfully,
        !            54: write the date of the beginning of the dump on
        !            55: file
        !            56: .I /etc/dumpdates.
        !            57: This file records a separate date for
        !            58: each filesystem and each dump level.
        !            59: The format of
        !            60: .I /etc/dumpdates
        !            61: is readable by people, consisting of one
        !            62: free format record per line:
        !            63: filesystem name, increment level
        !            64: and
        !            65: .I ctime(3)
        !            66: format dump date.  
        !            67: .I /etc/dumpdates
        !            68: may be edited to change any of the fields,
        !            69: if necessary.
        !            70: .TP 5
        !            71: .B s
        !            72: The size of the dump tape is specified in feet.
        !            73: The number of feet is taken from the next
        !            74: .I argument.
        !            75: When the specified size is reached,
        !            76: .I dump
        !            77: will wait for reels to be changed.
        !            78: The default tape size is 2300 feet.
        !            79: .TP 5
        !            80: .B d
        !            81: The density of the tape, expressed in BPI,
        !            82: is taken from the next
        !            83: .I argument.
        !            84: This is used in calculating the amount of tape
        !            85: used per reel. The default is 1600.
        !            86: .TP 5
        !            87: .B W
        !            88: .I Dump
        !            89: tells the operator what file systems need to be dumped.
        !            90: This information is gleaned from the files
        !            91: .I /etc/dumpdates
        !            92: and
        !            93: .I /etc/fstab.
        !            94: The
        !            95: .B W
        !            96: option causes
        !            97: .I dump
        !            98: to print out, for each file system in
        !            99: .I /etc/dumpdates
        !           100: the most recent dump date and level,
        !           101: and highlights those file systems that should be dumped.
        !           102: If the 
        !           103: .B W
        !           104: option is set, all other options are ignored, and
        !           105: .I dump
        !           106: exits immediately.
        !           107: .TP 5
        !           108: .B w
        !           109: Is like W, but prints only those filesystems which need to be dumped.
        !           110: .TP 5
        !           111: .B n
        !           112: Whenever
        !           113: .I dump
        !           114: requires operator attention,
        !           115: notify by means similar to a
        !           116: .IR wall (1)
        !           117: all of the operators in the group \*(lqoperator\*(rq.
        !           118: .PP
        !           119: If no arguments are given,
        !           120: the
        !           121: .I key
        !           122: is assumed to be
        !           123: .B 9u
        !           124: and a default file system is dumped
        !           125: to the default tape.
        !           126: .PP
        !           127: .I Dump
        !           128: requires operator intervention on these conditions:
        !           129: end of tape,
        !           130: end of dump,
        !           131: tape write error,
        !           132: tape open error or
        !           133: disk read error (if there are more than a threshold of 32).
        !           134: In addition to alerting all operators implied by the
        !           135: .B n
        !           136: key,
        !           137: .I dump
        !           138: interacts with the operator on 
        !           139: .I dump's
        !           140: control terminal at times when
        !           141: .I dump
        !           142: can no longer proceed,
        !           143: or if something is grossly wrong.
        !           144: All questions
        !           145: .I dump
        !           146: poses
        !           147: .B must
        !           148: be answered by typing \*(lqyes\*(rq or \*(lqno\*(rq,
        !           149: appropriately.
        !           150: .PP
        !           151: Since making a dump involves a lot of time and effort for full dumps,
        !           152: .I dump
        !           153: checkpoints itself at the start of each tape volume.
        !           154: If writing that volume fails for some reason,
        !           155: .I dump
        !           156: will,
        !           157: with operator permission,
        !           158: restart itself from the checkpoint
        !           159: after the old tape has been rewound and removed,
        !           160: and a new tape has been mounted.
        !           161: .PP
        !           162: .I Dump
        !           163: tells the operator what is going on at periodic intervals,
        !           164: including usually low estimates of the number of blocks to write,
        !           165: the number of tapes it will take, the time to completion, and
        !           166: the time to the tape change.
        !           167: The output is verbose,
        !           168: so that others know that the terminal
        !           169: controlling
        !           170: .I dump
        !           171: is busy,
        !           172: and will be for some time.
        !           173: .PP
        !           174: Now a short suggestion on how to
        !           175: perform dumps.
        !           176: Start with a full level 0 dump
        !           177: .PP
        !           178:        dump 0un
        !           179: .PP
        !           180: Next, dumps of active file 
        !           181: systems are taken on a daily basis,
        !           182: using a modified Tower of Hanoi algorithm,
        !           183: with this sequence of dump levels:
        !           184: .ce 1
        !           185: 3 2 5 4 7 6 9 8 9 9 ...
        !           186: For the daily dumps, a set of 10 tapes per dumped file system
        !           187: is used on a cyclical basis.
        !           188: Each week, a level 1 dump is taken, and
        !           189: the daily Hanoi sequence repeats with 3.
        !           190: For weekly dumps, a set of 5 tapes per dumped file system is
        !           191: used, also on a cyclical basis.
        !           192: Each month, a level 0 dump is taken
        !           193: on a set of fresh tapes that is saved forever.
        !           194: .SH FILES
        !           195: .nf
        !           196: .ta \w'/etc/dumpdates\ \ 'u
        !           197: /dev/rrp1g     default filesystem to dump from
        !           198: /dev/rmt8      default tape unit to dump to
        !           199: /etc/dumpdates new format dump date record 
        !           200: /etc/fstab     dump table: file systems and frequency
        !           201: /etc/group     to find group \fIoperator\fP
        !           202: .fi
        !           203: .DT
        !           204: .br
        !           205: .SH "SEE ALSO"
        !           206: restore(8),
        !           207: dump(5),
        !           208: fstab(5)
        !           209: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
        !           210: Many, and verbose.
        !           211: .PP
        !           212: Dump exits with zero status on success.
        !           213: Startup errors are indicated with an exit code of 1;
        !           214: abnormal termination is indicated with an exit code of 3.
        !           215: .SH BUGS
        !           216: .PP
        !           217: Fewer than 32 read errors on the filesystem are ignored.
        !           218: Each reel requires a new process, so parent processes for
        !           219: reels already written just hang around until the entire tape
        !           220: is written.
        !           221: .PP
        !           222: .I Dump
        !           223: with the
        !           224: .B W
        !           225: or
        !           226: .B w
        !           227: options does not report filesystems that have never been recorded
        !           228: in /etc/dumpdates, even if listed in /etc/fstab.
        !           229: .PP
        !           230: It would be nice if
        !           231: .I dump
        !           232: knew about the dump sequence,
        !           233: kept track of the tapes scribbled on,
        !           234: told the operator which tape to mount when,
        !           235: and provided more assistance
        !           236: for the operator running
        !           237: .IR restore .

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