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1.1 root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California.
2: .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement
3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
4: .\"
5: .\" @(#)dump.8 6.4 (Berkeley) 6/24/90
6: .\"
7: .TH DUMP 8 "June 24, 1990"
8: .UC 4
9: .SH NAME
10: dump \- incremental file system dump
11: .SH SYNOPSIS
12: .B dump
13: [ key [
14: .I argument
15: \&... ] filesystem ]
16: .SH DESCRIPTION
17: .I Dump
18: copies to magnetic tape all files
19: changed after a certain date
20: in the
21: .I filesystem.
22: The
23: .I key
24: specifies the date and other options about the dump.
25: .I Key
26: consists of characters from
27: the set
28: .B 0123456789fusdWn.
29: .TP 5
30: .B 0\-9
31: This number is the `dump level'.
32: All files modified since the last date stored
33: in the file
34: .I /etc/dumpdates
35: for the same filesystem at lesser levels
36: will be dumped.
37: If no date is determined by the level,
38: the beginning of time is assumed;
39: thus the option
40: .B 0
41: causes the entire filesystem to be dumped.
42: .TP 5
43: .B f
44: Place the dump on the next
45: .I argument
46: file
47: instead of the tape.
48: If the name of the file is ``\-'',
49: .I dump
50: writes to standard output.
51: .TP 5
52: .B u
53: If the dump completes successfully,
54: write the date of the beginning of the dump on
55: file
56: .I /etc/dumpdates.
57: This file records a separate date for
58: each filesystem and each dump level.
59: The format of
60: .I /etc/dumpdates
61: is readable by people, consisting of one
62: free format record per line:
63: filesystem name, increment level
64: and
65: .I ctime(3)
66: format dump date.
67: .I /etc/dumpdates
68: may be edited to change any of the fields,
69: if necessary.
70: .TP 5
71: .B s
72: The size of the dump tape is specified in feet.
73: The number of feet is taken from the next
74: .I argument.
75: When the specified size is reached,
76: .I dump
77: will wait for reels to be changed.
78: The default tape size is 2300 feet.
79: .TP 5
80: .B d
81: The density of the tape, expressed in BPI,
82: is taken from the next
83: .I argument.
84: This is used in calculating the amount of tape
85: used per reel. The default is 1600.
86: .TP 5
87: .B W
88: .I Dump
89: tells the operator what file systems need to be dumped.
90: This information is gleaned from the files
91: .I /etc/dumpdates
92: and
93: .I /etc/fstab.
94: The
95: .B W
96: option causes
97: .I dump
98: to print out, for each file system in
99: .I /etc/dumpdates
100: the most recent dump date and level,
101: and highlights those file systems that should be dumped.
102: If the
103: .B W
104: option is set, all other options are ignored, and
105: .I dump
106: exits immediately.
107: .TP 5
108: .B w
109: Is like W, but prints only those filesystems which need to be dumped.
110: .TP 5
111: .B n
112: Whenever
113: .I dump
114: requires operator attention,
115: notify by means similar to a
116: .IR wall (1)
117: all of the operators in the group \*(lqoperator\*(rq.
118: .PP
119: If no arguments are given,
120: the
121: .I key
122: is assumed to be
123: .B 9u
124: and a default file system is dumped
125: to the default tape.
126: .PP
127: .I Dump
128: requires operator intervention on these conditions:
129: end of tape,
130: end of dump,
131: tape write error,
132: tape open error or
133: disk read error (if there are more than a threshold of 32).
134: In addition to alerting all operators implied by the
135: .B n
136: key,
137: .I dump
138: interacts with the operator on
139: .I dump's
140: control terminal at times when
141: .I dump
142: can no longer proceed,
143: or if something is grossly wrong.
144: All questions
145: .I dump
146: poses
147: .B must
148: be answered by typing \*(lqyes\*(rq or \*(lqno\*(rq,
149: appropriately.
150: .PP
151: Since making a dump involves a lot of time and effort for full dumps,
152: .I dump
153: checkpoints itself at the start of each tape volume.
154: If writing that volume fails for some reason,
155: .I dump
156: will,
157: with operator permission,
158: restart itself from the checkpoint
159: after the old tape has been rewound and removed,
160: and a new tape has been mounted.
161: .PP
162: .I Dump
163: tells the operator what is going on at periodic intervals,
164: including usually low estimates of the number of blocks to write,
165: the number of tapes it will take, the time to completion, and
166: the time to the tape change.
167: The output is verbose,
168: so that others know that the terminal
169: controlling
170: .I dump
171: is busy,
172: and will be for some time.
173: .PP
174: Now a short suggestion on how to
175: perform dumps.
176: Start with a full level 0 dump
177: .PP
178: dump 0un
179: .PP
180: Next, dumps of active file
181: systems are taken on a daily basis,
182: using a modified Tower of Hanoi algorithm,
183: with this sequence of dump levels:
184: .ce 1
185: 3 2 5 4 7 6 9 8 9 9 ...
186: For the daily dumps, a set of 10 tapes per dumped file system
187: is used on a cyclical basis.
188: Each week, a level 1 dump is taken, and
189: the daily Hanoi sequence repeats with 3.
190: For weekly dumps, a set of 5 tapes per dumped file system is
191: used, also on a cyclical basis.
192: Each month, a level 0 dump is taken
193: on a set of fresh tapes that is saved forever.
194: .SH FILES
195: .nf
196: .ta \w'/etc/dumpdates\ \ 'u
197: /dev/rrp1g default filesystem to dump from
198: /dev/rmt8 default tape unit to dump to
199: /etc/dumpdates new format dump date record
200: /etc/fstab dump table: file systems and frequency
201: /etc/group to find group \fIoperator\fP
202: .fi
203: .DT
204: .br
205: .SH "SEE ALSO"
206: restore(8),
207: dump(5),
208: fstab(5)
209: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
210: Many, and verbose.
211: .PP
212: Dump exits with zero status on success.
213: Startup errors are indicated with an exit code of 1;
214: abnormal termination is indicated with an exit code of 3.
215: .SH BUGS
216: .PP
217: Fewer than 32 read errors on the filesystem are ignored.
218: Each reel requires a new process, so parent processes for
219: reels already written just hang around until the entire tape
220: is written.
221: .PP
222: .I Dump
223: with the
224: .B W
225: or
226: .B w
227: options does not report filesystems that have never been recorded
228: in /etc/dumpdates, even if listed in /etc/fstab.
229: .PP
230: It would be nice if
231: .I dump
232: knew about the dump sequence,
233: kept track of the tapes scribbled on,
234: told the operator which tape to mount when,
235: and provided more assistance
236: for the operator running
237: .IR restore .
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