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1.1 root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1983 The Regents of the University of California.
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18: .\" @(#)ifconfig.8 6.12 (Berkeley) 6/24/90
19: .\"
20: .TH IFCONFIG 8 "June 24, 1990"
21: .UC 5
22: .SH NAME
23: ifconfig \- configure network interface parameters
24: .SH SYNOPSIS
25: .B ifconfig
26: interface address_family
27: [
28: .I address
29: [
30: .I dest_address
31: ] ] [
32: .I parameters
33: ]
34: .br
35: .B ifconfig
36: interface
37: [
38: protocol_family
39: ]
40: .SH DESCRIPTION
41: .I Ifconfig
42: is used to assign an address
43: to a network interface and/or configure
44: network interface parameters.
45: .I Ifconfig
46: must be used at boot time to define the network address
47: of each interface present on a machine; it may also be used at
48: a later time to redefine an interface's address
49: or other operating parameters. The
50: .I interface
51: parameter is a string of the form ``name unit'', e.g. ``en0''.
52: .LP
53: Since an interface may receive transmissions in differing protocols,
54: each of which may require separate naming schemes, it is necessary
55: to specify the
56: .IR address_family ,
57: which may change the interpretation of the remaining parameters.
58: The address families currently supported are ``inet'', ``iso'', and ``ns''.
59: .LP
60: For the DARPA-Internet family,
61: the address is either a host name present in the host name data
62: base,
63: .IR hosts (5),
64: or a DARPA Internet address expressed in the Internet standard
65: ``dot notation''.
66: For the Xerox Network Systems(tm) family,
67: addresses are
68: .IR net:a.b.c.d.e.f ,
69: where
70: .I net
71: is the assigned network number (in decimal),
72: and each of the six bytes of the host number,
73: .I a
74: through
75: .IR f ,
76: are specified in hexadecimal.
77: The host number may be omitted on 10Mb/s Ethernet interfaces,
78: which use the hardware physical address,
79: and on interfaces other than the first.
80: For the ISO family, addresses are specified as a long hexadecimal string,
81: as in the Xerox family. However, two consecutive dots imply a zero
82: byte, and the dots are optional, if the user wishes to (carefully)
83: count out long strings of digits in network byte order.
84: .PP
85: The following parameters may be set with
86: .IR ifconfig :
87: .TP 15
88: .B up
89: Mark an interface ``up''.
90: This may be used to enable an interface after an ``ifconfig down.''
91: It happens automatically when setting the first address on an interface.
92: If the interface was reset when previously marked down,
93: the hardware will be re-initialized.
94: .TP 15
95: .B down
96: Mark an interface ``down''. When an interface is
97: marked ``down'', the system will not attempt to
98: transmit messages through that interface.
99: If possible, the interface will be reset to disable reception as well.
100: This action does not automatically disable routes using the interface.
101: .TP 15
102: .B trailers
103: Request the use of a ``trailer'' link level encapsulation when
104: sending (default).
105: If a network interface supports
106: .IR trailers ,
107: the system will, when possible, encapsulate outgoing
108: messages in a manner which minimizes the number of
109: memory to memory copy operations performed by the receiver.
110: On networks that support the Address Resolution Protocol (see
111: .IR arp (4P);
112: currently, only 10 Mb/s Ethernet),
113: this flag indicates that the system should request that other
114: systems use trailers when sending to this host.
115: Similarly, trailer encapsulations will be sent to other
116: hosts that have made such requests.
117: Currently used by Internet protocols only.
118: .TP 15
119: .B \-trailers
120: Disable the use of a ``trailer'' link level encapsulation.
121: .TP 15
122: .B arp
123: Enable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol in mapping
124: between network level addresses and link level addresses (default).
125: This is currently implemented for mapping between DARPA Internet
126: addresses and 10Mb/s Ethernet addresses.
127: .TP 15
128: .B \-arp
129: Disable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol.
130: .TP 15
131: .BI metric " n"
132: Set the routing metric of the interface to
133: .IR n ,
134: default 0.
135: The routing metric is used by the routing protocol
136: .RI ( routed (8c)).
137: Higher metrics have the effect of making a route
138: less favorable; metrics are counted as addition hops
139: to the destination network or host.
140: .TP 15
141: .B debug
142: Enable driver dependent debugging code; usually, this turns on
143: extra console error logging.
144: .TP 15
145: .B \-debug
146: Disable driver dependent debugging code.
147: .TP 15
148: .BI netmask " mask"
149: (Inet and Iso)
150: Specify how much of the address to reserve for subdividing
151: networks into sub-networks.
152: The mask includes the network part of the local address
153: and the subnet part, which is taken from the host field of the address.
154: The mask can be specified as a single hexadecimal number
155: with a leading 0x, with a dot-notation Internet address,
156: or with a pseudo-network name listed in the network table
157: .IR networks (5).
158: The mask contains 1's for the bit positions in the 32-bit address
159: which are to be used for the network and subnet parts,
160: and 0's for the host part.
161: The mask should contain at least the standard network portion,
162: and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network
163: portion.
164: .TP 15
165: .B dest_address
166: Specify the address of the correspondent on the other end
167: of a point to point link.
168: .TP 15
169: .B broadcast
170: (Inet only)
171: Specify the address to use to represent broadcasts to the
172: network.
173: The default broadcast address is the address with a host part of all 1's.
174: .TP 15
175: .B ipdst
176: This is used to specify an Internet host who is willing to receive
177: ip packets encapsulating NS packets bound for a remote network.
178: An apparent point to point link is constructed, and
179: the address specified will be taken as the NS address and network
180: of the destination.
181: IP encapsulation of CLNP packets is done differently, see
182: .IR eon (5).
183: .TP 15
184: .B alias
185: Establish an additional network address for this interface.
186: This is sometimes useful when changing network numbers, and
187: one wishes to accept packets addressed to the old interface.
188: .TP 15
189: .B delete
190: Remove the network address specified.
191: This would be used if you incorrectly specified an alias, or it
192: was no longer needed.
193: If you have incorrectly set an NS address having the side effect
194: of specifying the host portion, removing all NS addresses will
195: allow you to respecify the host portion.
196: .TP 15
197: .BI nsellength " n"
198: (ISO only)
199: This specifies a trailing number of bytes for a received NSAP
200: used for local identification, the remaining leading part of which is
201: taken to be the NET (Network Entity Title).
202: The default value is 1, which is conformant to US GOSIP.
203: When an iso address is set in an ifconfig command,
204: it is really the NSAP which is being specified.
205: For example, in US GOSIP, 20 hex digits should be
206: specified in the ISO NSAP to be assigned to the interface.
207: There is some evidence that a number different 1 may be useful
208: for AFI 37 type addresses.
209: .PP
210: .I Ifconfig
211: displays the current configuration for a network interface
212: when no optional parameters are supplied.
213: If a protocol family is specified,
214: Ifconfig will report only the details specific to that protocol family.
215: .PP
216: Only the super-user may modify the configuration of a network interface.
217: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
218: Messages indicating the specified interface does not exit, the
219: requested address is unknown, or the user is not privileged and
220: tried to alter an interface's configuration.
221: .SH "SEE ALSO"
222: netstat(1), netintro(4), rc(8), routed(8), eon(5)
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