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1.1 root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1985 The Regents of the University of California.
2: .\" All rights reserved.
3: .\"
4: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided
5: .\" that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and
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7: .\" acknowledgement: ``This product includes software developed by the
8: .\" University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the
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11: .\" Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may
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13: .\" specific prior written permission.
14: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
15: .\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
16: .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
17: .\"
18: .\" @(#)restore.8 6.8 (Berkeley) 6/24/90
19: .\"
20: .TH RESTORE 8 "June 24, 1990"
21: .UC 4
22: .SH NAME
23: restore \- incremental file system restore
24: .SH SYNOPSIS
25: .B restore
26: key [ name ... ]
27: .SH DESCRIPTION
28: .PP
29: .I Restore
30: reads tapes dumped with the
31: .IR dump (8)
32: command.
33: Its actions are controlled by the
34: .I key
35: argument.
36: The
37: .I key
38: is a string of characters containing
39: at most one function letter and possibly
40: one or more function modifiers.
41: Other arguments to the command are file or directory
42: names specifying the files that are to be restored.
43: Unless the
44: .B h
45: key is specified (see below),
46: the appearance of a directory name refers to
47: the files and (recursively) subdirectories of that directory.
48: .PP
49: The function portion of
50: the key is specified by one of the following letters:
51: .TP 5n
52: .B r
53: The tape
54: is read and loaded into the current directory.
55: This should not be done lightly; the
56: .B r
57: key should only be used to restore
58: a complete dump tape onto a clear file system
59: or to restore an incremental dump tape after a full level zero restore.
60: Thus
61: .IP "" 5n
62: newfs /dev/rrp0g eagle
63: .br
64: mount /dev/rp0g /mnt
65: .br
66: cd /mnt
67: .br
68: restore r
69: .IP "" 5n
70: is a typical sequence to restore a complete dump.
71: Another
72: .I restore
73: can be done to get an incremental dump
74: in on top of this.
75: Note that
76: .I restore
77: leaves a file
78: .I restoresymtable
79: in the root directory to pass information between incremental
80: restore passes.
81: This file should be removed when the last incremental tape has been
82: restored.
83: .br
84: A
85: .IR dump (8)
86: followed by a
87: .IR newfs (8)
88: and a
89: .I restore
90: is used to change the size of a file system.
91: .TP 5n
92: .B R
93: .I Restore
94: requests a particular tape of a multi volume set on which to restart
95: a full restore
96: (see the
97: .B r
98: key above).
99: This allows
100: .I restore
101: to be interrupted and then restarted.
102: .TP 5n
103: .B x
104: The named files are extracted from the tape.
105: If the named file matches a directory whose contents
106: had been written onto the tape,
107: and the
108: .B h
109: key is not specified,
110: the directory is recursively extracted.
111: The owner, modification time,
112: and mode are restored (if possible).
113: If no file argument is given,
114: then the root directory is extracted,
115: which results in the entire content of the
116: tape being extracted,
117: unless the
118: .B h
119: key has been specified.
120: .TP 5n
121: .B t
122: The names of the specified files are listed if they occur
123: on the tape.
124: If no file argument is given,
125: then the root directory is listed,
126: which results in the entire content of the
127: tape being listed,
128: unless the
129: .B h
130: key has been specified.
131: Note that the
132: .B t
133: key replaces the function of the old
134: .I dumpdir
135: program.
136: .TP 5n
137: .B i
138: This mode allows interactive restoration of files from a dump tape.
139: After reading in the directory information from the tape,
140: .I restore
141: provides a shell like interface that allows the user to move
142: around the directory tree selecting files to be extracted.
143: The available commands are given below;
144: for those commands that require an argument,
145: the default is the current directory.
146: .IP "" 10n
147: .ti -5n
148: .br
149: .B ls
150: [arg] \-
151: List the current or specified directory.
152: Entries that are directories are appended with a ``/''.
153: Entries that have been marked for extraction are prepended with a ``*''.
154: If the verbose key is set the inode number of each entry is also listed.
155: .ti -5n
156: .sp
157: .B cd
158: arg \-
159: Change the current working directory to the specified argument.
160: .ti -5n
161: .sp
162: .B pwd
163: \-
164: Print the full pathname of the current working directory.
165: .ti -5n
166: .sp
167: .B add
168: [arg] \-
169: The current directory or specified argument is added to the list of
170: files to be extracted.
171: If a directory is specified, then it and all its descendents are
172: added to the extraction list
173: (unless the
174: .B h
175: key is specified on the command line).
176: Files that are on the extraction list are prepended with a ``*''
177: when they are listed by
178: .BR ls .
179: .ti -5n
180: .sp
181: .B delete
182: [arg] \-
183: The current directory or specified argument is deleted from the list of
184: files to be extracted.
185: If a directory is specified, then it and all its descendents are
186: deleted from the extraction list
187: (unless the
188: .B h
189: key is specified on the command line).
190: The most expedient way to extract most of the files from a directory
191: is to add the directory to the extraction list and then delete
192: those files that are not needed.
193: .ti -5n
194: .sp
195: .B extract
196: \-
197: All the files that are on the extraction list are extracted
198: from the dump tape.
199: .I Restore
200: will ask which volume the user wishes to mount.
201: The fastest way to extract a few files is to
202: start with the last volume, and work towards the first volume.
203: .ti -5n
204: .sp
205: .B setmodes
206: \-
207: All the directories that have been added to the extraction list
208: have their owner, modes, and times set;
209: nothing is extracted from the tape.
210: This is useful for cleaning up after a restore has been prematurely aborted.
211: .ti -5n
212: .sp
213: .B verbose
214: \-
215: The sense of the
216: .B v
217: key is toggled.
218: When set, the verbose key causes the
219: .B ls
220: command to list the inode numbers of all entries.
221: It also causes
222: .I restore
223: to print out information about each file as it is extracted.
224: .ti -5n
225: .sp
226: .B help
227: \-
228: List a summary of the available commands.
229: .ti -5n
230: .sp
231: .B quit
232: \-
233: Restore immediately exits,
234: even if the extraction list is not empty.
235: .sp
236: .PP
237: The following characters may be used in addition to the letter
238: that selects the function desired.
239: .TP 5n
240: .B b
241: The next argument to
242: .I restore
243: is used as the block size of the tape (in kilobytes).
244: If the \fB-b\fP option is not specified,
245: .I restore
246: tries to determine the tape block size dynamically.
247: .TP 5n
248: .B f
249: The next argument to
250: .I restore
251: is used as the name of the archive instead
252: of /dev/rmt?.
253: If the name of the file is ``\-'',
254: .I restore
255: reads from standard input.
256: Thus,
257: .IR dump (8)
258: and
259: .I restore
260: can be used in a pipeline to dump and restore a file system
261: with the command
262: .IP "" 5n
263: dump 0f - /usr | (cd /mnt; restore xf -)
264: .TP 5n
265: .B v
266: Normally
267: .I restore
268: does its work silently.
269: The
270: .B v
271: (verbose)
272: key causes it to type the name of each file it treats
273: preceded by its file type.
274: .TP 5n
275: .B y
276: .I Restore
277: will not ask whether it should abort the restore if gets a tape error.
278: It will always try to skip over the bad tape block(s) and continue as
279: best it can.
280: .TP 5n
281: .B m
282: .I Restore
283: will extract by inode numbers rather than by file name.
284: This is useful if only a few files are being extracted,
285: and one wants to avoid regenerating the complete pathname
286: to the file.
287: .TP 5n
288: .B h
289: .I Restore
290: extracts the actual directory,
291: rather than the files that it references.
292: This prevents hierarchical restoration of complete subtrees
293: from the tape.
294: .TP 5n
295: .B s
296: The next argument to
297: .I restore
298: is a number which
299: selects the file on a multi-file dump tape. File numbering
300: starts at 1.
301: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
302: Complaints about bad key characters.
303: .PP
304: Complaints if it gets a read error.
305: If
306: .B y
307: has been specified, or the user responds ``y'',
308: .I restore
309: will attempt to continue the restore.
310: .PP
311: If the dump extends over more than one tape,
312: .I restore
313: will ask the user to change tapes.
314: If the
315: .B x
316: or
317: .B i
318: key has been specified,
319: .I restore
320: will also ask which volume the user wishes to mount.
321: The fastest way to extract a few files is to
322: start with the last volume, and work towards the first volume.
323: .PP
324: There are numerous consistency checks that can be listed by
325: .IR restore .
326: Most checks are self-explanatory or can ``never happen''.
327: Common errors are given below.
328: .IP "Converting to new file system format." 5n
329: .br
330: A dump tape created from the old file system has been loaded.
331: It is automatically converted to the new file system format.
332: .IP "<filename>: not found on tape" 5n
333: .br
334: The specified file name was listed in the tape directory,
335: but was not found on the tape.
336: This is caused by tape read errors while looking for the file,
337: and from using a dump tape created on an active file system.
338: .IP "expected next file <inumber>, got <inumber>" 5n
339: .br
340: A file that was not listed in the directory showed up.
341: This can occur when using a dump tape created on an active file system.
342: .IP "Incremental tape too low" 5n
343: .br
344: When doing incremental restore,
345: a tape that was written before the previous incremental tape,
346: or that has too low an incremental level has been loaded.
347: .IP "Incremental tape too high" 5n
348: .br
349: When doing incremental restore,
350: a tape that does not begin its coverage where the previous incremental
351: tape left off,
352: or that has too high an incremental level has been loaded.
353: .IP "Tape read error while restoring <filename>" 5n
354: .ti -5n
355: .br
356: Tape read error while skipping over inode <inumber>
357: .ti -5n
358: .br
359: Tape read error while trying to resynchronize
360: .br
361: A tape read error has occurred.
362: If a file name is specified,
363: then its contents are probably partially wrong.
364: If an inode is being skipped or the tape is trying to resynchronize,
365: then no extracted files have been corrupted,
366: though files may not be found on the tape.
367: .IP "resync restore, skipped <num> blocks" 5n
368: .br
369: After a tape read error,
370: .I restore
371: may have to resynchronize itself.
372: This message lists the number of blocks that were skipped over.
373: .SH FILES
374: /dev/rmt? the default tape drive
375: .br
376: /tmp/rstdir* file containing directories on the tape.
377: .br
378: /tmp/rstmode* owner, mode, and time stamps for directories.
379: .br
380: \&./restoresymtable information passed between incremental restores.
381: .SH SEE ALSO
382: rrestore(8C) dump(8), newfs(8), mount(8), mkfs(8)
383: .SH BUGS
384: .I Restore
385: can get confused when doing incremental restores from
386: dump tapes that were made on active file systems.
387: .PP
388: A level zero dump must be done after a full restore.
389: Because restore runs in user code,
390: it has no control over inode allocation;
391: thus a full restore must be done to get a new set of directories
392: reflecting the new inode numbering,
393: even though the contents of the files is unchanged.
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