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1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
        !             3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
        !             4: .\"
        !             5: .\"    @(#)puman1.n    6.1 (Berkeley) 5/7/86
        !             6: .\"
        !             7: .if !\n(xx \{\
        !             8: .so tmac.p \}
        !             9: .if n 'ND
        !            10: 'nr H1 0
        !            11: .NH
        !            12: Sources of information
        !            13: .PP
        !            14: This section lists the resources available
        !            15: for information about
        !            16: general features of
        !            17: .UX ,
        !            18: text editing,
        !            19: the Pascal language,
        !            20: and the
        !            21: .UP
        !            22: implementation,
        !            23: concluding with a list of references.
        !            24: The available documents include both so-called standard documents \-
        !            25: those distributed with all
        !            26: .UX
        !            27: system \-
        !            28: and documents (such as this one) written at Berkeley.
        !            29: .NH 2
        !            30: Where to get documentation
        !            31: .PP
        !            32: Current documentation for most of the
        !            33: .UX
        !            34: system is available ``on line'' at your terminal.
        !            35: Details on getting such documentation interactively are given
        !            36: in section 1.3.
        !            37: .NH 2
        !            38: Documentation describing UNIX
        !            39: .PP
        !            40: The following documents are those recommended as tutorial and
        !            41: reference material about the
        !            42: .UX
        !            43: system.
        !            44: We give the documents with the introductory and tutorial materials
        !            45: first, the reference materials last.
        !            46: .SH
        !            47: UNIX For Beginners \- Second Edition
        !            48: .PP
        !            49: This document is the basic tutorial for 
        !            50: .UX
        !            51: available with the standard system.
        !            52: .SH
        !            53: Communicating with UNIX
        !            54: .PP
        !            55: This is also a basic tutorial on the system and assumes
        !            56: no previous familiarity
        !            57: with computers; it was written at Berkeley.
        !            58: .SH
        !            59: An introduction to the C shell
        !            60: .PP
        !            61: This document introduces
        !            62: .I csh,
        !            63: the shell in common use at Berkeley, and provides a good deal of general
        !            64: description about the way in which the system functions.
        !            65: It provides a useful glossary of terms used in discussing the system.
        !            66: .SH
        !            67: UNIX Programmer's Manual
        !            68: .PP
        !            69: This manual is the major source of details on the components of the
        !            70: .UX
        !            71: system.
        !            72: It consists of an Introduction,
        !            73: a permuted index,
        !            74: and eight command sections.
        !            75: Section 1 consists of descriptions of most of the ``commands''
        !            76: of
        !            77: .UX .
        !            78: Most of the other sections have limited relevance to the user
        !            79: of
        !            80: Berkeley
        !            81: Pascal, being of interest mainly to system programmers.
        !            82: .PP
        !            83: U\s-2NIX\s0
        !            84: documentation often refers the reader to sections of the manual.
        !            85: Such a reference consists of a command name and a section number or name.
        !            86: An example of such a reference would be:
        !            87: .I ed
        !            88: (1).
        !            89: Here
        !            90: .I ed
        !            91: is a command name \- the standard
        !            92: .UX
        !            93: text editor, and `(1)' indicates that its documentation is in section 1 of the
        !            94: manual.
        !            95: .PP
        !            96: The pieces of the
        !            97: Berkeley
        !            98: Pascal system are
        !            99: .I pi
        !           100: (1),
        !           101: .X
        !           102: (1),
        !           103: the combined Pascal translator and interpretive executor
        !           104: .IX
        !           105: (1),
        !           106: the Pascal compiler
        !           107: .PC
        !           108: (1),
        !           109: the Pascal execution profiler
        !           110: .XP
        !           111: (1),
        !           112: and
        !           113: the Pascal cross-reference generator
        !           114: .I pxref
        !           115: (1).
        !           116: .PP
        !           117: It is possible to obtain a copy of a manual section
        !           118: by using the
        !           119: .I man
        !           120: (1) command.
        !           121: To get the Pascal documentation just described one could issue the
        !           122: command:
        !           123: .LS
        !           124: % \*bman pi\fP
        !           125: .LE
        !           126: to the shell.
        !           127: The user input here is shown in
        !           128: .B "bold face" ;
        !           129: the `% ',
        !           130: which was printed by the shell as a prompt,
        !           131: is not.
        !           132: Similarly the command:
        !           133: .LS
        !           134: % \*bman man\fP
        !           135: .LE
        !           136: asks the
        !           137: .I man
        !           138: command to describe itself.
        !           139: .NH 2
        !           140: Text editing documents
        !           141: .PP
        !           142: The following documents introduce the various
        !           143: .UX
        !           144: text editors.
        !           145: Most Berkeley users use a version of the text editor
        !           146: .I ex;
        !           147: either
        !           148: .I edit,
        !           149: which is a version of
        !           150: .I ex
        !           151: for new and casual users,
        !           152: .I ex
        !           153: itself,
        !           154: or
        !           155: .I vi
        !           156: (visual) which focuses on the display editing portion of
        !           157: .I ex.
        !           158: .SH
        !           159: A Tutorial Introduction to the UNIX Text Editor
        !           160: .PP
        !           161: This document, written by Brian Kernighan of Bell Laboratories,
        !           162: is a tutorial for the standard
        !           163: .UX
        !           164: text editor
        !           165: .I ed.
        !           166: It introduces you to the basics of text editing,
        !           167: and provides enough information to meet day-to-day editing needs,
        !           168: for
        !           169: .I ed
        !           170: users.
        !           171: .SH
        !           172: Edit: A tutorial
        !           173: .PP
        !           174: This introduces the use of
        !           175: .I edit,
        !           176: an editor similar to
        !           177: .I ed
        !           178: which provides a more hospitable environment for beginning users.
        !           179: .SH
        !           180: Ex/edit Command Summary
        !           181: .PP
        !           182: This summarizes the features of the editors
        !           183: .I ex
        !           184: and
        !           185: .I edit
        !           186: in a concise form.  If you have used a line oriented editor before
        !           187: this summary alone may be enough to get you started.
        !           188: .SH
        !           189: Ex Reference Manual \- Version 3.7
        !           190: .PP
        !           191: A complete reference on the features of
        !           192: .I ex
        !           193: and
        !           194: .I edit.
        !           195: .SH
        !           196: An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi
        !           197: .PP
        !           198: .I Vi
        !           199: is a display oriented text editor.  It can be used on most any \s-2CRT\s0
        !           200: terminal,
        !           201: and uses the screen as a window into the file you are editing.  Changes
        !           202: you make to the file are reflected in what you see.  This manual serves
        !           203: both as an introduction to editing with
        !           204: .I vi
        !           205: and a reference manual.
        !           206: .SH
        !           207: Vi Quick Reference
        !           208: .PP
        !           209: This reference card is a handy quick guide to
        !           210: .I vi;
        !           211: you should get one when you get the introduction to
        !           212: .I vi.
        !           213: .NH 2
        !           214: Pascal documents \- The language
        !           215: .PP
        !           216: This section describes the documents on the Pascal language
        !           217: which are likely to be most useful to the
        !           218: Berkeley
        !           219: Pascal user.
        !           220: Complete references for these documents are given in section 1.7.
        !           221: .SH
        !           222: Pascal User Manual
        !           223: .PP
        !           224: By Kathleen Jensen and Niklaus Wirth, the
        !           225: .I "User Manual"
        !           226: provides a tutorial introduction to the features
        !           227: of the language Pascal,
        !           228: and serves as an excellent quick-reference to the language.
        !           229: The reader with no familiarity with Algol-like languages 
        !           230: may prefer one of the Pascal text books listed below,
        !           231: as they provide more examples and explanation.
        !           232: Particularly important here are pages 116-118 which define the syntax
        !           233: of the language.
        !           234: Sections 13 and 14 and Appendix F pertain only to the
        !           235: 6000-3.4 implementation of Pascal.
        !           236: .SH
        !           237: Pascal Report
        !           238: .PP
        !           239: By Niklaus Wirth, this document is bound with the
        !           240: .I "User Manual."
        !           241: It is the guiding reference for implementors and the fundamental
        !           242: definition of the language.
        !           243: Some programmers find this report too concise to be of practical use,
        !           244: preferring the
        !           245: .I "User Manual"
        !           246: as a reference.
        !           247: .SH
        !           248: Books on Pascal
        !           249: .PP
        !           250: Several good books which teach Pascal or use it as a medium are
        !           251: available.
        !           252: The books by Wirth
        !           253: .I "Systematic Programming"
        !           254: and
        !           255: .I "Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs"
        !           256: use Pascal as a vehicle for teaching programming and data structure
        !           257: concepts respectively.
        !           258: They are both recommended.
        !           259: Other books on Pascal are listed in the references below.
        !           260: .NH 2
        !           261: Pascal documents \- The Berkeley Implementation
        !           262: .PP
        !           263: This section describes the documentation which is available
        !           264: describing the
        !           265: Berkeley
        !           266: implementation of Pascal.
        !           267: .SH
        !           268: User's Manual
        !           269: .PP
        !           270: The document you are reading is the 
        !           271: .I "User's Manual"
        !           272: for
        !           273: .UP .
        !           274: We often refer the reader to the
        !           275: Jensen-Wirth
        !           276: .I "User Manual"
        !           277: mentioned above,
        !           278: a different document with a similar name.
        !           279: .SH
        !           280: Manual sections
        !           281: .PP
        !           282: The sections relating to Pascal in the
        !           283: .I "UNIX Programmer's Manual"
        !           284: are
        !           285: .IX
        !           286: (1),
        !           287: .PI
        !           288: (1),
        !           289: .PC
        !           290: (1),
        !           291: .X
        !           292: (1),
        !           293: .I pxp
        !           294: (1),
        !           295: and
        !           296: .I pxref
        !           297: (1).
        !           298: These sections give a description of each program,
        !           299: summarize the available options,
        !           300: indicate files used by the program,
        !           301: give basic information on the diagnostics produced 
        !           302: and include a list of known bugs.
        !           303: .SH
        !           304: Implementation notes
        !           305: .PP
        !           306: For those interested in the internal organization of the
        !           307: Berkeley
        !           308: Pascal system there are a series of
        !           309: .I "Implementation Notes"
        !           310: describing these details.
        !           311: The
        !           312: .I "Berkeley Pascal PXP Implementation Notes"
        !           313: describe the Pascal interpreter
        !           314: .X \|;
        !           315: and the
        !           316: .I "Berkeley Pascal PX Implementation Notes"
        !           317: describe the structure of the
        !           318: execution profiler
        !           319: .I pxp .
        !           320: .br
        !           321: .ne 8
        !           322: .NH 2
        !           323: References
        !           324: .de re
        !           325: .sp
        !           326: .IP
        !           327: 'nf
        !           328: ..
        !           329: .SH
        !           330: UNIX Documents
        !           331: .re
        !           332: .I "Communicating With UNIX"
        !           333: Computer Center
        !           334: University of California, Berkeley
        !           335: January, 1978.
        !           336: .re
        !           337: Ricki Blau and James Joyce
        !           338: .I "Edit: a tutorial"
        !           339: UNIX User's Supplementary Documents (USD), 14
        !           340: University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720
        !           341: April, 1986.
        !           342: .re
        !           343: .I "Ex/edit Command Summary"
        !           344: Computer Center
        !           345: University of California, Berkeley
        !           346: August, 1978.
        !           347: .re
        !           348: William Joy
        !           349: .I "Ex Reference Manual \- Version 3.7"
        !           350: UNIX User's Supplementary Documents (USD), 16
        !           351: University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720
        !           352: April, 1986.
        !           353: .re
        !           354: William Joy
        !           355: .I "An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi"
        !           356: UNIX User's Supplementary Documents (USD), 15
        !           357: University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720
        !           358: April, 1986.
        !           359: .re
        !           360: William Joy
        !           361: .I "An Introduction to the C shell (Revised)"
        !           362: UNIX User's Supplementary Documents (USD), 4
        !           363: University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720
        !           364: April, 1986.
        !           365: .re
        !           366: Brian W. Kernighan
        !           367: .I "UNIX for Beginners \- Second Edition"
        !           368: UNIX User's Supplementary Documents (USD), 1
        !           369: University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720
        !           370: April, 1986.
        !           371: .re
        !           372: Brian W. Kernighan
        !           373: .I "A Tutorial Introduction to the UNIX Text Editor"
        !           374: UNIX User's Supplementary Documents (USD), 12
        !           375: University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720
        !           376: April, 1986.
        !           377: .re
        !           378: Dennis M. Ritchie and Ken Thompson
        !           379: .I "The UNIX Time Sharing System"
        !           380: Reprinted from Communications of the ACM July 1974 in
        !           381: UNIX Programmer's Supplementary Documents, Volume 2 (PS2), 1
        !           382: University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720
        !           383: April, 1986.
        !           384: .SH
        !           385: Pascal Language Documents
        !           386: .re
        !           387: Cooper and Clancy
        !           388: .I "Oh! Pascal!, 2nd Edition"
        !           389: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
        !           390: 500 Fifth Ave., NY, NY. 10110
        !           391: 1985, 475 pp.
        !           392: .re
        !           393: Cooper
        !           394: .I "Standard Pascal User Reference Manual"
        !           395: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
        !           396: 500 Fifth Ave., NY, NY. 10110
        !           397: 1983, 176 pp.
        !           398: .re
        !           399: Kathleen Jensen and Niklaus Wirth
        !           400: .I "Pascal \- User Manual and Report"
        !           401: Springer-Verlag, New York.
        !           402: 1975, 167 pp.
        !           403: .re
        !           404: Niklaus Wirth
        !           405: .I "Algorithms + Data structures = Programs"
        !           406: Prentice-Hall, New York.
        !           407: 1976, 366 pp.
        !           408: .SH
        !           409: Berkeley Pascal documents
        !           410: .PP
        !           411: The following documents are available from the Computer Center Library
        !           412: at the University of California, Berkeley.
        !           413: .nf
        !           414: .re
        !           415: William N. Joy
        !           416: .I "Berkeley Pascal PX Implementation Notes"
        !           417: Version 1.1, April 1979.
        !           418: (Vax-11 Version 2.0 By Kirk McKusick, December, 1979)
        !           419: .re
        !           420: William N. Joy
        !           421: .I "Berkeley Pascal PXP Implementation Notes"
        !           422: Version 1.1, April 1979.

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