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1.1 ! root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California. ! 2: .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement ! 3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. ! 4: .\" ! 5: .\" @(#)1.0.t 6.2 (Berkeley) 5/12/86 ! 6: .\" ! 7: .ds ss 1 ! 8: .sh "Kernel primitives ! 9: .PP ! 10: The facilities available to a UNIX user process are logically ! 11: divided into two parts: kernel facilities directly implemented by ! 12: UNIX code running in the operating system, and system facilities ! 13: implemented either by the system, or in cooperation with a ! 14: \fIserver process\fP. These kernel facilities are described in ! 15: this section 1. ! 16: .PP ! 17: The facilities implemented in the kernel are those which define the ! 18: \fIUNIX virtual machine\fP in which each process runs. ! 19: Like many real machines, this virtual machine has memory management hardware, ! 20: an interrupt facility, timers and counters. The UNIX ! 21: virtual machine also allows access to files and other objects through a set of ! 22: \fIdescriptors\fP. Each descriptor resembles a device controller, ! 23: and supports a set of operations. Like devices on real machines, some ! 24: of which are internal to the machine and some of which are external, ! 25: parts of the descriptor machinery are built-in to the operating system, while ! 26: other parts are often implemented in server processes on other machines. ! 27: The facilities provided through the descriptor machinery are described in ! 28: section 2. ! 29: .ds ss 2
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