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1.1 root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1986 Regents of the University of California.
2: .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement
3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
4: .\"
5: .\" @(#)0.t 4.3 (Berkeley) 5/20/86
6: .\"
7: .if n .ND
8: .TL
9: Fsck \- The UNIX\(dg File System Check Program
10: .EH 'SMM:5-%''The \s-2UNIX\s+2 File System Check Program'
11: .OH 'The \s-2UNIX\s+2 File System Check Program''SMM:5-%'
12: .AU
13: Marshall Kirk McKusick
14: .AI
15: Computer Systems Research Group
16: Computer Science Division
17: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
18: University of California, Berkeley
19: Berkeley, CA 94720
20: .AU
21: T. J. Kowalski
22: .AI
23: Bell Laboratories
24: Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
25: .AB
26: .FS
27: \(dgUNIX is a trademark of Bell Laboratories.
28: .FE
29: .FS
30: This work was done under grants from
31: the National Science Foundation under grant MCS80-05144,
32: and the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DoD) under
33: Arpa Order No. 4031 monitored by Naval Electronic System Command under
34: Contract No. N00039-82-C-0235.
35: .FE
36: This document reflects the use of
37: .I fsck
38: with the 4.2BSD and 4.3BSD file system organization. This
39: is a revision of the
40: original paper written by
41: T. J. Kowalski.
42: .PP
43: File System Check Program (\fIfsck\fR)
44: is an interactive file system check and repair program.
45: .I Fsck
46: uses the redundant structural information in the
47: UNIX file system to perform several consistency checks.
48: If an inconsistency is detected, it is reported
49: to the operator, who may elect to fix or ignore
50: each inconsistency.
51: These inconsistencies result from the permanent interruption
52: of the file system updates, which are performed every
53: time a file is modified.
54: Unless there has been a hardware failure,
55: .I fsck
56: is able to repair corrupted file systems
57: using procedures based upon the order in which UNIX honors
58: these file system update requests.
59: .PP
60: The purpose of this document is to describe the normal updating
61: of the file system,
62: to discuss the possible causes of file system corruption,
63: and to present the corrective actions implemented
64: by
65: .I fsck.
66: Both the program and the interaction between the
67: program and the operator are described.
68: .sp 2
69: .LP
70: Revised July 16, 1985
71: .AE
72: .LP
73: .bp
74: .ce
75: .B "TABLE OF CONTENTS"
76: .LP
77: .sp 1
78: .nf
79: .B "1. Introduction"
80: .LP
81: .sp .5v
82: .nf
83: .B "2. Overview of the file system
84: 2.1. Superblock
85: 2.2. Summary Information
86: 2.3. Cylinder groups
87: 2.4. Fragments
88: 2.5. Updates to the file system
89: .LP
90: .sp .5v
91: .nf
92: .B "3. Fixing corrupted file systems
93: 3.1. Detecting and correcting corruption
94: 3.2. Super block checking
95: 3.3. Free block checking
96: 3.4. Checking the inode state
97: 3.5. Inode links
98: 3.6. Inode data size
99: 3.7. Checking the data associated with an inode
100: 3.8. File system connectivity
101: .LP
102: .sp .5v
103: .nf
104: .B Acknowledgements
105: .LP
106: .sp .5v
107: .nf
108: .B References
109: .LP
110: .sp .5v
111: .nf
112: .B "4. Appendix A
113: 4.1. Conventions
114: 4.2. Initialization
115: 4.3. Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes
116: 4.4. Phase 1b - Rescan for more Dups
117: 4.5. Phase 2 - Check Pathnames
118: 4.6. Phase 3 - Check Connectivity
119: 4.7. Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts
120: 4.8. Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups
121: 4.9. Cleanup
122: .ds RH Introduction
123: .bp
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