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Annotation of 43BSDReno/share/doc/smm/12.uchanges/8.t, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1986 Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
        !             3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
        !             4: .\"
        !             5: .\"    @(#)8.t 6.7 (Berkeley) 4/14/86
        !             6: .\"
        !             7: .SH
        !             8: .LG
        !             9: .ce
        !            10: Section 8
        !            11: .SM
        !            12: .sp
        !            13: .LP
        !            14: Major changes affecting system operations include:
        !            15: .IP \(bu 3
        !            16: The format of the ttys file, \fI/etc/ttys\fP, has been changed
        !            17: to include information about terminal type.
        !            18: .IP \(bu 3
        !            19: The \fIcrontab\fP file used by \fIcron\fP has a new field in each line
        !            20: to specify the user ID to be used.
        !            21: .IP \(bu 3
        !            22: A new Internet server-server, \fIinetd\fP,
        !            23: listens for service requests on a number of ports
        !            24: and spawns the appropriate server upon demand.
        !            25: Fewer of the Internet services now require long-lived daemon processes.
        !            26: .IP \(bu 3
        !            27: The \fIbad144\fP program
        !            28: can now be used to add new bad sectors to the bad sector file.
        !            29: Replacement sectors are rearranged as needed to sort the new sectors
        !            30: into the bad sector list.
        !            31: Reformat operations to mark bad sectors
        !            32: to the bad sector table should still be done only
        !            33: with the system running single user.
        !            34: .IP \(bu 3
        !            35: \fIGetty\fP's description file, \fI/etc/gettytab\fP, now describes what
        !            36: program should be run in addition to the other information that
        !            37: it used to include.
        !            38: .sp
        !            39: .PP
        !            40: .BP arff
        !            41: Has been extended to understand multiple directory segments.  
        !            42: This allows it
        !            43: to handle the console RL02 pack on the VAX 8600.
        !            44: .BP arp
        !            45: A new program for examining and modifying the kernel Address
        !            46: Resolution Protocol tables.
        !            47: .BP bad144
        !            48: \fIBad144\fP has new options to add sectors to the bad sector table and
        !            49: to attempt to copy sectors to their replacements before marking them bad.
        !            50: It verifies that the file is properly sorted.
        !            51: Verbose and no-write options allow dry runs.
        !            52: .BP catman
        !            53: Now allows a list of manual directories.  Links are properly set up so
        !            54: that the manual source need not be kept on line on all machines.
        !            55: .BP checkquota
        !            56: Runs multiple filesystems in parallel.  Quotas for users with zero blocks
        !            57: are left around but they are deleted if the user-id no longer exists.
        !            58: .BP chown
        !            59: Was modified to be recursive.
        !            60: \fIChown\fP accepts an \fIowner.group\fP syntax
        !            61: to change owner and group simultaneously.
        !            62: The group-id will be set correctly when dealing
        !            63: with symbolic links.
        !            64: .BP comsat
        !            65: \fIComsat\fP is now invoked by \fIinetd\fP.
        !            66: It reaps its child processes correctly.
        !            67: Large systems with many terminal lines are now handled.
        !            68: .BP config
        !            69: Swap size may be specified.  \fBMaxusers\fP is no longer truncated.
        !            70: The name of the generated
        !            71: .I Makefile
        !            72: is now capitalized.
        !            73: Object files may now be listed for inclusion in the \fIfiles\fP file
        !            74: and will be added to the compilation
        !            75: properly.  Optional files may be listed multiple times
        !            76: if different options require their inclusion.
        !            77: \fBSwapconf\fP supports larger unit numbers.
        !            78: \fIConfig\fP builds a new file containing definitions for counting
        !            79: device interrupts.
        !            80: .BP cron
        !            81: .I /usr/lib/crontab
        !            82: has a new format to specify the user-id under which the process should be run.
        !            83: .BP diskpart
        !            84: Handles disks with either cylinder or sector offsets and that do not use
        !            85: .I bad144
        !            86: bad block forwarding.
        !            87: .BP dump
        !            88: When dumping at 6250 bpi, the tape is written in 32Kb records instead
        !            89: of 10Kb records.
        !            90: Efforts have been made to improve the consistency of dumps made
        !            91: on active file systems (though the practice is still NOT recommended).
        !            92: The Caltech streaming dump modifications using a ring of slave
        !            93: processes have been incorporated.
        !            94: .I Dump
        !            95: makes a better estimate of the size of the dump by attempting
        !            96: to account for files with holes.
        !            97: The error messages have been made less condescending.
        !            98: .BP edquota
        !            99: Can edit quotas on filesystems where a user does not have any usage.
        !           100: .BP fingerd
        !           101: A new daemon to return user information; it runs under \fIinetd\fP.
        !           102: .BP fsck
        !           103: \fIFsck\fP has been sped up considerably by eliminating one of
        !           104: the two passes across the inodes.
        !           105: It has also been taught to create and grow directories
        !           106: so that it can now rebuild the root of a file system
        !           107: as well as create and enlarge the \fIlost+found\fP
        !           108: directory as necessary.
        !           109: .BP ftpd
        !           110: Among the new facilities supported by the FTP server are:
        !           111: the ABOR command for transfer abort,
        !           112: the PASV command for third party transfers,
        !           113: and the new RFC959 FTP commands (such as STOU, ``store unique'').
        !           114: \fIFtpd\fP now uses \fIsyslog\fP to log errors, and is invoked by \fIinetd\fP.
        !           115: .BP gettable
        !           116: Now has a flag for checking the version without retrieving the whole host table.
        !           117: .BP getty
        !           118: \fIGetty\fP supports automatic baud rate detection based on carriage
        !           119: return.  Support for window system startup has been added.  
        !           120: The login banner
        !           121: can now include the terminal name.  The environment is set up now and passed
        !           122: to 
        !           123: .I login .
        !           124: .BP htable
        !           125: Some byte ordering problems have been fixed.
        !           126: It is more intelligent about gateway handling.
        !           127: A looping problem with single character host names has been fixed.
        !           128: .BP ifconfig
        !           129: \fIIfconfig\fP has been augmented to allow different address families.
        !           130: The current families understood are \fIinet\fP and \fIns\fP.
        !           131: \fIIfconfig\fP has additions to set up subnets of Internet networks,
        !           132: change Internet broadcast addresses, and
        !           133: set destination addresses of point-to-point links.
        !           134: .BP implog
        !           135: Handles class B and class C networks.
        !           136: .BP inetd
        !           137: A new program to spawn network servers on demand.
        !           138: \fIInetd\fP listens on each port listed in its configuration file
        !           139: \fI/etc/inetd.conf\fP.
        !           140: When service requests arrive, it passes the original socket
        !           141: or a newly accepted socket to the designated server for the service.
        !           142: Several trivial services are implemented internally.
        !           143: .BP init
        !           144: May run commands other than \fIgetty\fP.  
        !           145: Large systems are no longer a problem.
        !           146: Window systems may be started.
        !           147: .BP lpc
        !           148: A new command, \fBdown\fP, disables queueing and printing, and, optionally,
        !           149: creates a status message displayed by the \fIlpq\fP program.  The
        !           150: \fBup\fP command reverses the effect of the \fBdown\fP command.  The
        !           151: \fBstatus\fP command now displays the contents of the print queue in
        !           152: addition to the status of the daemon process.  The \fBclean\fP command
        !           153: does a better job of removing incomplete queue entries.
        !           154: .BP lpd
        !           155: A new capability, \fBhl\fP, may be used to print a job's banner after
        !           156: the contents of the job.
        !           157: Error logging is now done with \fIsyslog\fP\|(3).
        !           158: Hosts permitting remote access may now be
        !           159: specified in the file \fI/etc/hosts.lpd\fP (in addition to
        !           160: \fI/etc/hosts.equiv\fP).  A master lock file is now used so
        !           161: that \fI/dev/printer\fP can be automatically removed.  Symbolic
        !           162: links to spool files are now checked carefully to close a
        !           163: security hole.  All printing parameters are now
        !           164: properly reset for each job.  Remote spooling connections
        !           165: now time out if the server crashes.  Errors in spooling
        !           166: filters are now reported to users via mail.  When servicing
        !           167: a remote job, files are not transferred unless enough disk
        !           168: space is available.
        !           169: .BP mkfs
        !           170: Will print the filesystem information without creating the filesystem.
        !           171: Filesystem optimization may be specified.
        !           172: .BP mkhosts
        !           173: A new program to rebuild the \fI/etc/hosts\fP dbm database.
        !           174: Note that this database is not used with the default name server
        !           175: configuration.
        !           176: .BP mkpasswd
        !           177: A new program to rebuild the \fI/etc/passwd\fP dbm database.
        !           178: .BP mount
        !           179: Better error messages are returned when \fImount\fP fails.
        !           180: When checking \fI/etc/fstab\fP to find the device name of a file system
        !           181: when only the mount point is specified,
        !           182: it also checks the \fItype\fP field to insure that the entry
        !           183: is \fBrw\fP, \fBro\fP, or \fBrq\fP.
        !           184: .BP named
        !           185: Is a new program implementing the Internet domain naming system.
        !           186: It is used to perform hostname and
        !           187: address mapping functions for the standard C library
        !           188: functions, \fIgethostbyname\fP and \fIgethostbyaddr\fP if
        !           189: \fInamed\fP is running.
        !           190: .BP newfs
        !           191: Supports new options to
        !           192: .I mkfs .
        !           193: .BP pac
        !           194: Has a new option, \fB\-m\fP, to cause machine names to be disregarded
        !           195: in merging accounting information.  The per-page cost is now
        !           196: taken from the printer description if it is not specified on the command line
        !           197: with the \fB\-p\fP option.
        !           198: .BP ping
        !           199: Is a new program for sending ICMP echo requests.
        !           200: .BP pstat
        !           201: Can handle kernel crash dumps and new terminal multiplexers.  Core dumps
        !           202: should be less frequent.
        !           203: .BP repquota
        !           204: Only prints entries for users that have files (or blocks) allocated.
        !           205: .BP restore
        !           206: The interactive mode of \fIrestore\fP now understands globbing.
        !           207: Interrupting interactive mode returns to the prompt.
        !           208: A new input path name may be specified on each volume change.
        !           209: The tape block size is calculated dynamically
        !           210: unless it is specified with the \fB\-b\fP flag on the command line.
        !           211: .BP rexecd
        !           212: Now runs under
        !           213: .I inetd .
        !           214: .BP rlogind
        !           215: Propagates window size changes in a backward compatible way.
        !           216: This is negotiated at startup time.
        !           217: .I Inetd
        !           218: now starts up the server.
        !           219: .BP rmt
        !           220: Uses large network buffers for better performance.
        !           221: .BP route
        !           222: Will handle subnets.
        !           223: Flags were added to specify whether a name is a host or a network.
        !           224: Multiple addresses are tried until an operation is successful
        !           225: or there are
        !           226: no more addresses to try.
        !           227: .BP routed
        !           228: Is more strict about received packets' formats and values.
        !           229: Subnet routing is handled.
        !           230: Point to point links are handled.
        !           231: Gateways to external networks advertise a default route instead of all networks.
        !           232: The loopback network number is no longer compiled in.
        !           233: When a process is terminated,
        !           234: it tells its peers that its routes are no longer valid.
        !           235: .BP rshd
        !           236: Is started by
        !           237: .I inetd .
        !           238: The address is passed through if the host name for the address
        !           239: cannot be determined.
        !           240: .BP rwhod
        !           241: Should be less expensive to run.
        !           242: Broadcasts are done less frequently and path lookups are shorter.
        !           243: Large systems are handled better.
        !           244: .BP rxformat
        !           245: Will now operate if the standard input is not a terminal.
        !           246: .BP sa
        !           247: Supports alternate accounting files.  The units of CPU time have changed.
        !           248: .BP savecore
        !           249: Works correctly when given an alternate system name.
        !           250: Dump partitions smaller than the memory size are handled more gracefully.
        !           251: .BP sendmail
        !           252: Several bugs have been fixed.
        !           253: Upper case letters are allowed in file names
        !           254: and program arguments in the alias file.
        !           255: Multiple recipients sharing a receive program
        !           256: are not collapsed into one delivery.
        !           257: List owners on queued jobs have been fixed.
        !           258: Commas in quoted aliases work.
        !           259: Dollar signs in headers are no longer interpreted as macro expansions.
        !           260: Underscores are allowed in login names.
        !           261: .IP
        !           262: Substantial performance enhancements have been made
        !           263: for large queues.
        !           264: If the
        !           265: .B Y
        !           266: option is not set,
        !           267: all jobs in the queue will be run in one process,
        !           268: with host statuses cached;
        !           269: this uses more memory but generally improves performance.
        !           270: The job priority now includes creation time
        !           271: and number of recipients
        !           272: (the
        !           273: .B y
        !           274: option)
        !           275: as well as the message size
        !           276: (the
        !           277: .B q
        !           278: option)
        !           279: and the job precedence
        !           280: (the
        !           281: .B z
        !           282: option);
        !           283: this priority is modified by the
        !           284: .B Z
        !           285: option whenever it fails to complete.
        !           286: No attempt is made to run large jobs
        !           287: if the load average is too high.
        !           288: .IP
        !           289: The
        !           290: .B $[
        !           291: \&...
        !           292: .B $]
        !           293: syntax can be used on the RHS of a rewriting rule
        !           294: to canonicalize a host name using \fIgethostbyname\fP.
        !           295: This is especially useful when running the version
        !           296: of \fIgethostbyname\fP that calls the name server.
        !           297: .IP
        !           298: Error reporting has been improved.
        !           299: Some limits have been increased.
        !           300: Security holes have been plugged.
        !           301: .I Syslogd
        !           302: and
        !           303: .I vacation
        !           304: are now part of the standard system.
        !           305: .IP
        !           306: Minor changes have been made to the configuration file.
        !           307: The RHS of aliases are no longer checked while the alias file is rebuilt
        !           308: unless the
        !           309: .B n
        !           310: option is set
        !           311: to improve performance. 
        !           312: The character substituted for blanks in addresses
        !           313: is settable by the
        !           314: .B B
        !           315: option.
        !           316: The default network name
        !           317: (formerly hardwired ``ARPA'')
        !           318: is settable with the
        !           319: .B N
        !           320: option.
        !           321: The
        !           322: .B E
        !           323: mailer option escapes ``From'' lines with a `>' on delivery
        !           324: (formerly the default to the local mailer).
        !           325: .BP shutdown
        !           326: Has flags to specify that it should not sync the disks and that
        !           327: it should skip the disk checks after rebooting.
        !           328: .BP swapon
        !           329: Error messages have been cleaned up and now specify the device to which
        !           330: they correspond.
        !           331: .BP syslogd
        !           332: Formerly
        !           333: .I syslog ,
        !           334: allows the classification of messages based on
        !           335: .I facilities .
        !           336: The configuration file has been restructured.
        !           337: .BP talkd
        !           338: Now runs under
        !           339: .I inetd .
        !           340: New version, new protocol.
        !           341: .BP telnetd
        !           342: Handles pty allocation better.
        !           343: .I Inetd
        !           344: now starts the server.
        !           345: Interpretation of carriage return-newline
        !           346: now conforms with the standard, but is compatible with the 4.2BSD \fItelnet\fP
        !           347: client.
        !           348: .BP tftpd
        !           349: Now works with other clients and is started by
        !           350: .I inetd .
        !           351: .BP timed
        !           352: A new program for maintaining time synchronization between machines
        !           353: on a local network.
        !           354: .BP trpt
        !           355: The \fItrpt\fP program to examine TCP traces
        !           356: now prints the traces in the correct order.
        !           357: It has been extended to follow traces as a connection runs.
        !           358: .BP tunefs
        !           359: Supports the new filesystem optimization preferences.
        !           360: .BP uucpd
        !           361: A new server, invoked by \fIinetd\fP, for running
        !           362: uucp over network connections.
        !           363: .BP vipw
        !           364: Builds the new hashed lookup table.
        !           365: .I /etc/passwd
        !           366: will not be left unreadable if root has a restrictive umask.
        !           367: .BP XNSrouted
        !           368: A new daemon, similar to \fIrouted\fP, that implements the
        !           369: Xerox NS routing protocol.

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