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1.1 root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1986 The Regents of the University of California.
2: .\" All rights reserved.
3: .\"
4: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted
5: .\" provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
6: .\" duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation,
7: .\" advertising materials, and other materials related to such
8: .\" distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed
9: .\" by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the
10: .\" University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived
11: .\" from this software without specific prior written permission.
12: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
13: .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
14: .\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
15: .\"
16: .\" @(#)0.t 6.3 (Berkeley) 3/7/89
17: .\"
18: .EQ
19: delim $$
20: .EN
21: .if n .ND
22: .TL
23: A Fast File System for UNIX*
24: .EH 'SMM:14-%''A Fast File System for \s-2UNIX\s+2'
25: .OH 'A Fast File System for \s-2UNIX\s+2''SMM:14-%'
26: .AU
27: Marshall Kirk McKusick, William N. Joy\(dg,
28: Samuel J. Leffler\(dd, Robert S. Fabry
29: .AI
30: Computer Systems Research Group
31: Computer Science Division
32: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
33: University of California, Berkeley
34: Berkeley, CA 94720
35: .AB
36: .FS
37: * UNIX is a trademark of Bell Laboratories.
38: .FE
39: .FS
40: \(dg William N. Joy is currently employed by:
41: Sun Microsystems, Inc, 2550 Garcia Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043
42: .FE
43: .FS
44: \(dd Samuel J. Leffler is currently employed by:
45: Lucasfilm Ltd., PO Box 2009, San Rafael, CA 94912
46: .FE
47: .FS
48: This work was done under grants from
49: the National Science Foundation under grant MCS80-05144,
50: and the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DoD) under
51: ARPA Order No. 4031 monitored by Naval Electronic System Command under
52: Contract No. N00039-82-C-0235.
53: .FE
54: A reimplementation of the UNIX file system is described.
55: The reimplementation provides substantially higher throughput
56: rates by using more flexible allocation policies
57: that allow better locality of reference and can
58: be adapted to a wide range of peripheral and processor characteristics.
59: The new file system clusters data that is sequentially accessed
60: and provides two block sizes to allow fast access to large files
61: while not wasting large amounts of space for small files.
62: File access rates of up to ten times faster than the traditional
63: UNIX file system are experienced.
64: Long needed enhancements to the programmers'
65: interface are discussed.
66: These include a mechanism to place advisory locks on files,
67: extensions of the name space across file systems,
68: the ability to use long file names,
69: and provisions for administrative control of resource usage.
70: .sp
71: .LP
72: Revised February 18, 1984
73: .AE
74: .LP
75: .sp 2
76: CR Categories and Subject Descriptors:
77: D.4.3
78: .B "[Operating Systems]":
79: File Systems Management \-
80: .I "file organization, directory structures, access methods";
81: D.4.2
82: .B "[Operating Systems]":
83: Storage Management \-
84: .I "allocation/deallocation strategies, secondary storage devices";
85: D.4.8
86: .B "[Operating Systems]":
87: Performance \-
88: .I "measurements, operational analysis";
89: H.3.2
90: .B "[Information Systems]":
91: Information Storage \-
92: .I "file organization"
93: .sp
94: Additional Keywords and Phrases:
95: UNIX,
96: file system organization,
97: file system performance,
98: file system design,
99: application program interface.
100: .sp
101: General Terms:
102: file system,
103: measurement,
104: performance.
105: .bp
106: .ce
107: .B "TABLE OF CONTENTS"
108: .LP
109: .sp 1
110: .nf
111: .B "1. Introduction"
112: .LP
113: .sp .5v
114: .nf
115: .B "2. Old file system
116: .LP
117: .sp .5v
118: .nf
119: .B "3. New file system organization
120: 3.1. Optimizing storage utilization
121: 3.2. File system parameterization
122: 3.3. Layout policies
123: .LP
124: .sp .5v
125: .nf
126: .B "4. Performance
127: .LP
128: .sp .5v
129: .nf
130: .B "5. File system functional enhancements
131: 5.1. Long file names
132: 5.2. File locking
133: 5.3. Symbolic links
134: 5.4. Rename
135: 5.5. Quotas
136: .LP
137: .sp .5v
138: .nf
139: .B References
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