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Annotation of 43BSDReno/share/doc/ucs/sumacc/ld68.1, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .TH LD68 1
        !             2: .SU
        !             3: .SH NAME
        !             4: ld68 \- .b -> b.out linker for the MC68000
        !             5: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             6: .B ld68
        !             7: [ option ] ... file ...
        !             8: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !             9: .I Ld68
        !            10: combines several
        !            11: object programs into one, resolves external
        !            12: references, and searches libraries.
        !            13: In the simplest case several object
        !            14: .I files
        !            15: are given, and
        !            16: .I ld68
        !            17: combines them, producing
        !            18: an object module which can be either executed or
        !            19: become the input for a further
        !            20: .I ld68
        !            21: run.
        !            22: (In the latter case, the
        !            23: .B \-r
        !            24: option must be given
        !            25: to preserve the relocation bits.)\ 
        !            26: The output of
        !            27: .I ld68
        !            28: is left on
        !            29: .BR b.out .
        !            30: This file is made executable
        !            31: only if no errors occurred during the load.
        !            32: .PP
        !            33: The argument routines are concatenated in the order
        !            34: specified.
        !            35: .PP
        !            36: The entry point of the output is determined by the first applicable item of the
        !            37: following list: the \fB\-e\fP option if given, the value of the symbol _start
        !            38: if defined, or the text origin (first instruction).
        !            39: .PP
        !            40: If any argument is a library, it is searched exactly once
        !            41: at the point it is encountered in the argument list.
        !            42: Only those routines defining an unresolved external
        !            43: reference are loaded.
        !            44: If a routine from a library
        !            45: references another routine in the library,
        !            46: the referenced routine must appear after the
        !            47: referencing routine in the library.
        !            48: Thus the order of programs within libraries
        !            49: may be important.
        !            50: .PP
        !            51: The symbols `\_etext', `\_edata' and `\_end'
        !            52: (`etext', `edata' and `end' in C)
        !            53: are reserved, and if referred to,
        !            54: are set to the first location above the program,
        !            55: the first location above initialized data,
        !            56: and the first location above all data respectively.
        !            57: It is erroneous to define these symbols.
        !            58: .PP
        !            59: .I Ld68
        !            60: understands several options.
        !            61: Except for
        !            62: .BR \-l ,
        !            63: they should appear before the file names.
        !            64: .TP
        !            65: .B \-D
        !            66: Take the next argument as a decimal number and pad the data segment
        !            67: with zero bytes to the indicated length.
        !            68: .TP 
        !            69: .B  \-d
        !            70: Force definition of common storage
        !            71: even if the
        !            72: .B \-r
        !            73: flag is present.
        !            74: .TP
        !            75: .B \-e
        !            76: The following argument is taken to be the
        !            77: name of the entry point of the loaded
        !            78: program; location 0x1000 is the default.
        !            79: .TP
        !            80: .B \-f
        !            81: Fold case on identifiers.
        !            82: That is, upper and lower case letters are not distinguished.
        !            83: Used to link with Pascal routines, for example.
        !            84: .TP 
        !            85: .BI \-l x
        !            86: This
        !            87: option is an abbreviation for the library name
        !            88: .RI `/usr/sun/lib/lib x .a',
        !            89: where
        !            90: .I x
        !            91: is a string.
        !            92: A library is searched when its name is encountered,
        !            93: so the placement of a
        !            94: .B  \-l
        !            95: is significant.
        !            96: .TP
        !            97: .BI  \-v x
        !            98: This denotes board version
        !            99: .I x
        !           100: which may at present only be 'm' for Motorola Design Module.  The default board
        !           101: version is the Sun1 prototype, v1.
        !           102: .TP
        !           103: .B  \-M
        !           104: Create a human-readable list of symbols in ``sym.out''.
        !           105: .TP
        !           106: .B  \-n
        !           107: Arrange (by giving the output file a 0410 "magic number") that
        !           108: when the output file is executed,
        !           109: the text portion will be read-only and shared
        !           110: among all users executing the file.
        !           111: This involves moving the data areas up to the first
        !           112: possible 64K byte boundary following the
        !           113: end of the text 
        !           114: (not really useful yet).
        !           115: .TP 
        !           116: .B  \-o
        !           117: The
        !           118: .I name
        !           119: argument after
        !           120: .B \-o
        !           121: is used as the name of the
        !           122: .I ld68
        !           123: output file, instead of
        !           124: .BR b.out .
        !           125: .TP 
        !           126: .B \-q
        !           127: Quicksort symbols in 
        !           128: .BR b.out 
        !           129: in ascending numerical order.
        !           130: .TP
        !           131: .B  \-r
        !           132: Generate relocation bits in the output file
        !           133: so that it can be the subject of another
        !           134: .I ld68
        !           135: run.
        !           136: This flag also prevents final definitions from being
        !           137: given to common symbols,
        !           138: and suppresses the `undefined symbol' diagnostics.
        !           139: .TP
        !           140: .B \-S
        !           141: `Strip' the output by removing all symbols except locals and globals.
        !           142: .TP 
        !           143: .B  \-s
        !           144: `Strip' the output, that is, remove the symbol table
        !           145: and relocation bits to save space (but impair the
        !           146: usefulness of the debuggers).
        !           147: This information can also be removed by
        !           148: .IR  strip (1).
        !           149: .TP
        !           150: .B \-T
        !           151: The next argument is a hexadecimal number which sets the text segment origin.
        !           152: The default origin is 0x1000.
        !           153: If you intend to use the output as input to another run of
        !           154: ld68, you must specify -T 0.
        !           155: .TP
        !           156: .B \-B
        !           157: The next argument is a hexadecimal number which sets the common/bss segment
        !           158: origin.  The default origin is immediately after the data segment.
        !           159: .TP 
        !           160: .B  \-u
        !           161: Take the following argument as a symbol and enter
        !           162: it as undefined in the symbol table.  This is useful
        !           163: for loading wholly from a library, since initially the symbol
        !           164: table is empty and an unresolved reference is needed
        !           165: to force the loading of the first routine.
        !           166: .TP 
        !           167: .B  \-X
        !           168: Save local symbols
        !           169: except for those whose names begin with `L'.
        !           170: This option is used by
        !           171: .IR cc (1)
        !           172: to discard internally-generated labels while
        !           173: retaining symbols local to routines.
        !           174: .TP 
        !           175: .B  \-x
        !           176: Do not preserve local
        !           177: (non-.globl) symbols in the output symbol table; only enter
        !           178: external symbols.
        !           179: This option saves some space in the output file.
        !           180: .SH FILES
        !           181: .ta \w'/usr/local/lib/lib*.a\ \ 'u
        !           182: /usr/sun/lib/lib*.a    libraries
        !           183: .br
        !           184: b.out  output file
        !           185: .SH "SEE ALSO"
        !           186: ar(1), cc68(1), a68(1)
        !           187: .SH BUGS
        !           188: The b.out format header does not contain any indication of the
        !           189: text segment origin, so if you specify something other than
        !           190: the default origin -T 1000, you will have to remember this
        !           191: value and specify it again to dl68 when you download. The
        !           192: standard Sun monitor cannot netload files with origins other
        !           193: than 1000, so you must either use dl68 or write a special
        !           194: loader for such programs.

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