![[BACK]](/cvsweb/icons/back.gif){kind=icon}
Return to ld68.1 CVS log ![[TXT]](/cvsweb/icons/text.gif){kind=icon}
![[DIR]](/cvsweb/icons/dir.gif){kind=icon}
Up to [CSRG BSD Unix] / 43BSDReno / share / doc / ucs / sumacc|
Return to ld68.1 CVS log | Up to [CSRG BSD Unix] / 43BSDReno / share / doc / ucs / sumacc |
1.1 root 1: .TH LD68 1
2: .SU
3: .SH NAME
4: ld68 \- .b -> b.out linker for the MC68000
5: .SH SYNOPSIS
6: .B ld68
7: [ option ] ... file ...
8: .SH DESCRIPTION
9: .I Ld68
10: combines several
11: object programs into one, resolves external
12: references, and searches libraries.
13: In the simplest case several object
14: .I files
15: are given, and
16: .I ld68
17: combines them, producing
18: an object module which can be either executed or
19: become the input for a further
20: .I ld68
21: run.
22: (In the latter case, the
23: .B \-r
24: option must be given
25: to preserve the relocation bits.)\
26: The output of
27: .I ld68
28: is left on
29: .BR b.out .
30: This file is made executable
31: only if no errors occurred during the load.
32: .PP
33: The argument routines are concatenated in the order
34: specified.
35: .PP
36: The entry point of the output is determined by the first applicable item of the
37: following list: the \fB\-e\fP option if given, the value of the symbol _start
38: if defined, or the text origin (first instruction).
39: .PP
40: If any argument is a library, it is searched exactly once
41: at the point it is encountered in the argument list.
42: Only those routines defining an unresolved external
43: reference are loaded.
44: If a routine from a library
45: references another routine in the library,
46: the referenced routine must appear after the
47: referencing routine in the library.
48: Thus the order of programs within libraries
49: may be important.
50: .PP
51: The symbols `\_etext', `\_edata' and `\_end'
52: (`etext', `edata' and `end' in C)
53: are reserved, and if referred to,
54: are set to the first location above the program,
55: the first location above initialized data,
56: and the first location above all data respectively.
57: It is erroneous to define these symbols.
58: .PP
59: .I Ld68
60: understands several options.
61: Except for
62: .BR \-l ,
63: they should appear before the file names.
64: .TP
65: .B \-D
66: Take the next argument as a decimal number and pad the data segment
67: with zero bytes to the indicated length.
68: .TP
69: .B \-d
70: Force definition of common storage
71: even if the
72: .B \-r
73: flag is present.
74: .TP
75: .B \-e
76: The following argument is taken to be the
77: name of the entry point of the loaded
78: program; location 0x1000 is the default.
79: .TP
80: .B \-f
81: Fold case on identifiers.
82: That is, upper and lower case letters are not distinguished.
83: Used to link with Pascal routines, for example.
84: .TP
85: .BI \-l x
86: This
87: option is an abbreviation for the library name
88: .RI `/usr/sun/lib/lib x .a',
89: where
90: .I x
91: is a string.
92: A library is searched when its name is encountered,
93: so the placement of a
94: .B \-l
95: is significant.
96: .TP
97: .BI \-v x
98: This denotes board version
99: .I x
100: which may at present only be 'm' for Motorola Design Module. The default board
101: version is the Sun1 prototype, v1.
102: .TP
103: .B \-M
104: Create a human-readable list of symbols in ``sym.out''.
105: .TP
106: .B \-n
107: Arrange (by giving the output file a 0410 "magic number") that
108: when the output file is executed,
109: the text portion will be read-only and shared
110: among all users executing the file.
111: This involves moving the data areas up to the first
112: possible 64K byte boundary following the
113: end of the text
114: (not really useful yet).
115: .TP
116: .B \-o
117: The
118: .I name
119: argument after
120: .B \-o
121: is used as the name of the
122: .I ld68
123: output file, instead of
124: .BR b.out .
125: .TP
126: .B \-q
127: Quicksort symbols in
128: .BR b.out
129: in ascending numerical order.
130: .TP
131: .B \-r
132: Generate relocation bits in the output file
133: so that it can be the subject of another
134: .I ld68
135: run.
136: This flag also prevents final definitions from being
137: given to common symbols,
138: and suppresses the `undefined symbol' diagnostics.
139: .TP
140: .B \-S
141: `Strip' the output by removing all symbols except locals and globals.
142: .TP
143: .B \-s
144: `Strip' the output, that is, remove the symbol table
145: and relocation bits to save space (but impair the
146: usefulness of the debuggers).
147: This information can also be removed by
148: .IR strip (1).
149: .TP
150: .B \-T
151: The next argument is a hexadecimal number which sets the text segment origin.
152: The default origin is 0x1000.
153: If you intend to use the output as input to another run of
154: ld68, you must specify -T 0.
155: .TP
156: .B \-B
157: The next argument is a hexadecimal number which sets the common/bss segment
158: origin. The default origin is immediately after the data segment.
159: .TP
160: .B \-u
161: Take the following argument as a symbol and enter
162: it as undefined in the symbol table. This is useful
163: for loading wholly from a library, since initially the symbol
164: table is empty and an unresolved reference is needed
165: to force the loading of the first routine.
166: .TP
167: .B \-X
168: Save local symbols
169: except for those whose names begin with `L'.
170: This option is used by
171: .IR cc (1)
172: to discard internally-generated labels while
173: retaining symbols local to routines.
174: .TP
175: .B \-x
176: Do not preserve local
177: (non-.globl) symbols in the output symbol table; only enter
178: external symbols.
179: This option saves some space in the output file.
180: .SH FILES
181: .ta \w'/usr/local/lib/lib*.a\ \ 'u
182: /usr/sun/lib/lib*.a libraries
183: .br
184: b.out output file
185: .SH "SEE ALSO"
186: ar(1), cc68(1), a68(1)
187: .SH BUGS
188: The b.out format header does not contain any indication of the
189: text segment origin, so if you specify something other than
190: the default origin -T 1000, you will have to remember this
191: value and specify it again to dl68 when you download. The
192: standard Sun monitor cannot netload files with origins other
193: than 1000, so you must either use dl68 or write a special
194: loader for such programs.
This archive runs on limited infrastructure. Preserving old code on modern bandwidth. Automated agents are requested to crawl responsibly.