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1.1     ! root        1: .\"    @(#)p1  6.1 (Berkeley) 5/23/86
        !             2: .\"
        !             3: .NH
        !             4: Introduction.
        !             5: .PP
        !             6: .I Learn
        !             7: is a driver for CAI scripts.  It is intended to permit the easy composition
        !             8: of lessons and lesson fragments to teach people computer skills.  Since it 
        !             9: is teaching the same system on which it is implemented, it makes direct use of 
        !            10: .UX
        !            11: facilities to create a controlled
        !            12: .UX
        !            13: environment.  The system includes two main parts: (1) a driver that interprets
        !            14: the lesson scripts; and (2) the lesson scripts themselves. At present there are
        !            15: seven scripts:
        !            16: .RS
        !            17: .IP \(em
        !            18: basic file handling commands
        !            19: .IP \(em
        !            20: the 
        !            21: .UX
        !            22: text editors
        !            23: .I ed
        !            24: and
        !            25: .I vi
        !            26: .IP \(em
        !            27: advanced file handling
        !            28: .IP \(em
        !            29: the
        !            30: .I eqn
        !            31: language for typing mathematics
        !            32: .IP \(em
        !            33: the ``ms'' macro package for document formatting
        !            34: .IP \(em
        !            35: the C programming language
        !            36: .RE
        !            37: .PP
        !            38: The purported advantages of CAI scripts for training in computer skills include
        !            39: the following:
        !            40: .RS
        !            41: .IP (a)
        !            42: students are forced to perform the exercises that are in fact the basis of
        !            43: training in any case;
        !            44: .IP (b)
        !            45: students receive immediate feedback and confirmation of progress;
        !            46: .IP (c)
        !            47: students may progress at their own rate;
        !            48: .IP (d)
        !            49: no schedule requirements are imposed; students may study at any time convenient
        !            50: for them;
        !            51: .IP (e)
        !            52: the lessons may be improved individually and the improvements are immediately 
        !            53: available to new users;
        !            54: .IP (f)
        !            55: since the student has access to a computer for the CAI script there is a place 
        !            56: to do exercises;
        !            57: .IP (g)
        !            58: the use of high technology will improve student motivation and the interest of their
        !            59: management.
        !            60: .RE
        !            61: .PP
        !            62: Opposed to this, of course, is the absence of anyone to whom the student may
        !            63: direct questions.  If CAI is used without a ``counselor'' or other assistance,
        !            64: it should properly be compared to a textbook, lecture series, or taped course,
        !            65: rather than to a seminar.  CAI has been used for many years in a variety of
        !            66: educational areas.
        !            67: .[
        !            68: bitzer plato 1970
        !            69: .]
        !            70: .[
        !            71: gray coala 1977
        !            72: .]
        !            73: .[
        !            74: suppes individualize 1967
        !            75: .]
        !            76: The use of a computer to teach computer use itself, however, offers unique advantages.
        !            77: The skills developed to get through the script are exactly those needed to use
        !            78: the computer; there is no waste effort.
        !            79: .PP
        !            80: The scripts written so far are based on some familiar assumptions about education;
        !            81: these assumptions are outlined in the next section.  The remaining sections 
        !            82: describe the operation of the script driver and the particular scripts now available.
        !            83: The driver puts few restrictions on the script writer, but the current scripts are
        !            84: of a rather rigid and stereotyped form in accordance with the theory in the next
        !            85: section and practical limitations.

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