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Annotation of 43BSDReno/share/doc/usd/07.Mail/mail5.nr, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
        !             3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
        !             4: .\"
        !             5: .\"    @(#)mail5.nr    6.2 (Berkeley) 10/8/88
        !             6: .\"
        !             7: .bp
        !             8: .sh 1 "Additional features"
        !             9: .pp
        !            10: This section describes some additional commands useful for
        !            11: reading your mail, setting options, and handling lists of messages.
        !            12: .sh 2 "Message lists"
        !            13: .pp
        !            14: Several
        !            15: .i Mail
        !            16: commands accept a list of messages as an argument.
        !            17: Along with
        !            18: .b type
        !            19: and
        !            20: .b delete ,
        !            21: described in section 2,
        !            22: there is the
        !            23: .b from
        !            24: command, which prints the message headers associated with the
        !            25: message list passed to it.
        !            26: The
        !            27: .b from
        !            28: command is particularly useful in conjunction with some of the
        !            29: message list features described below.
        !            30: .pp
        !            31: A
        !            32: .i "message list"
        !            33: consists of a list of message numbers, ranges, and names,
        !            34: separated by spaces or tabs.  Message numbers may be either
        !            35: decimal numbers, which directly specify messages, or one of the
        !            36: special characters
        !            37: .q \(ua
        !            38: .q "."
        !            39: or
        !            40: .q "$"
        !            41: to specify the first relevant, current, or last
        !            42: relevant message, respectively.
        !            43: .i Relevant
        !            44: here means, for most commands
        !            45: .q "not deleted"
        !            46: and
        !            47: .q "deleted"
        !            48: for the
        !            49: .b undelete
        !            50: command.
        !            51: .pp
        !            52: A range of messages consists of two message numbers (of the form
        !            53: described in the previous paragraph) separated by a dash.
        !            54: Thus, to print the first four messages, use
        !            55: .(l
        !            56: type 1\-4
        !            57: .)l
        !            58: and to print all the messages from the current message to the last
        !            59: message, use
        !            60: .(l
        !            61: type .\-$
        !            62: .)l
        !            63: .pp
        !            64: A
        !            65: .i name
        !            66: is a user name.  The user names given in the message list are
        !            67: collected together and each message selected by other means
        !            68: is checked to make sure it was sent by one of the named users.
        !            69: If the message consists entirely of user names, then every
        !            70: message sent by one of those users that is
        !            71: .i relevant
        !            72: (in the sense described earlier)
        !            73: is selected.  Thus, to print every message sent to you by
        !            74: .q root,
        !            75: do
        !            76: .(l
        !            77: type root
        !            78: .)l
        !            79: .pp
        !            80: As a shorthand notation, you can specify simply
        !            81: .q *
        !            82: to get every
        !            83: .i relevant
        !            84: (same sense)
        !            85: message.  Thus,
        !            86: .(l
        !            87: type *
        !            88: .)l
        !            89: prints all undeleted messages,
        !            90: .(l
        !            91: delete *
        !            92: .)l
        !            93: deletes all undeleted messages, and
        !            94: .(l
        !            95: undelete *
        !            96: .)l
        !            97: undeletes all deleted messages.
        !            98: .pp
        !            99: You can search for the presence of a word in subject lines with
        !           100: .b / .
        !           101: For example, to print the headers of all messages that contain the
        !           102: word
        !           103: .q PASCAL,
        !           104: do:
        !           105: .(l
        !           106: from /pascal
        !           107: .)l
        !           108: Note that subject searching ignores upper/lower case differences.
        !           109: .sh 2 "List of commands"
        !           110: .pp
        !           111: This section describes all the
        !           112: .i Mail
        !           113: commands available when
        !           114: receiving mail.
        !           115: .ip "\fB\-\fP\ \ "
        !           116: The
        !           117: .rb \-
        !           118: command goes to the previous message and prints it.  The
        !           119: .rb \-
        !           120: command may be given a decimal number
        !           121: .i n
        !           122: as an argument, in which case the
        !           123: .i n th
        !           124: previous message is gone to and printed.
        !           125: .ip "\fB?\fP\ \ "
        !           126: Prints a brief summary of commands.
        !           127: .ip "\fB!\fP\ \ "
        !           128: Used to preface a command to be executed by the shell.
        !           129: .ip "\fBPrint\fP\ \ "
        !           130: Like
        !           131: .b print ,
        !           132: but also print out ignored header fields.  See also
        !           133: \fBprint\fP, \fBignore\fP and \fBretain\fP.
        !           134: \fBPrint\fP can be abbreviated to \fBP\fP.
        !           135: .ip "\fBReply\fP or \fBRespond\fP\ \ "
        !           136: Note the capital \fBR\fP in the name.
        !           137: Frame a reply to a one or more messages.
        !           138: The reply (or replies if you are using this on multiple messages)
        !           139: will be sent ONLY to the person who sent you the message
        !           140: (respectively, the set of people who sent the messages you are
        !           141: replying to).
        !           142: You can
        !           143: add people using the \fB~t\fP, \fB~c\fP and \fB~b\fP
        !           144: tilde escapes.  The subject in your reply is formed by prefacing the
        !           145: subject in the original message with
        !           146: .q "Re:"
        !           147: unless it already began thus.
        !           148: If the original message included a
        !           149: .q "reply-to"
        !           150: header field, the reply will go
        !           151: .i only
        !           152: to the recipient named by
        !           153: .q "reply-to."
        !           154: You type in your message using the same conventions available to you
        !           155: through the
        !           156: .b mail
        !           157: command.
        !           158: The
        !           159: .b Reply
        !           160: command is especially useful for replying to messages that were sent
        !           161: to enormous distribution groups when you really just want to
        !           162: send a message to the originator.  Use it often.
        !           163: \fBReply\fP (and \fBRespond\fP) can be abbreviated to \fBR\fP.
        !           164: .ip "\fBType\fP\ \ "
        !           165: Identical to the
        !           166: .b Print
        !           167: command.
        !           168: \fBType\fP can be abbreviated to \fBT\fP.
        !           169: .ip "\fBalias\fP\ \ "
        !           170: Define a name to stand for a set of other names.
        !           171: This is used when you want to send messages to a certain
        !           172: group of people and want to avoid retyping their names.
        !           173: For example
        !           174: .(l
        !           175: alias project john sue willie kathryn
        !           176: .)l
        !           177: creates an alias
        !           178: .i project
        !           179: which expands to the four people John, Sue, Willie, and Kathryn.
        !           180: If no arguments are given, all currently-defined aliases are printed.
        !           181: If one argument is given, that alias is printed (if it exists).
        !           182: \fBAlias\fP can be abbreviated to \fBa\fP.
        !           183: .ip "\fBalternates\fP\ \ "
        !           184: If you have accounts on several machines, you may find it convenient
        !           185: to use the /usr/lib/aliases on all the machines except one to direct
        !           186: your mail to a single account.
        !           187: The
        !           188: .b alternates
        !           189: command is used to inform
        !           190: .i Mail
        !           191: that each of these other addresses is really
        !           192: .i you .
        !           193: .i Alternates
        !           194: takes a list of user names and remembers that they are all actually you.
        !           195: When you
        !           196: .b reply
        !           197: to messages that were sent to one of these alternate names,
        !           198: .i Mail
        !           199: will not bother to send a copy of the message to this other address (which
        !           200: would simply be directed back to you by the alias mechanism).
        !           201: If
        !           202: .i alternates
        !           203: is given no argument, it lists the current set of alternate names.
        !           204: .b Alternates
        !           205: is usually used in the .mailrc file.
        !           206: \fBAlternates\fP can be abbreviated to \fBalt\fP.
        !           207: .ip "\fBchdir\fP\ \ "
        !           208: The
        !           209: .b chdir
        !           210: command allows you to change your current directory.
        !           211: .b Chdir
        !           212: takes a single argument, which is taken to be the pathname of
        !           213: the directory to change to.  If no argument is given,
        !           214: .b chdir
        !           215: changes to your home directory.
        !           216: \fBChdir\fP can be abbreviated to \fBc\fP.
        !           217: .ip "\fBcopy\fP\ \ "
        !           218: The
        !           219: .b copy
        !           220: command does the same thing that
        !           221: .b save
        !           222: does, except that it does not mark the messages it is used on
        !           223: for deletion when you quit.
        !           224: \fBCopy\fP can be abbreviated to \fBco\fP.
        !           225: .ip "\fBdelete\fP\ \ "
        !           226: Deletes a list of messages.  Deleted messages can be reclaimed
        !           227: with the
        !           228: .b undelete
        !           229: command.
        !           230: \fBDelete\fP can be abbreviated to \fBd\fP.
        !           231: .ip "\fBdp\fP or \fBdt\fP\ \ "
        !           232: These
        !           233: commands delete the current message and print the next message.
        !           234: They are useful for quickly reading and disposing of mail.
        !           235: If there is no next message, \fImail\fP says ``at EOF.''
        !           236: .ip "\fBedit\fP\ \ "
        !           237: To edit individual messages using the text editor, the
        !           238: .b edit
        !           239: command is provided.  The
        !           240: .b edit
        !           241: command takes a list of messages as described under the
        !           242: .b type
        !           243: command and processes each by writing it into the file
        !           244: Message\c
        !           245: .i x
        !           246: where
        !           247: .i x
        !           248: is the message number being edited and executing the text editor on it.
        !           249: When you have edited the message to your satisfaction, write the message
        !           250: out and quit, upon which
        !           251: .i Mail
        !           252: will read the message back and remove the file.
        !           253: .b Edit
        !           254: can be abbreviated to
        !           255: .b e .
        !           256: .ip "\fBelse\fP\ \ "
        !           257: Marks the end of the then-part of an
        !           258: .b if
        !           259: statement and the beginning of the
        !           260: part to take effect if the condition of the
        !           261: .b if
        !           262: statement is false.
        !           263: .ip "\fBendif\fP\ \ "
        !           264: Marks the end of an
        !           265: .b if
        !           266: statement.
        !           267: .ip "\fBexit\fP or \fBxit\fP\ \ "
        !           268: Leave
        !           269: .i Mail
        !           270: without updating the system mailbox or the file your were reading.
        !           271: Thus, if you accidentally delete several messages, you can use
        !           272: .b exit
        !           273: to avoid scrambling your mailbox.
        !           274: \fBExit\fP can be abbreviated to \fBex\fP or \fBx\fP.
        !           275: .ip "\fBfile\fP\ \ "
        !           276: The same as
        !           277: .b folder .
        !           278: \fBFile\fP can be abbreviated to \fBfi\fP.
        !           279: .ip "\fBfolders\fP\ \ "
        !           280: List the names of the folders in your folder directory.
        !           281: .ip "\fBfolder\fP\ \ "
        !           282: The
        !           283: .b folder
        !           284: command switches to a new mail file or folder.  With no arguments, it
        !           285: tells you which file you are currently reading.  If you give
        !           286: it an argument, it will write out changes (such as deletions)
        !           287: you have made in the current file and read the new file.
        !           288: Some special conventions are recognized for the name:
        !           289: .(b
        !           290: .TS
        !           291: center;
        !           292: c c
        !           293: l a.
        !           294: Name   Meaning
        !           295: _
        !           296: #      Previous file read
        !           297: %      Your system mailbox
        !           298: %name  \fIName\fP's system mailbox
        !           299: &      Your ~/mbox file
        !           300: +folder        A file in your folder directory
        !           301: .TE
        !           302: .)b
        !           303: \fBFolder\fP can be abbreviated to \fBfo\fP.
        !           304: .ip "\fBfrom\fP\ \ "
        !           305: The
        !           306: .b from
        !           307: command takes a list of messages and prints out the header lines for each one;
        !           308: hence
        !           309: .(l
        !           310: from joe
        !           311: .)l
        !           312: is the easy way to display all the message headers from \*(lqjoe.\*(rq
        !           313: \fBFrom\fP can be abbreviated to \fBf\fP.
        !           314: .ip "\fBheaders\fP\ \ "
        !           315: When you start up
        !           316: .i Mail
        !           317: to read your mail, it lists the message headers that you have.
        !           318: These headers tell you who each message is from, when they were
        !           319: received, how many lines and characters each message is, and the
        !           320: .q "Subject:"
        !           321: header field of each message, if present.  In addition,
        !           322: .i Mail
        !           323: tags the message header of each message that has been the object
        !           324: of the
        !           325: .b preserve
        !           326: command with a
        !           327: .q P.
        !           328: Messages that have been
        !           329: .b saved
        !           330: or
        !           331: .b written
        !           332: are flagged with a
        !           333: .q *.
        !           334: Finally,
        !           335: .b deleted
        !           336: messages are not printed at all.  If you wish to reprint the current
        !           337: list of message headers, you can do so with the
        !           338: .b headers
        !           339: command.  The
        !           340: .b headers
        !           341: command (and thus the initial header listing)
        !           342: only lists the first so many message headers.
        !           343: The number of headers listed depends on the speed of your
        !           344: terminal.
        !           345: This can be overridden by specifying the number of headers you
        !           346: want with the
        !           347: .i window
        !           348: option.
        !           349: .i Mail
        !           350: maintains a notion of the current
        !           351: .q window
        !           352: into your messages for the purposes of printing headers.
        !           353: Use the
        !           354: .b z
        !           355: command to move forward and back a window.
        !           356: You can move
        !           357: .i Mail's
        !           358: notion of the current window directly to a particular message by
        !           359: using, for example,
        !           360: .(l
        !           361: headers 40
        !           362: .)l
        !           363: to move
        !           364: .i Mail's
        !           365: attention to the messages around message 40.
        !           366: If a ``+'' argument is given, then the next screenful of message headers is
        !           367: printed, and if a ``\-'' argument is given, the previous screenful of message
        !           368: headers is printed.
        !           369: \fBHeaders\fP can be abbreviated to \fBh\fP.
        !           370: .ip "\fBhelp\fP\ \ "
        !           371: Print a brief and usually out of date help message about the commands
        !           372: in
        !           373: .i Mail .
        !           374: The 
        !           375: .i man
        !           376: page for 
        !           377: .i mail
        !           378: is usually more up-to-date than either the help message or this manual.
        !           379: It is also a synonym for \fB?\fP.
        !           380: .ip "\fBhold\fP\ \ "
        !           381: Arrange to hold a list of messages in the system mailbox, instead
        !           382: of moving them to the file
        !           383: .i mbox
        !           384: in your home directory.  If you set the binary option
        !           385: .i hold ,
        !           386: this will happen by default.
        !           387: It does not override the \fBdelete\fP command.
        !           388: \fBHold\fP can be abbreviated to \fBho\fP.
        !           389: .ip "\fBif\fP\ \ "
        !           390: Commands in your
        !           391: .q .mailrc
        !           392: file can be executed conditionally depending on whether you are
        !           393: sending or receiving mail with the
        !           394: .b if
        !           395: command.  For example, you can do:
        !           396: .(l
        !           397: if receive
        !           398:        \fIcommands\fP...
        !           399: endif
        !           400: .)l
        !           401: An
        !           402: .b else
        !           403: form is also available:
        !           404: .(l
        !           405: if send
        !           406:        \fIcommands\fP...
        !           407: else
        !           408:        \fIcommands\fP...
        !           409: endif
        !           410: .)l
        !           411: Note that the only allowed conditions are
        !           412: .b receive
        !           413: and
        !           414: .b send .
        !           415: .ip "\fBignore\fP \ \ "
        !           416: .b N.B.:
        !           417: .i Ignore
        !           418: has been superseded by
        !           419: .i retain.
        !           420: .br
        !           421: Add the list of header fields named to the
        !           422: .i "ignore list" .
        !           423: Header fields in the ignore list are not printed on your
        !           424: terminal when you print a message.  This allows you to suppress
        !           425: printing of certain machine-generated header fields, such as
        !           426: .i Via
        !           427: which are not usually of interest.  The
        !           428: .b Type
        !           429: and
        !           430: .b Print
        !           431: commands can be used to print a message in its entirety, including
        !           432: ignored fields.
        !           433: If
        !           434: .b ignore
        !           435: is executed with no arguments, it lists the current set of ignored fields.
        !           436: .ip "\fBlist\fP\ \ "
        !           437: List the valid
        !           438: .i Mail
        !           439: commands.
        !           440: \fBList\fP can be abbreviated to \fBl\fP.
        !           441: .. .ip \fBlocal\fP
        !           442: .. Define a list of local names for this host. This command is useful
        !           443: .. when the host is known by more than one name. Names in the list
        !           444: .. may be qualified be the domain of the host. The first name on the local
        !           445: .. list is the
        !           446: .. .i distinguished
        !           447: .. name of the host.
        !           448: .. The names on the local list are used by
        !           449: .. .i Mail
        !           450: .. to decide which addresses are local to the host.
        !           451: .. For example:
        !           452: .. .(l
        !           453: .. local ucbarpa.BERKELEY.ARPA arpa.BERKELEY.ARPA \\
        !           454: ..     arpavax.BERKELEY.ARPA r.BERKELEY.ARPA \\
        !           455: ..     ucb-arpa.ARPA
        !           456: .. .)l
        !           457: .. From this list we see that
        !           458: .. .i "[email protected]",
        !           459: .. .i "[email protected]",
        !           460: .. and
        !           461: .. .i "larry@r"
        !           462: .. are all addresses of users on the local host.
        !           463: .. The
        !           464: .. .b local
        !           465: .. command is usually not used be general users since it is designed for
        !           466: .. local configuration; it is usually found in the file /usr/lib/Mail.rc.
        !           467: .ip "\fBmail\fP\ \ "
        !           468: Send mail to one or more people.  If you have the
        !           469: .i ask
        !           470: option set,
        !           471: .i Mail
        !           472: will prompt you for a subject to your message.  Then you
        !           473: can type in your message, using tilde escapes as described in
        !           474: section 4 to edit, print, or modify your message.  To signal your
        !           475: satisfaction with the message and send it, type control-d at the
        !           476: beginning of a line, or a . alone on a line if you set the option
        !           477: .i dot .
        !           478: To abort the message, type two interrupt characters (\s-2RUBOUT\s0
        !           479: by default) in a row or use the
        !           480: .b ~q
        !           481: escape.
        !           482: The \fBmail\fP command can be abbreviated to \fBm\fP.
        !           483: .ip "\fBmbox\fP\ \ "
        !           484: Indicate that a list of messages be sent to
        !           485: .i mbox
        !           486: in your home directory when you quit.  This is the default
        !           487: action for messages if you do
        !           488: .i not
        !           489: have the
        !           490: .i hold
        !           491: option set.
        !           492: .ip "\fBnext\fP or \fB+\fP\ \ "
        !           493: The
        !           494: .b next
        !           495: command goes to the next message and types it.  If given a message list,
        !           496: .b next
        !           497: goes to the first such message and types it.  Thus,
        !           498: .(l
        !           499: next root
        !           500: .)l
        !           501: goes to the next message sent by
        !           502: .q root
        !           503: and types it.  The
        !           504: .b next
        !           505: command can be abbreviated to simply a newline, which means that one
        !           506: can go to and type a message by simply giving its message number or
        !           507: one of the magic characters
        !           508: .q "^"
        !           509: .q "."
        !           510: or
        !           511: .q "$".
        !           512: Thus,
        !           513: .(l
        !           514: \&.
        !           515: .)l
        !           516: prints the current message and
        !           517: .(l
        !           518: 4
        !           519: .)l
        !           520: prints message 4, as described previously.
        !           521: \fBNext\fP can be abbreviated to \fBn\fP.
        !           522: .ip "\fBpreserve\fP\ \ "
        !           523: Same as
        !           524: .b hold .
        !           525: Cause a list of messages to be held in your system mailbox when you quit.
        !           526: \fBPreserve\fP can be abbreviated to \fBpre\fP.
        !           527: .ip "\fBprint\fP\ \ "
        !           528: Print the specified messages. If the
        !           529: .b crt
        !           530: variable is set, messages longer than the number of lines it indicates
        !           531: are paged through the command specified by the \fBPAGER\fP variable.
        !           532: The \fBprint\fP command can be abbreviated to \fBp\fP.
        !           533: .ip "\fBquit\fP\ \ "
        !           534: Terminates the session, saving all undeleted, unsaved and unwritten messages 
        !           535: in the user's \fImbox\fP file in their login directory
        !           536: (messages marked as having been read), preserving all
        !           537: messages marked with \fBhold\fP or \fBpreserve\fP or never referenced
        !           538: in their system mailbox.
        !           539: Any messages that were deleted, saved, written or saved to \fImbox\fP are
        !           540: removed from their system mailbox.
        !           541: If new mail has arrived during the session, the message
        !           542: ``You have new mail'' is given.  If given while editing a mailbox file
        !           543: with the \fB\-f\fP flag, then the edit file is rewritten.
        !           544: A return to the Shell is effected, unless the rewrite of edit file fails,
        !           545: in which case the user can escape with the \fBexit\fP command.
        !           546: \fBQuit\fP can be abbreviated to \fBq\fP.
        !           547: .ip "\fBreply\fP or \fBrespond\fP\ \ "
        !           548: Frame a reply to a single message.
        !           549: The reply will be sent to the
        !           550: person who sent you the message (to which you are replying), plus all
        !           551: the people who received the original message, except you.  You can
        !           552: add people using the \fB~t\fP, \fB~c\fP and \fB~b\fP
        !           553: tilde escapes.  The subject in your reply is formed by prefacing the
        !           554: subject in the original message with
        !           555: .q "Re:"
        !           556: unless it already began thus.
        !           557: If the original message included a
        !           558: .q "reply-to"
        !           559: header field, the reply will go
        !           560: .i only
        !           561: to the recipient named by
        !           562: .q "reply-to."
        !           563: You type in your message using the same conventions available to you
        !           564: through the
        !           565: .b mail
        !           566: command.
        !           567: The \fBreply\fP (and \fBrespond\fP) command can be abbreviated to \fBr\fP.
        !           568: .ip "\fBretain\fP\ \ "
        !           569: Add the list of header fields named to the \fIretained list\fP.
        !           570: Only the header fields in the retain list
        !           571: are shown on your terminal when you print a message.
        !           572: All other header fields are suppressed.
        !           573: The
        !           574: .b Type
        !           575: and
        !           576: .b Print
        !           577: commands can be used to print a message in its entirety.
        !           578: If
        !           579: .b retain
        !           580: is executed with no arguments, it lists the current set of
        !           581: retained fields.
        !           582: .ip "\fBsave\fP\ \ "
        !           583: It is often useful to be able to save messages on related topics
        !           584: in a file.  The
        !           585: .b save
        !           586: command gives you the ability to do this.  The
        !           587: .b save
        !           588: command takes as an argument a list of message numbers, followed by
        !           589: the name of the file in which to save the messages.  The messages
        !           590: are appended to the named file, thus allowing one to keep several
        !           591: messages in the file, stored in the order they were put there.
        !           592: The filename in quotes, followed by the line
        !           593: count and character count is echoed on the user's terminal.
        !           594: An example of the
        !           595: .b save
        !           596: command relative to our running example is:
        !           597: .(l
        !           598: s 1 2 tuitionmail
        !           599: .)l
        !           600: .b Saved
        !           601: messages are not automatically saved in
        !           602: .i mbox
        !           603: at quit time, nor are they selected by the
        !           604: .b next
        !           605: command described above, unless explicitly specified.
        !           606: \fBSave\fP can be abbreviated to \fBs\fP.
        !           607: .ip "\fBset\fP\ \ "
        !           608: Set an option or give an option a value.  Used to customize
        !           609: .i Mail .
        !           610: Section 5.3 contains a list of the options.  Options can be
        !           611: .i binary ,
        !           612: in which case they are
        !           613: .i on
        !           614: or
        !           615: .i off ,
        !           616: or
        !           617: .i valued .
        !           618: To set a binary option
        !           619: .i option
        !           620: .i on ,
        !           621: do
        !           622: .(l
        !           623: set option
        !           624: .)l
        !           625: To give the valued option
        !           626: .i option
        !           627: the value
        !           628: .i value ,
        !           629: do
        !           630: .(l
        !           631: set option=value
        !           632: .)l
        !           633: There must be no space before or after the ``='' sign.
        !           634: If no arguments are given, all variable values are printed.
        !           635: Several options can be specified in a single
        !           636: .b set
        !           637: command.
        !           638: \fBSet\fP can be abbreviated to \fBse\fP.
        !           639: .ip "\fBshell\fP\ \ "
        !           640: The
        !           641: .b shell
        !           642: command allows you to
        !           643: escape to the shell.
        !           644: .b Shell
        !           645: invokes an interactive shell and allows you to type commands to it.
        !           646: When you leave the shell, you will return to
        !           647: .i Mail .
        !           648: The shell used is a default assumed by
        !           649: .i Mail ;
        !           650: you can override this default by setting the valued option
        !           651: .q SHELL,
        !           652: eg:
        !           653: .(l
        !           654: set SHELL=/bin/csh
        !           655: .)l
        !           656: \fBShell\fP can be abbreviated to \fBsh\fP.
        !           657: .ip "\fBsize\fP\ \ "
        !           658: Takes a message list and prints out the size in characters of each
        !           659: message.
        !           660: .ip "\fBsource\fP\ \ "
        !           661: The
        !           662: .b source
        !           663: command reads
        !           664: .i mail
        !           665: commands from a file.  It is useful when you are trying to fix your
        !           666: .q .mailrc
        !           667: file and you need to re-read it.
        !           668: \fBSource\fP can be abbreviated to \fBso\fP.
        !           669: .ip "\fBtop\fP\ \ "
        !           670: The
        !           671: .b top
        !           672: command takes a message list and prints the first five lines
        !           673: of each addressed message.
        !           674: If you wish, you can change the number of lines that
        !           675: .b top
        !           676: prints out by setting the valued option
        !           677: .q "toplines."
        !           678: On a CRT terminal,
        !           679: .(l
        !           680: set toplines=10
        !           681: .)l
        !           682: might be preferred.
        !           683: \fBTop\fP can be abbreviated to \fBto\fP.
        !           684: .ip "\fBtype\fP\ \ "
        !           685: Same as \fBprint\fP.
        !           686: Takes a message list and types out each message on the terminal.
        !           687: The \fBtype\fP command can be abbreviated to \fBt\fP.
        !           688: .ip "\fBundelete\fP \ \"
        !           689: Takes a message list and marks each message as \fInot\fP
        !           690: being deleted.
        !           691: \fBUndelete\fP can be abbreviated to \fBu\fP.
        !           692: .ip "\fBunread\fP\ \ "
        !           693: Takes a message list and marks each message as
        !           694: .i not
        !           695: having been read.
        !           696: \fBUnread\fP can be abbreviated to \fBU\fP.
        !           697: .ip "\fBunset\fP\ \ "
        !           698: Takes a list of option names and discards their remembered values;
        !           699: the inverse of \fBset\fP .
        !           700: .ip "\fBvisual\fP\ \ "
        !           701: It is often useful to be able to invoke one of two editors,
        !           702: based on the type of terminal one is using.  To invoke
        !           703: a display oriented editor, you can use the
        !           704: .b visual
        !           705: command.  The operation of the
        !           706: .b visual
        !           707: command is otherwise identical to that of the
        !           708: .b edit
        !           709: command.
        !           710: .ne 2v+\n(psu
        !           711: .sp \n(psu
        !           712: Both the
        !           713: .b edit
        !           714: and
        !           715: .b visual
        !           716: commands assume some default text editors.  These default editors
        !           717: can be overridden by the valued options
        !           718: .q EDITOR
        !           719: and
        !           720: .q VISUAL
        !           721: for the standard and screen editors.  You might want to do:
        !           722: .(l
        !           723: set EDITOR=/usr/ucb/ex VISUAL=/usr/ucb/vi
        !           724: .)l
        !           725: \fBVisual\fP can be abbreviated to \fBv\fP.
        !           726: .ip "\fBwrite\fP\ \ "
        !           727: The
        !           728: .b save
        !           729: command always writes the entire message, including the headers,
        !           730: into the file.  If you want to write just the message itself, you
        !           731: can use the
        !           732: .b write
        !           733: command.  The
        !           734: .b write
        !           735: command has the same syntax as the
        !           736: .b save
        !           737: command, and can be abbreviated to simply
        !           738: .b w .
        !           739: Thus, we could write the second message by doing:
        !           740: .(l
        !           741: w 2 file.c
        !           742: .)l
        !           743: As suggested by this example, the
        !           744: .b write
        !           745: command is useful for such tasks as sending and receiving
        !           746: source program text over the message system.
        !           747: The filename in quotes, followed by the line
        !           748: count and character count is echoed on the user's terminal.
        !           749: .ip "\fBz\fP\ \ "
        !           750: .i Mail
        !           751: presents message headers in windowfuls as described under
        !           752: the
        !           753: .b headers
        !           754: command.
        !           755: You can move
        !           756: .i Mail's
        !           757: attention forward to the next window by giving the
        !           758: .(l
        !           759: z+
        !           760: .)l
        !           761: command.  Analogously, you can move to the previous window with:
        !           762: .(l
        !           763: z\-
        !           764: .)l
        !           765: .sh 2 "Custom options"
        !           766: .pp
        !           767: Throughout this manual, we have seen examples of binary and valued options.
        !           768: This section describes each of the options in alphabetical order, including
        !           769: some that you have not seen yet.
        !           770: To avoid confusion, please note that the options are either
        !           771: all lower case letters or all upper case letters.  When I start a sentence
        !           772: such as:
        !           773: .q "Ask"
        !           774: causes
        !           775: .i Mail
        !           776: to prompt you for a subject header,
        !           777: I am only capitalizing
        !           778: .q ask
        !           779: as a courtesy to English.
        !           780: .ip "\fBEDITOR\fP\ \ "
        !           781: The valued option
        !           782: .q EDITOR
        !           783: defines the pathname of the text editor to be used in the
        !           784: .b edit
        !           785: command and ~e.  If not defined, a standard editor is used.
        !           786: .ip "\fBPAGER\fP\ \ "
        !           787: Pathname of the program to use for paginating output when
        !           788: it exceeds \fIcrt\fP lines.
        !           789: A default paginator is used if this option is not defined.
        !           790: .ip "\fBSHELL\fP\ \ "
        !           791: The valued option
        !           792: .q SHELL
        !           793: gives the path name of your shell.  This shell is used for the
        !           794: .b !
        !           795: command and ~! escape.  In addition, this shell expands
        !           796: file names with shell metacharacters like * and ? in them.
        !           797: .ip "\fBVISUAL\fP\ \ "
        !           798: The valued option
        !           799: .q VISUAL
        !           800: defines the pathname of the screen editor to be used in the
        !           801: .b visual
        !           802: command
        !           803: and ~v escape.  A standard screen editor is used if you do not define one.
        !           804: .ip "\fBappend\fP\ \ "
        !           805: The
        !           806: .q append
        !           807: option is binary and
        !           808: causes messages saved in
        !           809: .i mbox
        !           810: to be appended to the end rather than prepended.
        !           811: Normally, \fIMail\fP will put messages in \fImbox\fP
        !           812: in the same order that the system puts messages in your system mailbox.
        !           813: By setting
        !           814: .q append,
        !           815: you are requesting that
        !           816: .i mbox
        !           817: be appended to regardless.  It is in any event quicker to append.
        !           818: .ip "\fBask\fP\ \ "
        !           819: .q "Ask"
        !           820: is a binary option which
        !           821: causes
        !           822: .i Mail
        !           823: to prompt you for the subject of each message you send.
        !           824: If you respond with simply a newline, no subject field will be sent.
        !           825: .ip "\fBaskcc\fP\ \ "
        !           826: .q Askcc
        !           827: is a binary option which
        !           828: causes you to be prompted for additional carbon copy recipients at the
        !           829: end of each message.  Responding with a newline shows your
        !           830: satisfaction with the current list.
        !           831: .ip "\fBautoprint\fP\ \ "
        !           832: .q Autoprint
        !           833: is a binary option which
        !           834: causes the
        !           835: .b delete
        !           836: command to behave like
        !           837: .b dp
        !           838: \*- thus, after deleting a message, the next one will be typed
        !           839: automatically.  This is useful when quickly scanning and deleting
        !           840: messages in your mailbox.
        !           841: .ip "\fBcrt\fP \ \ "
        !           842: The valued option
        !           843: .I crt
        !           844: is used as a threshold to determine how long a message must
        !           845: be before
        !           846: .b PAGER
        !           847: is used to read it.
        !           848: .ip "\fBdebug\fP \ \ "
        !           849: The binary option
        !           850: .q debug
        !           851: causes debugging information to be displayed. Use of this
        !           852: option is the same as using the \fB\-d\fP command line flag.
        !           853: .ip "\fBdot\fP\ \ "
        !           854: .q Dot
        !           855: is a binary option which, if set, causes
        !           856: .i Mail
        !           857: to interpret a period alone on a line as the terminator
        !           858: of the message you are sending.
        !           859: .ip "\fBescape\fP\ \ "
        !           860: To allow you to change the escape character used when sending
        !           861: mail, you can set the valued option
        !           862: .q escape.
        !           863: Only the first character of the
        !           864: .q escape
        !           865: option is used, and it must be doubled if it is to appear as
        !           866: the first character of a line of your message.  If you change your escape
        !           867: character, then ~ loses all its special meaning, and need no longer be doubled
        !           868: at the beginning of a line.
        !           869: .ip "\fBfolder\fP\ \ "
        !           870: The name of the directory to use for storing folders of messages.
        !           871: If this name begins with a `/'
        !           872: .i Mail
        !           873: considers it to be an absolute pathname; otherwise, the folder directory
        !           874: is found relative to your home directory.
        !           875: .ip "\fBhold\fP\ \ "
        !           876: The binary option
        !           877: .q hold
        !           878: causes messages that have been read but not manually dealt with
        !           879: to be held in the system mailbox. This prevents such messages from
        !           880: being automatically swept into your \fImbox\fP file.
        !           881: .ip "\fBignore\fP\ \ "
        !           882: The binary option
        !           883: .q ignore
        !           884: causes \s-2RUBOUT\s0 characters from your terminal to be ignored and echoed
        !           885: as @'s while you are sending mail.  \s-2RUBOUT\s0 characters retain their
        !           886: original meaning in
        !           887: .i Mail
        !           888: command mode.
        !           889: Setting the
        !           890: .q ignore
        !           891: option is equivalent to supplying the
        !           892: .b \-i
        !           893: flag on the command line as described in section 6.
        !           894: .ip "\fBignoreeof\fP\ \ "
        !           895: An option related to
        !           896: .q dot
        !           897: is
        !           898: .q ignoreeof
        !           899: which makes
        !           900: .i Mail
        !           901: refuse to accept a control\-d as the end of a message.
        !           902: .q Ignoreeof
        !           903: also applies to
        !           904: .i Mail
        !           905: command mode.
        !           906: .ip "\fBkeep\fP\ \ "
        !           907: The
        !           908: .q keep
        !           909: option causes
        !           910: .i Mail
        !           911: to truncate your system mailbox instead of deleting it when it
        !           912: is empty.  This is useful if you elect to protect your mailbox, which
        !           913: you would do with the shell command:
        !           914: .(l
        !           915: chmod 600 /usr/spool/mail/yourname
        !           916: .)l
        !           917: where
        !           918: .i yourname
        !           919: is your login name.  If you do not do this, anyone can probably read
        !           920: your mail, although people usually don't.
        !           921: .ip "\fBkeepsave\fP\ \ "
        !           922: When you
        !           923: .b save
        !           924: a message,
        !           925: .i Mail
        !           926: usually discards it when you
        !           927: .b quit .
        !           928: To retain all saved messages, set the
        !           929: .q keepsave
        !           930: option.
        !           931: .ip "\fBmetoo\fP\ \ "
        !           932: When sending mail to an alias,
        !           933: .i Mail
        !           934: makes sure that if you are included in the alias, that mail will not
        !           935: be sent to you.  This is useful if a single alias is being used by
        !           936: all members of the group.  If however, you wish to receive a copy of
        !           937: all the messages you send to the alias, you can set the binary option
        !           938: .q metoo.
        !           939: .ip "\fBnoheader\fP\ \ "
        !           940: The binary option
        !           941: .q noheader
        !           942: suppresses the printing of the version and headers when
        !           943: .i Mail
        !           944: is first invoked. Setting this option is the same as using
        !           945: .b \-N
        !           946: on the command line.
        !           947: .ip "\fBnosave\fP\ \ "
        !           948: Normally,
        !           949: when you abort a message with two \s-2RUBOUTs\s0,
        !           950: .i Mail
        !           951: copies the partial letter to the file
        !           952: .q dead.letter
        !           953: in your home directory.  Setting the binary option
        !           954: .q nosave
        !           955: prevents this.
        !           956: .ip "\fBReplyall\fP\ \ "
        !           957: Reverses the sense of
        !           958: .i reply
        !           959: and
        !           960: .i Reply
        !           961: commands.
        !           962: .ip "\fBquiet\fP\ \ "
        !           963: The binary option
        !           964: .q quiet
        !           965: suppresses the printing of the version when
        !           966: .i Mail
        !           967: is first invoked,
        !           968: as well as printing the for example
        !           969: .q "Message 4:"
        !           970: from the
        !           971: .b type
        !           972: command.
        !           973: .ip "\fBrecord\fP\ \ "
        !           974: If you love to keep records, then the
        !           975: valued option
        !           976: .q record
        !           977: can be set to the name of a file to save your outgoing mail.
        !           978: Each new message you send is appended to the end of the file.
        !           979: .ip "\fBscreen\fP\ \ "
        !           980: When
        !           981: .i Mail
        !           982: initially prints the message headers, it determines the number to
        !           983: print by looking at the speed of your terminal.  The faster your
        !           984: terminal, the more it prints.
        !           985: The valued option
        !           986: .q screen
        !           987: overrides this calculation and
        !           988: specifies how many message headers you want printed.
        !           989: This number is also used for scrolling with the
        !           990: .b z
        !           991: command.
        !           992: .ip "\fBsendmail\fP\ \ "
        !           993: To use an alternate mail delivery system, set the
        !           994: .q sendmail
        !           995: option to the full pathname of the program to use.  Note:  this is not
        !           996: for everyone!  Most people should use the default delivery system.
        !           997: .ip "\fBtoplines\fP\ \ "
        !           998: The valued option
        !           999: .q toplines
        !          1000: defines the number of lines that the
        !          1001: .q top
        !          1002: command will print out instead of the default five lines.
        !          1003: .ip "\fBverbose\fP\ \ "
        !          1004: The binary option "verbose" causes
        !          1005: .i Mail
        !          1006: to invoke sendmail with the 
        !          1007: .b \-v
        !          1008: flag, which causes it to go into verbose mode and announce expansion
        !          1009: of aliases, etc. Setting the "verbose" option is equivalent to
        !          1010: invoking
        !          1011: .i Mail
        !          1012: with the
        !          1013: .b \-v
        !          1014: flag as described in section 6.

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