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1.1 ! root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1980 The Regents of the University of California. ! 2: .\" All rights reserved. ! 3: .\" ! 4: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted ! 5: .\" provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are ! 6: .\" duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, ! 7: .\" advertising materials, and other materials related to such ! 8: .\" distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed ! 9: .\" by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the ! 10: .\" University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived ! 11: .\" from this software without specific prior written permission. ! 12: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR ! 13: .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED ! 14: .\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ! 15: .\" ! 16: .\" @(#)vi.chars 6.2 (Berkeley) 11/27/89 ! 17: .\" ! 18: .bd S 3 ! 19: ..pn 21 ! 20: .de iP ! 21: .IP "\fB\\$1\fR" \\$2 ! 22: .. ! 23: .SH ! 24: Appendix: character functions ! 25: .PP ! 26: This appendix gives the uses the editor makes of each character. The ! 27: characters are presented in their order in the \s-2ASCII\s0 character ! 28: set: Control characters come first, then most special characters, then ! 29: the digits, upper and then lower case characters. ! 30: .PP ! 31: For each character we tell a meaning it has as a command and any meaning it ! 32: has during an insert. ! 33: If it has only meaning as a command, then only this is discussed. ! 34: Section numbers in parentheses indicate where the character is discussed; ! 35: a `f' after the section number means that the character is mentioned ! 36: in a footnote. ! 37: .iP "^@" 15 ! 38: Not a command character. ! 39: If typed as the first character of an insertion it is replaced with the ! 40: last text inserted, and the insert terminates. Only 128 characters are ! 41: saved from the last insert; if more characters were inserted the mechanism ! 42: is not available. ! 43: A \fB^@\fR cannot be part of the file due to the editor implementation ! 44: (7.5f). ! 45: .iP "^A" 15 ! 46: Unused. ! 47: .iP "^B" 15 ! 48: Backward window. ! 49: A count specifies repetition. ! 50: Two lines of continuity are kept if possible (2.1, 6.1, 7.2). ! 51: .iP "^C" 15 ! 52: Unused. ! 53: .iP "^D" 15 ! 54: As a command, scrolls down a half-window of text. ! 55: A count gives the number of (logical) lines to scroll, and is remembered ! 56: for future \fB^D\fR and \fB^U\fR commands (2.1, 7.2). ! 57: During an insert, backtabs over \fIautoindent\fR white space at the beginning ! 58: of a line (6.6, 7.5); this white space cannot be backspaced over. ! 59: .iP "^E" 15 ! 60: Exposes one more line below the current screen in the file, leaving ! 61: the cursor where it is if possible. ! 62: (Version 3 only.) ! 63: .iP "^F" 15 ! 64: Forward window. A count specifies repetition. ! 65: Two lines of continuity are kept if possible (2.1, 6.1, 7.2). ! 66: .iP "^G" 15 ! 67: Equivalent to \fB:f\fR\s-2CR\s0, printing the current file, whether ! 68: it has been modified, the current line number and the number of lines ! 69: in the file, and the percentage of the way through the file that you ! 70: are. ! 71: .iP "^H (\fR\s-2BS\s0\fP)" 15 ! 72: Same as ! 73: .B "left arrow" . ! 74: (See ! 75: .B h ). ! 76: During an insert, eliminates the last input character, backing over it ! 77: but not erasing it; it remains so you can see what you typed if you ! 78: wish to type something only slightly different (3.1, 7.5). ! 79: .iP "^I\ (\fR\s-2TAB\s0\fP)" 15 ! 80: Not a command character. ! 81: When inserted it prints as some ! 82: number of spaces. ! 83: When the cursor is at a tab character it rests at the last of the spaces ! 84: which represent the tab. ! 85: The spacing of tabstops is controlled by the \fItabstop\fR option (4.1, 6.6). ! 86: .iP "^J\ (\fR\s-2LF\s0\fP)" 15 ! 87: Same as ! 88: .B "down arrow" ! 89: (see ! 90: .B j ). ! 91: .iP "^K" 15 ! 92: Unused. ! 93: .iP "^L" 15 ! 94: The \s-2ASCII\s0 formfeed character, this causes the screen to be cleared ! 95: and redrawn. This is useful after a transmission error, if characters ! 96: typed by a program other than the editor scramble the screen, ! 97: or after output is stopped by an interrupt (5.4, 7.2f). ! 98: .iP "^M\ (\fR\s-2CR\s0\fP)" 15 ! 99: A carriage return advances to the next line, at the first non-white position ! 100: in the line. Given a count, it advances that many lines (2.3). ! 101: During an insert, a \s-2CR\s0 causes the insert to continue onto ! 102: another line (3.1). ! 103: .iP "^N" 15 ! 104: Same as ! 105: .B "down arrow" ! 106: (see ! 107: .B j ). ! 108: .iP "^O" 15 ! 109: Unused. ! 110: .iP "^P" 15 ! 111: Same as ! 112: .B "up arrow" ! 113: (see ! 114: .B k ). ! 115: .iP "^Q" 15 ! 116: Not a command character. ! 117: In input mode, ! 118: .B ^Q ! 119: quotes the next character, the same as ! 120: .B ^V , ! 121: except that some teletype drivers will eat the ! 122: .B ^Q ! 123: so that the editor never sees it. ! 124: .iP "^R" 15 ! 125: Redraws the current screen, eliminating logical lines not corresponding ! 126: to physical lines (lines with only a single @ character on them). ! 127: On hardcopy terminals in \fIopen\fR mode, retypes the current line ! 128: (5.4, 7.2, 7.8). ! 129: .iP "^S" 15 ! 130: Unused. Some teletype drivers use ! 131: .B ^S ! 132: to suspend output until ! 133: .B ^Q is pressed. ! 134: .iP "^T" 15 ! 135: Not a command character. ! 136: During an insert, with \fIautoindent\fR set and at the beginning of the ! 137: line, inserts \fIshiftwidth\fR white space. ! 138: .iP "^U" 15 ! 139: Scrolls the screen up, inverting \fB^D\fR which scrolls down. Counts work as ! 140: they do for \fB^D\fR, and the previous scroll amount is common to both. ! 141: On a dumb terminal, \fB^U\fR will often necessitate clearing and redrawing ! 142: the screen further back in the file (2.1, 7.2). ! 143: .iP "^V" 15 ! 144: Not a command character. ! 145: In input mode, quotes the next character so that it is possible ! 146: to insert non-printing and special characters into the file (4.2, 7.5). ! 147: .iP "^W" 15 ! 148: Not a command character. ! 149: During an insert, backs up as \fBb\fR would in command mode; the deleted ! 150: characters remain on the display (see \fB^H\fR) (7.5). ! 151: .iP "^X" 15 ! 152: Unused. ! 153: .iP "^Y" 15 ! 154: Exposes one more line above the current screen, leaving the cursor where ! 155: it is if possible. (No mnemonic value for this key; however, it is next ! 156: to \fB^U\fR which scrolls up a bunch.) ! 157: (Version 3 only.) ! 158: .iP "^Z" 15 ! 159: If supported by the Unix system, ! 160: stops the editor, exiting to the top level shell. ! 161: Same as \fB:stop\fP\s-2CR\s0. ! 162: Otherwise, unused. ! 163: .iP "^[\ (\fR\s-2ESC\s0\fP)" 15 ! 164: Cancels a partially formed command, such as a \fBz\fR when no following ! 165: character has yet been given; terminates inputs on the last line (read ! 166: by commands such as \fB: /\fR and \fB?\fR); ends insertions of new text ! 167: into the buffer. ! 168: If an \s-2ESC\s0 is given when quiescent in command state, the editor ! 169: rings the bell or flashes the screen. You can thus hit \s-2ESC\s0 if ! 170: you don't know what is happening till the editor rings the bell. ! 171: If you don't know if you are in insert mode you can type \s-2ESC\s0\fBa\fR, ! 172: and then material to be input; the material will be inserted correctly ! 173: whether or not you were in insert mode when you started (1.5, 3.1, 7.5). ! 174: .iP "^\e" 15 ! 175: Unused. ! 176: .iP "^]" 15 ! 177: Searches for the word which is after the cursor as a tag. Equivalent ! 178: to typing \fB:ta\fR, this word, and then a \s-2CR\s0. ! 179: Mnemonically, this command is ``go right to'' (7.3). ! 180: .iP "^\(ua" 15 ! 181: Equivalent to \fB:e #\fR\s-2CR\s0, returning to the previous position ! 182: in the last edited file, or editing a file which you specified if you ! 183: got a `No write since last change diagnostic' and do not want to have ! 184: to type the file name again (7.3). ! 185: (You have to do a \fB:w\fR before \fB^\(ua\fR ! 186: will work in this case. If you do not wish to write the file you should ! 187: do \fB:e!\ #\fR\s-2CR\s0 instead.) ! 188: .iP "^_" 15 ! 189: Unused. ! 190: Reserved as the command character for the ! 191: Tektronix 4025 and 4027 terminal. ! 192: .iP "\fR\s-2SPACE\s0\fP" 15 ! 193: Same as ! 194: .B "right arrow" ! 195: (see ! 196: .B l ). ! 197: .iP "!" 15 ! 198: An operator, which processes lines from the buffer with reformatting commands. ! 199: Follow \fB!\fR with the object to be processed, and then the command name ! 200: terminated by \s-2CR\s0. Doubling \fB!\fR and preceding it by a count ! 201: causes count lines to be filtered; otherwise the count ! 202: is passed on to the object after the \fB!\fR. Thus \fB2!}\fR\fIfmt\fR\s-2CR\s0 ! 203: reformats the next two paragraphs by running them through the program ! 204: \fIfmt\fR. If you are working on \s-2LISP\s0, ! 205: the command \fB!%\fR\fIgrind\fR\s-2CR\s0,* ! 206: .FS ! 207: *Both ! 208: .I fmt ! 209: and ! 210: .I grind ! 211: are Berkeley programs and may not be present at all installations. ! 212: .FE ! 213: given at the beginning of a ! 214: function, will run the text of the function through the \s-2LISP\s0 grinder ! 215: (6.7, 7.3). ! 216: To read a file or the output of a command into the buffer use \fB:r\fR (7.3). ! 217: To simply execute a command use \fB:!\fR (7.3). ! 218: .tr " ! 219: .iP 15 ! 220: Precedes a named buffer specification. There are named buffers \fB1\-9\fR ! 221: used for saving deleted text and named buffers \fBa\-z\fR into which you can ! 222: place text (4.3, 6.3) ! 223: .tr ! 224: .iP "#" 15 ! 225: The macro character which, when followed by a number, will substitute ! 226: for a function key on terminals without function keys (6.9). ! 227: In input mode, ! 228: if this is your erase character, it will delete the last character ! 229: you typed in input mode, and must be preceded with a \fB\e\fR to insert ! 230: it, since it normally backs over the last input character you gave. ! 231: .iP "$" 15 ! 232: Moves to the end of the current line. If you \fB:se list\fR\s-2CR\s0, ! 233: then the end of each line will be shown by printing a \fB$\fR after the ! 234: end of the displayed text in the line. Given a count, advances to the ! 235: count'th following end of line; thus \fB2$\fR advances to the end of the ! 236: following line. ! 237: .iP "%" 15 ! 238: Moves to the parenthesis or brace \fB{ }\fR which balances the parenthesis ! 239: or brace at the current cursor position. ! 240: .iP "&" 15 ! 241: A synonym for \fB:&\fR\s-2CR\s0, by analogy with the ! 242: .I ex ! 243: .B & ! 244: command. ! 245: .iP "\(aa" 15 ! 246: When followed by a \fB\(aa\fR returns to the previous context at the ! 247: beginning of a line. The previous context is set whenever the current ! 248: line is moved in a non-relative way. ! 249: When followed by a letter \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR, returns to the line which ! 250: was marked with this letter with a \fBm\fR command, at the first non-white ! 251: character in the line. (2.2, 5.3). ! 252: When used with an operator such as \fBd\fR, the operation takes place ! 253: over complete lines; if you use \fB\(ga\fR, the operation takes place ! 254: from the exact marked place to the current cursor position within the ! 255: line. ! 256: .iP "(" 15 ! 257: Retreats to the beginning of a ! 258: sentence, or to the beginning of a \s-2LISP\s0 s-expression ! 259: if the \fIlisp\fR option is set. ! 260: A sentence ends at a \fB. !\fR or \fB?\fR which is followed by either ! 261: the end of a line or by two spaces. Any number of closing \fB) ] "\fR ! 262: and \fB\(aa\fR characters may appear after the \fB. !\fR or \fB?\fR, ! 263: and before the spaces or end of line. Sentences also begin ! 264: at paragraph and section boundaries ! 265: (see \fB{\fR and \fB[[\fR below). ! 266: A count advances that many sentences (4.2, 6.8). ! 267: .iP ")" 15 ! 268: Advances to the beginning of a sentence. ! 269: A count repeats the effect. ! 270: See \fB(\fR above for the definition of a sentence (4.2, 6.8). ! 271: .iP "*" 15 ! 272: Unused. ! 273: .iP "+" 15 ! 274: Same as \s-2CR\s0 when used as a command. ! 275: .iP "," 15 ! 276: Reverse of the last \fBf F t\fR or \fBT\fR command, looking the other way ! 277: in the current line. Especially useful after hitting too many \fB;\fR ! 278: characters. A count repeats the search. ! 279: .iP "\-" 15 ! 280: Retreats to the previous line at the first non-white character. ! 281: This is the inverse of \fB+\fR and \s-2RETURN\s0. ! 282: If the line moved to is not on the screen, the screen is scrolled, or ! 283: cleared and redrawn if this is not possible. ! 284: If a large amount of scrolling would be required the screen is also cleared ! 285: and redrawn, with the current line at the center (2.3). ! 286: .iP "\&." 15 ! 287: Repeats the last command which changed the buffer. Especially useful ! 288: when deleting words or lines; you can delete some words/lines and then ! 289: hit \fB.\fR to delete more and more words/lines. ! 290: Given a count, it passes it on to the command being repeated. Thus after ! 291: a \fB2dw\fR, \fB3.\fR deletes three words (3.3, 6.3, 7.2, 7.4). ! 292: .iP "/" 15 ! 293: Reads a string from the last line on the screen, and scans forward for ! 294: the next occurrence of this string. The normal input editing sequences may ! 295: be used during the input on the bottom line; an returns to command state ! 296: without ever searching. ! 297: The search begins when you hit \s-2CR\s0 to terminate the pattern; ! 298: the cursor moves to the beginning of the last line to indicate that the search ! 299: is in progress; the search may then ! 300: be terminated with a \s-2DEL\s0 or \s-2RUB\s0, or by backspacing when ! 301: at the beginning of the bottom line, returning the cursor to ! 302: its initial position. ! 303: Searches normally wrap end-around to find a string ! 304: anywhere in the buffer. ! 305: .IP ! 306: When used with an operator the enclosed region is normally affected. ! 307: By mentioning an ! 308: offset from the line matched by the pattern you can force whole lines ! 309: to be affected. To do this give a pattern with a closing ! 310: a closing \fB/\fR and then an offset \fB+\fR\fIn\fR or \fB\-\fR\fIn\fR. ! 311: .IP ! 312: To include the character \fB/\fR in the search string, you must escape ! 313: it with a preceding \fB\e\fR. ! 314: A \fB\(ua\fR at the beginning of the pattern forces the match to occur ! 315: at the beginning of a line only; this speeds the search. A \fB$\fR at ! 316: the end of the pattern forces the match to occur at the end of a line ! 317: only. ! 318: More extended pattern matching is available, see section 7.4; ! 319: unless you set \fBnomagic\fR in your \fI\&.exrc\fR file you will have ! 320: to preceed the characters \fB. [ *\fR and \fB~\fR in the search pattern ! 321: with a \fB\e\fR to get them to work as you would naively expect (1.5, 2,2, ! 322: 6.1, 7.2, 7.4). ! 323: .iP "0" 15 ! 324: Moves to the first character on the current line. ! 325: Also used, in forming numbers, after an initial \fB1\fR\-\fB9\fR. ! 326: .iP "1\-9" 15 ! 327: Used to form numeric arguments to commands (2.3, 7.2). ! 328: .iP ":" 15 ! 329: A prefix to a set of commands for file and option manipulation and escapes ! 330: to the system. Input is given on the bottom line and terminated with ! 331: an \s-2CR\s0, and the command then executed. You can return to where ! 332: you were by hitting \s-2DEL\s0 or \s-2RUB\s0 if you hit \fB:\fR accidentally ! 333: (see primarily 6.2 and 7.3). ! 334: .iP ";" 15 ! 335: Repeats the last single character find which used \fBf F t\fR or \fBT\fR. ! 336: A count iterates the basic scan (4.1). ! 337: .iP "<" 15 ! 338: An operator which shifts lines left one \fIshiftwidth\fR, normally 8 ! 339: spaces. Like all operators, affects lines when repeated, as in ! 340: \fB<<\fR. Counts are passed through to the basic object, thus \fB3<<\fR ! 341: shifts three lines (6.6, 7.2). ! 342: .iP "=" 15 ! 343: Reindents line for \s-2LISP\s0, as though they were typed in with \fIlisp\fR ! 344: and \fIautoindent\fR set (6.8). ! 345: .iP ">" 15 ! 346: An operator which shifts lines right one \fIshiftwidth\fR, normally 8 ! 347: spaces. Affects lines when repeated as in \fB>>\fR. Counts repeat the ! 348: basic object (6.6, 7.2). ! 349: .iP "?" 15 ! 350: Scans backwards, the opposite of \fB/\fR. See the \fB/\fR description ! 351: above for details on scanning (2.2, 6.1, 7.4). ! 352: .iP "@" 15 ! 353: A macro character (6.9). If this is your kill character, you must escape it with a \e ! 354: to type it in during input mode, as it normally backs over the input you ! 355: have given on the current line (3.1, 3.4, 7.5). ! 356: .iP "A" 15 ! 357: Appends at the end of line, a synonym for \fB$a\fR (7.2). ! 358: .iP "B" 15 ! 359: Backs up a word, where words are composed of non-blank sequences, placing ! 360: the cursor at the beginning of the word. A count repeats the effect ! 361: (2.4). ! 362: .iP "C" 15 ! 363: Changes the rest of the text on the current line; a synonym for \fBc$\fR. ! 364: .iP "D" 15 ! 365: Deletes the rest of the text on the current line; a synonym for \fBd$\fR. ! 366: .iP "E" 15 ! 367: Moves forward to the end of a word, defined as blanks and non-blanks, ! 368: like \fBB\fR and \fBW\fR. A count repeats the effect. ! 369: .iP "F" 15 ! 370: Finds a single following character, backwards in the current line. ! 371: A count repeats this search that many times (4.1). ! 372: .iP "G" 15 ! 373: Goes to the line number given as preceding argument, or the end of the ! 374: file if no preceding count is given. The screen is redrawn with the ! 375: new current line in the center if necessary (7.2). ! 376: .iP "H" 15 ! 377: .B "Home arrow" . ! 378: Homes the cursor to the top line on the screen. If a count is given, ! 379: then the cursor is moved to the count'th line on the screen. ! 380: In any case the cursor is moved to the first non-white character on the ! 381: line. If used as the target of an operator, full lines are affected ! 382: (2.3, 3.2). ! 383: .iP "I" 15 ! 384: Inserts at the beginning of a line; a synonym for \fB\(uai\fR. ! 385: .iP "J" 15 ! 386: Joins together lines, supplying appropriate white space: one space between ! 387: words, two spaces after a \fB.\fR, and no spaces at all if the first ! 388: character of the joined on line is \fB)\fR. A count causes that many ! 389: lines to be joined rather than the default two (6.5, 7.1f). ! 390: .iP "K" 15 ! 391: Unused. ! 392: .iP "L" 15 ! 393: Moves the cursor to the first non-white character of the last line on ! 394: the screen. With a count, to the first non-white of the count'th line ! 395: from the bottom. Operators affect whole lines when used with \fBL\fR ! 396: (2.3). ! 397: .iP "M" 15 ! 398: Moves the cursor to the middle line on the screen, at the first non-white ! 399: position on the line (2.3). ! 400: .iP "N" 15 ! 401: Scans for the next match of the last pattern given to ! 402: \fB/\fR or \fB?\fR, but in the reverse direction; this is the reverse ! 403: of \fBn\fR. ! 404: .iP "O" 15 ! 405: Opens a new line above the current line and inputs text there up to an ! 406: \s-2ESC\s0. A count can be used on dumb terminals to specify a number ! 407: of lines to be opened; this is generally obsolete, as the \fIslowopen\fR ! 408: option works better (3.1). ! 409: .iP "P" 15 ! 410: Puts the last deleted text back before/above the cursor. The text goes ! 411: back as whole lines above the cursor if it was deleted as whole lines. ! 412: Otherwise the text is inserted between the characters before and at the ! 413: cursor. May be preceded by a named buffer specification \fB"\fR\fIx\fR ! 414: to retrieve the contents of the buffer; buffers \fB1\fR\-\fB9\fR contain ! 415: deleted material, buffers \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR are available for general ! 416: use (6.3). ! 417: .iP "Q" 15 ! 418: Quits from \fIvi\fR to \fIex\fR command mode. In this mode, whole lines ! 419: form commands, ending with a \s-2RETURN\s0. You can give all the \fB:\fR ! 420: commands; the editor supplies the \fB:\fR as a prompt (7.7). ! 421: .iP "R" 15 ! 422: Replaces characters on the screen with characters you type (overlay fashion). ! 423: Terminates with an \s-2ESC\s0. ! 424: .iP "S" 15 ! 425: Changes whole lines, a synonym for \fBcc\fR. A count substitutes for ! 426: that many lines. The lines are saved in the numeric buffers, and erased ! 427: on the screen before the substitution begins. ! 428: .iP "T" 15 ! 429: Takes a single following character, locates the character before the ! 430: cursor in the current line, and places the cursor just after that character. ! 431: A count repeats the effect. Most useful with operators such as \fBd\fR ! 432: (4.1). ! 433: .iP "U" 15 ! 434: Restores the current line to its state before you started changing it ! 435: (3.5). ! 436: .iP "V" 15 ! 437: Unused. ! 438: .iP "W" 15 ! 439: Moves forward to the beginning of a word in the current line, ! 440: where words are defined as sequences of blank/non-blank characters. ! 441: A count repeats the effect (2.4). ! 442: .iP "X" 15 ! 443: Deletes the character before the cursor. A count repeats the effect, ! 444: but only characters on the current line are deleted. ! 445: .iP "Y" 15 ! 446: Yanks a copy of the current line into the unnamed buffer, to be put back ! 447: by a later \fBp\fR or \fBP\fR; a very useful synonym for \fByy\fR. ! 448: A count yanks that many lines. May be preceded by a buffer name to put ! 449: lines in that buffer (7.4). ! 450: .iP "ZZ" 15 ! 451: Exits the editor. ! 452: (Same as \fB:x\fP\s-2CR\s0.) ! 453: If any changes have been made, the buffer is written out to the current file. ! 454: Then the editor quits. ! 455: .iP "[[" 15 ! 456: Backs up to the previous section boundary. A section begins at each ! 457: macro in the \fIsections\fR option, ! 458: normally a `.NH' or `.SH' and also at lines which which start ! 459: with a formfeed \fB^L\fR. Lines beginning with \fB{\fR also stop \fB[[\fR; ! 460: this makes it useful for looking backwards, a function at a time, in C ! 461: programs. If the option \fIlisp\fR is set, stops at each \fB(\fR at the ! 462: beginning of a line, and is thus useful for moving backwards at the top ! 463: level \s-2LISP\s0 objects. (4.2, 6.1, 6.6, 7.2). ! 464: .iP "\e" 15 ! 465: Unused. ! 466: .iP "]]" 15 ! 467: Forward to a section boundary, see \fB[[\fR for a definition (4.2, 6.1, ! 468: 6.6, 7.2). ! 469: .iP "\(ua" 15 ! 470: Moves to the first non-white position on the current line (4.4). ! 471: .iP "_" 15 ! 472: Unused. ! 473: .iP "\(ga" 15 ! 474: When followed by a \fB\(ga\fR returns to the previous context. ! 475: The previous context is set whenever the current ! 476: line is moved in a non-relative way. ! 477: When followed by a letter \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR, returns to the position which ! 478: was marked with this letter with a \fBm\fR command. ! 479: When used with an operator such as \fBd\fR, the operation takes place ! 480: from the exact marked place to the current position within the line; ! 481: if you use \fB\(aa\fR, the operation takes place over complete lines ! 482: (2.2, 5.3). ! 483: .iP "a" 15 ! 484: Appends arbitrary text after the current cursor position; the insert ! 485: can continue onto multiple lines by using \s-2RETURN\s0 within the insert. ! 486: A count causes the inserted text to be replicated, but only if the inserted ! 487: text is all on one line. ! 488: The insertion terminates with an \s-2ESC\s0 (3.1, 7.2). ! 489: .iP "b" 15 ! 490: Backs up to the beginning of a word in the current line. A word is a ! 491: sequence of alphanumerics, or a sequence of special characters. ! 492: A count repeats the effect (2.4). ! 493: .iP "c" 15 ! 494: An operator which changes the following object, replacing it with the ! 495: following input text up to an \s-2ESC\s0. If more than part of a single ! 496: line is affected, the text which is changed away is saved in the numeric named ! 497: buffers. If only part of the current line is affected, then the last ! 498: character to be changed away is marked with a \fB$\fR. ! 499: A count causes that many objects to be affected, thus both ! 500: \fB3c)\fR and \fBc3)\fR change the following three sentences (7.4). ! 501: .iP "d" 15 ! 502: An operator which deletes the following object. If more than part of ! 503: a line is affected, the text is saved in the numeric buffers. ! 504: A count causes that many objects to be affected; thus \fB3dw\fR is the ! 505: same as \fBd3w\fR (3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 7.4). ! 506: .iP "e" 15 ! 507: Advances to the end of the next word, defined as for \fBb\fR and \fBw\fR. ! 508: A count repeats the effect (2.4, 3.1). ! 509: .iP "f" 15 ! 510: Finds the first instance of the next character following the cursor on ! 511: the current line. A count repeats the find (4.1). ! 512: .iP "g" 15 ! 513: Unused. ! 514: .sp ! 515: Arrow keys ! 516: .B h , ! 517: .B j , ! 518: .B k , ! 519: .B l , ! 520: and ! 521: .B H . ! 522: .iP "h" 15 ! 523: .B "Left arrow" . ! 524: Moves the cursor one character to the left. ! 525: Like the other arrow keys, either ! 526: .B h , ! 527: the ! 528: .B "left arrow" ! 529: key, or one of the synonyms (\fB^H\fP) has the same effect. ! 530: On v2 editors, arrow keys on certain kinds of terminals ! 531: (those which send escape sequences, such as vt52, c100, or hp) ! 532: cannot be used. ! 533: A count repeats the effect (3.1, 7.5). ! 534: .iP "i" 15 ! 535: Inserts text before the cursor, otherwise like \fBa\fR (7.2). ! 536: .iP "j" 15 ! 537: .B "Down arrow" . ! 538: Moves the cursor one line down in the same column. ! 539: If the position does not exist, ! 540: .I vi ! 541: comes as close as possible to the same column. ! 542: Synonyms include ! 543: .B ^J ! 544: (linefeed) and ! 545: .B ^N . ! 546: .iP "k" 15 ! 547: .B "Up arrow" . ! 548: Moves the cursor one line up. ! 549: .B ^P ! 550: is a synonym. ! 551: .iP "l" 15 ! 552: .B "Right arrow" . ! 553: Moves the cursor one character to the right. ! 554: \s-2SPACE\s0 is a synonym. ! 555: .iP "m" 15 ! 556: Marks the current position of the cursor in the mark register which is ! 557: specified by the next character \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR. Return to this position ! 558: or use with an operator using \fB\(ga\fR or \fB\(aa\fR (5.3). ! 559: .iP "n" 15 ! 560: Repeats the last \fB/\fR or \fB?\fR scanning commands (2.2). ! 561: .iP "o" 15 ! 562: Opens new lines below the current line; otherwise like \fBO\fR (3.1). ! 563: .iP "p" 15 ! 564: Puts text after/below the cursor; otherwise like \fBP\fR (6.3). ! 565: .iP "q" 15 ! 566: Unused. ! 567: .iP "r" 15 ! 568: Replaces the single character at the cursor with a single character you ! 569: type. The new character may be a \s-2RETURN\s0; this is the easiest ! 570: way to split lines. A count replaces each of the following count characters ! 571: with the single character given; see \fBR\fR above which is the more ! 572: usually useful iteration of \fBr\fR (3.2). ! 573: .iP "s" 15 ! 574: Changes the single character under the cursor to the text which follows ! 575: up to an \s-2ESC\s0; given a count, that many characters from the current ! 576: line are changed. The last character to be changed is marked with \fB$\fR ! 577: as in \fBc\fR (3.2). ! 578: .iP "t" 15 ! 579: Advances the cursor upto the character before the next character typed. ! 580: Most useful with operators such as \fBd\fR and \fBc\fR to delete the ! 581: characters up to a following character. You can use \fB.\fR to delete ! 582: more if this doesn't delete enough the first time (4.1). ! 583: .iP "u" 15 ! 584: Undoes the last change made to the current buffer. If repeated, will ! 585: alternate between these two states, thus is its own inverse. When used ! 586: after an insert which inserted text on more than one line, the lines are ! 587: saved in the numeric named buffers (3.5). ! 588: .iP "v" 15 ! 589: Unused. ! 590: .iP "w" 15 ! 591: Advances to the beginning of the next word, as defined by \fBb\fR (2.4). ! 592: .iP "x" 15 ! 593: Deletes the single character under the cursor. With a count deletes ! 594: deletes that many characters forward from the cursor position, but only ! 595: on the current line (6.5). ! 596: .iP "y" 15 ! 597: An operator, yanks the following object into the unnamed temporary buffer. ! 598: If preceded by a named buffer specification, \fB"\fR\fIx\fR, the text ! 599: is placed in that buffer also. Text can be recovered by a later \fBp\fR ! 600: or \fBP\fR (7.4). ! 601: .iP "z" 15 ! 602: Redraws the screen with the current line placed as specified by the following ! 603: character: \s-2RETURN\s0 specifies the top of the screen, \fB.\fR the ! 604: center of the screen, and \fB\-\fR at the bottom of the screen. ! 605: A count may be given after the \fBz\fR and before the following character ! 606: to specify the new screen size for the redraw. ! 607: A count before the \fBz\fR gives the number of the line to place in the ! 608: center of the screen instead of the default current line. (5.4) ! 609: .iP "{" 15 ! 610: Retreats to the beginning of the beginning of the preceding paragraph. ! 611: A paragraph begins at each macro in the \fIparagraphs\fR option, normally ! 612: `.IP', `.LP', `.PP', `.QP' and `.bp'. ! 613: A paragraph also begins after a completely ! 614: empty line, and at each section boundary (see \fB[[\fR above) (4.2, 6.8, ! 615: 7.6). ! 616: .iP "|" 15 ! 617: Places the cursor on the character in the column specified ! 618: by the count (7.1, 7.2). ! 619: .iP "}" 15 ! 620: Advances to the beginning of the next paragraph. See \fB{\fR for the ! 621: definition of paragraph (4.2, 6.8, 7.6). ! 622: .iP "~" 15 ! 623: Unused. ! 624: .iP "^?\ (\s-2\fRDEL\fP\s0)" 15 ! 625: Interrupts the editor, returning it to command accepting state (1.5, ! 626: 7.5) ! 627: .bp ! 628: \&.
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