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Annotation of 43BSDReno/share/doc/usd/25.trofftut/tt02, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .\"    @(#)tt02        6.1 (Berkeley) 5/23/86
        !             2: .\"
        !             3: .NH
        !             4: Point Sizes; Line Spacing
        !             5: .PP
        !             6: As mentioned above,
        !             7: the command
        !             8: .BD .ps
        !             9: sets the point size.
        !            10: One point is 1/72 inch,
        !            11: so 6-point characters are at most 1/12 inch high,
        !            12: and 36-point characters are \(12 inch.
        !            13: There are 15 point sizes, listed below.
        !            14: .P1 1
        !            15: .ps 6
        !            16: 6 point: Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs.
        !            17: .ps 7
        !            18: .vs 8p
        !            19: 7 point: Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs.
        !            20: .vs 9p
        !            21: .ps 8
        !            22: 8 point: Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs.
        !            23: .vs 10p
        !            24: .ps 9
        !            25: 9 point: Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs.
        !            26: .vs 11p
        !            27: .ps 10
        !            28: 10 point: Pack my box with five dozen liquor
        !            29: .vs 12p
        !            30: .ps 11
        !            31: 11 point: Pack my box with five dozen 
        !            32: .vs 14p
        !            33: .ps 12
        !            34: 12 point: Pack my box with five dozen
        !            35: .vs 16p
        !            36: .ps 14
        !            37: 14 point: Pack my box with five
        !            38: .vs 24p
        !            39: \s1616 point\s18 18 point\s20 20 point
        !            40: .vs 40p
        !            41: \s2222\s24 24\s28 28\s36 36
        !            42: .ps 10
        !            43: .vs 12p
        !            44: .P2
        !            45: .PP
        !            46: If the number after
        !            47: .BD .ps 
        !            48: is not one of these
        !            49: legal sizes,
        !            50: it is rounded up to the next valid value,
        !            51: with a maximum of 36.
        !            52: If no number follows
        !            53: .BD .ps ,
        !            54: .UL troff
        !            55: reverts to the previous size, whatever it was.
        !            56: .UL troff
        !            57: begins with point size 10,
        !            58: which is usually fine.
        !            59: The original of this document (on 8.5 by 11 inch paper) is in 9 point.
        !            60: .PP
        !            61: The point size can also be changed in the middle of a line
        !            62: or even a word
        !            63: with the in-line command
        !            64: .BD \es .
        !            65: To produce
        !            66: .P1
        !            67: \s8UNIX\s10 runs on a \s8PDP-\s1011/45
        !            68: .P2
        !            69: type
        !            70: .P1
        !            71: \es8UNIX\es10 runs on a \es8PDP-\es1011/45
        !            72: .P2
        !            73: As above,
        !            74: .BD \es 
        !            75: should be followed by a legal point size,
        !            76: except that
        !            77: .BD \es0 
        !            78: causes the size to revert to
        !            79: its previous value.
        !            80: Notice that
        !            81: .BD \es1011
        !            82: can be understood correctly as `size 10, followed by an 11', if the size is legal,
        !            83: but not otherwise.
        !            84: Be cautious with similar constructions.
        !            85: .PP
        !            86: Relative size changes are also legal and useful:
        !            87: .P1
        !            88: \es\-2UNIX\es+2
        !            89: .P2
        !            90: temporarily decreases the size, whatever it is, by two points, then
        !            91: restores it.
        !            92: Relative size changes have the advantage that the size difference
        !            93: is independent of the starting size of the document.
        !            94: The amount of the relative change is restricted
        !            95: to a single digit.
        !            96: .WS
        !            97: .PP
        !            98: The other parameter that determines what the type looks like
        !            99: is the spacing between lines,
        !           100: which is set independently of the point size.
        !           101: Vertical spacing is measured from the bottom of one line to
        !           102: the bottom of the next.
        !           103: The command to control vertical spacing is
        !           104: .BD .vs .
        !           105: For running text, it is usually best to set the vertical spacing
        !           106: about 20% bigger than the character size.
        !           107: For example, so far in this document, we have used
        !           108: ``9 on 11'', that is,
        !           109: .P1
        !           110: ^ps 9
        !           111: ^vs 11p
        !           112: .P2
        !           113: If we changed to
        !           114: .P1
        !           115: ^ps 9
        !           116: ^vs 9p
        !           117: .P2
        !           118: .vs 9p
        !           119: .ne 3
        !           120: the running text would look like this.
        !           121: After a few lines, you will agree it looks a little cramped.
        !           122: The right vertical spacing is partly a matter of taste, depending on how
        !           123: much text you want to squeeze into a given space,
        !           124: and partly a matter of traditional printing style.
        !           125: By default,
        !           126: .UL troff
        !           127: uses 10 on 12.
        !           128: .PP
        !           129: .vs 14p
        !           130: .ps 12
        !           131: Point size and vertical spacing make a substantial difference in the amount of text
        !           132: per square inch.
        !           133: This is 12 on 14.
        !           134: .ne 2
        !           135: .PP
        !           136: .ne 2
        !           137: .ps 6
        !           138: .vs 7p
        !           139: Point size and vertical spacing make a substantial difference in the amount of text
        !           140: per square inch.
        !           141: For example,
        !           142: 10 on 12 uses about twice as much space as 7 on 8.
        !           143: This is 6 on 7, which is even smaller.
        !           144: It packs a lot more words per line,
        !           145: but you can go blind trying to read it.
        !           146: .PP
        !           147: When used without arguments,
        !           148: .BD .ps
        !           149: and
        !           150: .BD .vs
        !           151: revert to the previous size and vertical spacing
        !           152: respectively.
        !           153: .WS
        !           154: .PP
        !           155: The command
        !           156: .BD .sp
        !           157: is used to get extra vertical space.
        !           158: Unadorned, 
        !           159: it gives you one extra blank line (one
        !           160: .BD .vs ,
        !           161: whatever that has been set to).
        !           162: Typically, that's more or less than you want,
        !           163: so
        !           164: .BD .sp
        !           165: can be followed by
        !           166: information about how much space you want _
        !           167: .P1
        !           168: ^sp 2i
        !           169: .P2
        !           170: means `two inches of vertical space'.
        !           171: .P1
        !           172: ^sp 2p
        !           173: .P2
        !           174: means `two points of vertical space';
        !           175: and
        !           176: .P1
        !           177: ^sp 2
        !           178: .P2
        !           179: means `two vertical spaces' _ two of whatever
        !           180: .BD .vs
        !           181: is set to
        !           182: (this can also be made explicit with
        !           183: .BD .sp\ 2v );
        !           184: .UL troff
        !           185: also understands decimal fractions in most places,
        !           186: so
        !           187: .P1
        !           188: ^sp 1.5i
        !           189: .P2
        !           190: is a space of 1.5 inches.
        !           191: These same scale factors can be used after
        !           192: .BD .vs
        !           193: to define line spacing, and in fact after most commands
        !           194: that deal with physical dimensions.
        !           195: .PP
        !           196: It should be noted that all size numbers are converted internally
        !           197: to `machine units', which are 1/432 inch
        !           198: (1/6 point).
        !           199: For most purposes, this is enough resolution
        !           200: that you don't have to worry about the accuracy of the representation.
        !           201: The situation is not quite so good vertically,
        !           202: where resolution is 1/144 inch
        !           203: (1/2 point).

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