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1.1 root 1: .\" @(#)tt02 6.1 (Berkeley) 5/23/86
2: .\"
3: .NH
4: Point Sizes; Line Spacing
5: .PP
6: As mentioned above,
7: the command
8: .BD .ps
9: sets the point size.
10: One point is 1/72 inch,
11: so 6-point characters are at most 1/12 inch high,
12: and 36-point characters are \(12 inch.
13: There are 15 point sizes, listed below.
14: .P1 1
15: .ps 6
16: 6 point: Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs.
17: .ps 7
18: .vs 8p
19: 7 point: Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs.
20: .vs 9p
21: .ps 8
22: 8 point: Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs.
23: .vs 10p
24: .ps 9
25: 9 point: Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs.
26: .vs 11p
27: .ps 10
28: 10 point: Pack my box with five dozen liquor
29: .vs 12p
30: .ps 11
31: 11 point: Pack my box with five dozen
32: .vs 14p
33: .ps 12
34: 12 point: Pack my box with five dozen
35: .vs 16p
36: .ps 14
37: 14 point: Pack my box with five
38: .vs 24p
39: \s1616 point\s18 18 point\s20 20 point
40: .vs 40p
41: \s2222\s24 24\s28 28\s36 36
42: .ps 10
43: .vs 12p
44: .P2
45: .PP
46: If the number after
47: .BD .ps
48: is not one of these
49: legal sizes,
50: it is rounded up to the next valid value,
51: with a maximum of 36.
52: If no number follows
53: .BD .ps ,
54: .UL troff
55: reverts to the previous size, whatever it was.
56: .UL troff
57: begins with point size 10,
58: which is usually fine.
59: The original of this document (on 8.5 by 11 inch paper) is in 9 point.
60: .PP
61: The point size can also be changed in the middle of a line
62: or even a word
63: with the in-line command
64: .BD \es .
65: To produce
66: .P1
67: \s8UNIX\s10 runs on a \s8PDP-\s1011/45
68: .P2
69: type
70: .P1
71: \es8UNIX\es10 runs on a \es8PDP-\es1011/45
72: .P2
73: As above,
74: .BD \es
75: should be followed by a legal point size,
76: except that
77: .BD \es0
78: causes the size to revert to
79: its previous value.
80: Notice that
81: .BD \es1011
82: can be understood correctly as `size 10, followed by an 11', if the size is legal,
83: but not otherwise.
84: Be cautious with similar constructions.
85: .PP
86: Relative size changes are also legal and useful:
87: .P1
88: \es\-2UNIX\es+2
89: .P2
90: temporarily decreases the size, whatever it is, by two points, then
91: restores it.
92: Relative size changes have the advantage that the size difference
93: is independent of the starting size of the document.
94: The amount of the relative change is restricted
95: to a single digit.
96: .WS
97: .PP
98: The other parameter that determines what the type looks like
99: is the spacing between lines,
100: which is set independently of the point size.
101: Vertical spacing is measured from the bottom of one line to
102: the bottom of the next.
103: The command to control vertical spacing is
104: .BD .vs .
105: For running text, it is usually best to set the vertical spacing
106: about 20% bigger than the character size.
107: For example, so far in this document, we have used
108: ``9 on 11'', that is,
109: .P1
110: ^ps 9
111: ^vs 11p
112: .P2
113: If we changed to
114: .P1
115: ^ps 9
116: ^vs 9p
117: .P2
118: .vs 9p
119: .ne 3
120: the running text would look like this.
121: After a few lines, you will agree it looks a little cramped.
122: The right vertical spacing is partly a matter of taste, depending on how
123: much text you want to squeeze into a given space,
124: and partly a matter of traditional printing style.
125: By default,
126: .UL troff
127: uses 10 on 12.
128: .PP
129: .vs 14p
130: .ps 12
131: Point size and vertical spacing make a substantial difference in the amount of text
132: per square inch.
133: This is 12 on 14.
134: .ne 2
135: .PP
136: .ne 2
137: .ps 6
138: .vs 7p
139: Point size and vertical spacing make a substantial difference in the amount of text
140: per square inch.
141: For example,
142: 10 on 12 uses about twice as much space as 7 on 8.
143: This is 6 on 7, which is even smaller.
144: It packs a lot more words per line,
145: but you can go blind trying to read it.
146: .PP
147: When used without arguments,
148: .BD .ps
149: and
150: .BD .vs
151: revert to the previous size and vertical spacing
152: respectively.
153: .WS
154: .PP
155: The command
156: .BD .sp
157: is used to get extra vertical space.
158: Unadorned,
159: it gives you one extra blank line (one
160: .BD .vs ,
161: whatever that has been set to).
162: Typically, that's more or less than you want,
163: so
164: .BD .sp
165: can be followed by
166: information about how much space you want _
167: .P1
168: ^sp 2i
169: .P2
170: means `two inches of vertical space'.
171: .P1
172: ^sp 2p
173: .P2
174: means `two points of vertical space';
175: and
176: .P1
177: ^sp 2
178: .P2
179: means `two vertical spaces' _ two of whatever
180: .BD .vs
181: is set to
182: (this can also be made explicit with
183: .BD .sp\ 2v );
184: .UL troff
185: also understands decimal fractions in most places,
186: so
187: .P1
188: ^sp 1.5i
189: .P2
190: is a space of 1.5 inches.
191: These same scale factors can be used after
192: .BD .vs
193: to define line spacing, and in fact after most commands
194: that deal with physical dimensions.
195: .PP
196: It should be noted that all size numbers are converted internally
197: to `machine units', which are 1/432 inch
198: (1/6 point).
199: For most purposes, this is enough resolution
200: that you don't have to worry about the accuracy of the representation.
201: The situation is not quite so good vertically,
202: where resolution is 1/144 inch
203: (1/2 point).
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