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1.1 root 1: .\" @(#)tt03 6.1 (Berkeley) 5/23/86
2: .\"
3: .NH
4: Fonts and Special Characters
5: .PP
6: .UL troff
7: and the typesetter allow four different fonts at any one time.
8: Normally three fonts (Times roman, italic and bold) and one collection of special characters
9: are permanently
10: mounted.
11: .P1 2
12: .ft R
13: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789
14: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
15: .ft I
16: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789
17: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
18: .ft B
19: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 0123456789
20: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
21: .ft R
22: .P2
23: The
24: greek, mathematical symbols and miscellany
25: of the special font are
26: listed in Appendix A.
27: .PP
28: .UL troff
29: prints in roman unless told otherwise.
30: To switch into bold, use
31: the
32: .BD .ft
33: command
34: .P1
35: ^ft B
36: .P2
37: and for italics,
38: .P1
39: ^ft I
40: .P2
41: To return to roman, use
42: .BD .ft\ R ;
43: to return to the previous font,
44: whatever it was,
45: use either
46: .BD .ft\ P
47: or just
48: .BD .ft .
49: The `underline' command
50: .P1
51: ^ul
52: .P2
53: causes the next input line to print in italics.
54: .BD .ul
55: can be followed by a count to
56: indicate that more than one line is to be italicized.
57: .PP
58: Fonts can also be changed within a line or word
59: with the in-line command
60: .BD \ef :
61: .P1
62: \fBbold\fIface\fR text
63: .P2
64: is produced by
65: .P1
66: \efBbold\efIface\efR text
67: .P2
68: If you want to do this so the previous font, whatever it was,
69: is left undisturbed, insert extra
70: .BD \efP
71: commands, like this:
72: .P1
73: \efBbold\efP\efIface\efP\efR text\efP
74: .P2
75: Because only the immediately previous font is remembered,
76: you have to restore the previous font after each change
77: or you can lose it.
78: The same is true of
79: .BD .ps
80: and
81: .BD .vs
82: when used without an argument.
83: .PP
84: There are other fonts available besides the standard set,
85: although you can still use only four at any given time.
86: The command
87: .BD .fp
88: tells
89: .UL troff
90: what fonts are physically mounted on the typesetter:
91: .P1
92: ^fp 3 H
93: .P2
94: says that the Helvetica font is mounted on position 3.
95: (The complete list of font sizes and styles depends on
96: your typesetter or laser printer.)
97: Appropriate
98: .BD .fp
99: commands should appear at the beginning of your document
100: if you do not use the standard fonts.
101: .PP
102: It is possible to make a document relatively independent
103: of the actual fonts used to print it
104: by using font numbers instead of names;
105: for example,
106: .BD \ef3
107: and
108: .BD .ft\ 3
109: mean `whatever font is mounted at position 3',
110: and thus work for any setting.
111: Normal settings are roman font on 1, italic on 2,
112: bold on 3,
113: and special on 4.
114: .PP
115: There is also a way to get `synthetic' bold fonts
116: by overstriking letters with a slight offset.
117: Look at the
118: .BD .bd
119: command in [1].
120: .WS
121: .PP
122: Special characters have four-character names beginning with
123: .BD \e( ,
124: and they may be inserted anywhere.
125: For example,
126: .P1
127: \(14 + \(12 = \(34
128: .P2
129: is produced by
130: .P1
131: \e(14 + \e(12 = \e(34
132: .P2
133: In particular,
134: greek letters are all of the form
135: .BD \e(*\- ,
136: where
137: .BD \-
138: is an upper or lower case roman letter
139: reminiscent of the greek.
140: Thus
141: to get
142: .P1
143: \(*S(\(*a\(mu\(*b) \(-> \(if
144: .P2
145: in bare
146: .UL troff
147: we have to type
148: .P1
149: \e(*S(\e(*a\e(mu\e(*b) \e(\(mi> \e(if
150: .P2
151: That line is unscrambled as follows:
152: .P1
153: .ta 1i 2i 3i
154: \e(*S \(*S
155: ( (
156: \e(*a \(*a
157: \e(mu \(mu
158: \e(*b \(*b
159: ) )
160: \e(\(mi> \(->
161: \e(if \(if
162: .P2
163: A complete list of these special names occurs in Appendix A.
164: .PP
165: In
166: .UL eqn
167: [2]
168: the same effect can be achieved with the input
169: .P1
170: SIGMA ( alpha times beta ) \-> inf
171: .P2
172: which is less concise, but clearer to the uninitiated.
173: .PP
174: Notice that
175: each
176: four-character name is a single character
177: as far as
178: .UL troff
179: is concerned _
180: the
181: `translate' command
182: .P1
183: ^tr \e(mi\e(em
184: .P2
185: is perfectly clear, meaning
186: .P1
187: ^tr \(mi\(em
188: .P2
189: that is, to translate \(mi into \(em.
190: .PP
191: Some characters are automatically translated into others:
192: grave \(ga and acute \(aa accents (apostrophes) become open and close single quotes
193: `\|'\|;
194: the combination of ``...'' is generally preferable to the double quotes "...".
195: Similarly a typed minus sign becomes a hyphen -.
196: To print an explicit \- sign, use
197: .BD \e\|- .
198: To get a backslash printed, use
199: .BD \ee .
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