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Annotation of 43BSDReno/share/doc/usd/27.eqnguide/g4, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .\"    @(#)g4  6.1 (Berkeley) 5/22/86
        !             2: .\"
        !             3: .SC "A Large Example"
        !             4: .PP
        !             5: Here is the complete source for the three display equations
        !             6: in the abstract of this guide.
        !             7: .sp
        !             8: .nf
        !             9: .ps -2
        !            10: .vs -2
        !            11:  .EQ I
        !            12:  G(z)~mark =~ e sup { ln ~ G(z) }
        !            13:  ~=~ exp left ( 
        !            14:  sum from k>=1 {S sub k z sup k} over k right )
        !            15:  ~=~  prod from k>=1 e sup {S sub k z sup k /k}
        !            16:  .EN
        !            17:  .EQ I
        !            18:  lineup = left ( 1 + S sub 1 z + 
        !            19:  { S sub 1 sup 2 z sup 2 } over 2! + ... right )
        !            20:  left ( 1+ { S sub 2 z sup 2 } over 2
        !            21:  + { S sub 2 sup 2 z sup 4 } over { 2 sup 2 cdot 2! }
        !            22:  + ... right ) ...
        !            23:  .EN
        !            24:  .EQ I
        !            25:  lineup =  sum from m>=0 left (
        !            26:  sum from
        !            27:  pile { k sub 1 ,k sub 2 ,..., k sub m  >=0
        !            28:  above
        !            29:  k sub 1 +2k sub 2 + ... +mk sub m =m}
        !            30:  { S sub 1 sup {k sub 1} } over {1 sup k sub 1 k sub 1 ! } ~
        !            31:  { S sub 2 sup {k sub 2} } over {2 sup k sub 2 k sub 2 ! } ~
        !            32:  ...
        !            33:  { S sub m sup {k sub m} } over {m sup k sub m k sub m ! } 
        !            34:  right ) z sup m
        !            35:  .EN
        !            36: .sp
        !            37: .fi
        !            38: .ps +2
        !            39: .vs +2
        !            40: .SC "Keywords, Precedences, Etc."
        !            41: .PP
        !            42: If you don't use braces,
        !            43: .UC EQN
        !            44: will
        !            45: do operations in the order shown in this list.
        !            46: .P1 3
        !            47: .ft I
        !            48: dyad vec under bar tilde hat dot dotdot
        !            49: fwd  back  down  up
        !            50: fat  roman  italic  bold  size
        !            51: sub  sup  sqrt  over
        !            52: from  to
        !            53: .ft R
        !            54: .P2
        !            55: These operations group to the left:
        !            56: .P1
        !            57: .ft I
        !            58: over  sqrt  left  right
        !            59: .ft R
        !            60: .P2
        !            61: All others group to the right.
        !            62: .PP
        !            63: Digits, parentheses, brackets, punctuation marks, and these mathematical words
        !            64: are converted
        !            65: to Roman font when encountered:
        !            66: .P1
        !            67: sin  cos  tan  sinh  cosh  tanh  arc
        !            68: max  min  lim  log  ln  exp
        !            69: Re  Im  and  if  for  det
        !            70: .P2
        !            71: These character sequences are recognized and translated as shown.
        !            72: .sp
        !            73: .nf
        !            74: .tr -\(mi
        !            75: .in .5i
        !            76: .ta 1i
        !            77: >=             $>=$
        !            78: <=             $<=$
        !            79: ==             $==$
        !            80: !=             $!=$
        !            81: +-             $+-$
        !            82: ->             $->$
        !            83: <-             $<-$
        !            84: <<             $<<$
        !            85: >>             $>>$
        !            86: inf            $inf$
        !            87: partial                $partial$
        !            88: half           $half$
        !            89: prime          $prime$
        !            90: approx         $approx$
        !            91: nothing                $nothing$
        !            92: cdot           $cdot$
        !            93: times          $times$
        !            94: del            $del$
        !            95: grad           $grad$
        !            96: \&...          $...$
        !            97: ,...,          $,...,$
        !            98: sum            $sum$
        !            99: .sp 3p
        !           100: int            $int$
        !           101: .sp 2p
        !           102: prod           $prod$
        !           103: union          $union$
        !           104: inter          $inter$
        !           105: .sp
        !           106: .in
        !           107: .fi
        !           108: .tr --
        !           109: .PP
        !           110: To obtain Greek letters,
        !           111: simply spell them out in whatever case you want:
        !           112: .sp
        !           113: .nf
        !           114: .in .2i
        !           115: .ta .7i 1.4i 2.1i
        !           116: DELTA  $DELTA$ iota    $iota$
        !           117: GAMMA  $GAMMA$ kappa   $kappa$
        !           118: LAMBDA $LAMBDA$        lambda  $lambda$
        !           119: OMEGA  $OMEGA$ mu      $mu$
        !           120: PHI    $PHI$   nu      $nu$
        !           121: PI     $PI$    omega   $omega$
        !           122: PSI    $PSI$   omicron $omicron$
        !           123: SIGMA  $SIGMA$ phi     $phi$
        !           124: THETA  $THETA$ pi      $pi$
        !           125: UPSILON        $UPSILON$       psi     $psi$
        !           126: XI     $XI$    rho     $rho$
        !           127: alpha  $alpha$ sigma   $sigma$
        !           128: beta   $beta$  tau     $tau$
        !           129: chi    $chi$   theta   $theta$
        !           130: delta  $delta$ upsilon $upsilon$
        !           131: epsilon        $epsilon$       xi      $xi$
        !           132: eta    $eta$   zeta    $zeta$
        !           133: gamma  $gamma$
        !           134: .sp
        !           135: .in
        !           136: .fi
        !           137: .PP
        !           138: These are all the words known to
        !           139: .UC EQN
        !           140: (except for characters with names),
        !           141: together with the section where they are discussed.
        !           142: .sp
        !           143: .nf
        !           144: .in .2i
        !           145: .ta .7i 1.4i 2.1i
        !           146: above  17, 18  lpile   17
        !           147: back   21      mark    15
        !           148: bar    13      matrix  18
        !           149: bold   12      ndefine 20
        !           150: ccol   18      over    9
        !           151: col    18      pile    17
        !           152: cpile  17      rcol    18
        !           153: define 20      right   16
        !           154: delim  19      roman   12
        !           155: dot    13      rpile   17
        !           156: dotdot 13      size    12
        !           157: down   21      sqrt    10
        !           158: dyad   13      sub     7
        !           159: fat    12      sup     7
        !           160: font   12      tdefine 20
        !           161: from   11      tilde   13
        !           162: fwd    21      to      11
        !           163: gfont  12      under   13
        !           164: gsize  12      up      21
        !           165: hat    13      vec     13
        !           166: italic 12      ~, ^    4, 6
        !           167: lcol   18      { }     8
        !           168: left   16      "..."   8, 14
        !           169: lineup 15
        !           170: .sp
        !           171: .in 0
        !           172: .fi
        !           173: .SC Troubleshooting
        !           174: .PP
        !           175: If you make a mistake in an equation,
        !           176: like leaving out a brace (very common)
        !           177: or having one too many (very common)
        !           178: or having a
        !           179: .ul
        !           180: sup
        !           181: with nothing before it (common),
        !           182: .UC EQN
        !           183: will tell you with the message
        !           184: .P1 2
        !           185: .ft I
        !           186: syntax error between lines x and y, file z
        !           187: .ft R
        !           188: .P2
        !           189: where
        !           190: .ul
        !           191: x
        !           192: and
        !           193: .ul
        !           194: y
        !           195: are approximately the lines
        !           196: between which the trouble occurred, and
        !           197: .ul
        !           198: z
        !           199: is the name
        !           200: of the file in question.
        !           201: The line numbers are approximate _ look nearby as well.
        !           202: There are also self-explanatory messages that arise if you leave out a quote
        !           203: or try to run
        !           204: .UC EQN
        !           205: on a non-existent file.
        !           206: .PP
        !           207: If you want to check a document before actually printing it
        !           208: (on
        !           209: .UC UNIX 
        !           210: only),
        !           211: .P1
        !           212: eqn  files >/dev/null
        !           213: .P2
        !           214: will
        !           215: throw away the output but print the messages.
        !           216: .PP
        !           217: If you use something like dollar signs as delimiters,
        !           218: it is easy to leave one out.
        !           219: This causes very strange troubles.
        !           220: The program
        !           221: .ul
        !           222: checkeq
        !           223: checks for misplaced or missing dollar signs
        !           224: and similar troubles.
        !           225: .PP
        !           226: In-line equations can only be so big
        !           227: because of an internal buffer in
        !           228: .UC TROFF .
        !           229: If you get a message
        !           230: ``word overflow'',
        !           231: you have exceeded this limit.
        !           232: If you print the equation as a displayed equation
        !           233: this message will usually go away.
        !           234: The message
        !           235: ``line overflow''
        !           236: indicates you have exceeded an even bigger buffer.
        !           237: The only cure for this is to break the equation into two separate ones.
        !           238: .PP
        !           239: On a related topic,
        !           240: .UC EQN
        !           241: does not break equations by itself _
        !           242: you must split long equations up across multiple lines
        !           243: by yourself,
        !           244: marking each by a separate
        !           245: .UC .EQ
        !           246: \&...\&
        !           247: .UC .EN
        !           248: sequence.
        !           249: .UC EQN
        !           250: does warn about equations that are too long
        !           251: to fit on one line.

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