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Annotation of 43BSDReno/share/man/man4/inet.4, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1983 The Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.
        !             3: .\"
        !             4: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided
        !             5: .\" that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and
        !             6: .\" comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following
        !             7: .\" acknowledgement:  ``This product includes software developed by the
        !             8: .\" University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the
        !             9: .\" documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in
        !            10: .\" all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software.
        !            11: .\" Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may
        !            12: .\" be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
        !            13: .\" specific prior written permission.
        !            14: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
        !            15: .\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
        !            16: .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
        !            17: .\"
        !            18: .\"    @(#)inet.4      6.5 (Berkeley) 6/23/90
        !            19: .\"
        !            20: .TH INET 4 "June 23, 1990"
        !            21: .UC 5
        !            22: .SH NAME
        !            23: inet \- Internet protocol family
        !            24: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !            25: .B #include <sys/types.h>
        !            26: .br
        !            27: .B #include <netinet/in.h>
        !            28: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            29: .de _d
        !            30: .if t .ta .6i 2.1i 2.6i
        !            31: .\" 2.94 went to 2.6, 3.64 to 3.30
        !            32: .if n .ta .84i 2.6i 3.30i
        !            33: ..
        !            34: .de _f
        !            35: .if t .ta .5i 1.25i 2.5i
        !            36: .\" 3.5i went to 3.8i
        !            37: .if n .ta .7i 1.75i 3.8i
        !            38: ..
        !            39: The Internet protocol family is a collection of protocols
        !            40: layered atop the
        !            41: .I Internet Protocol
        !            42: (IP) transport layer, and utilizing the Internet address format.
        !            43: The Internet family provides protocol support for the
        !            44: SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, and SOCK_RAW socket types; the
        !            45: SOCK_RAW interface provides access to the IP protocol.
        !            46: .SH ADDRESSING
        !            47: Internet addresses are four byte quantities, stored in
        !            48: network standard format (on the VAX these are word and byte
        !            49: reversed).  The include file
        !            50: .RI < netinet/in.h >
        !            51: defines this address
        !            52: as a discriminated union.
        !            53: .PP
        !            54: Sockets bound to the Internet protocol family utilize
        !            55: the following addressing structure,
        !            56: .sp 1
        !            57: .nf
        !            58: ._f
        !            59: struct sockaddr_in {
        !            60:        short   sin_family;
        !            61:        u_short sin_port;
        !            62:        struct  in_addr sin_addr;
        !            63:        char    sin_zero[8];
        !            64: };
        !            65: .sp 1
        !            66: .fi
        !            67: Sockets may be created with the local address INADDR_ANY
        !            68: to effect \*(lqwildcard\*(rq matching on incoming messages. 
        !            69: The address in a
        !            70: .IR connect (2)
        !            71: or
        !            72: .IR sendto (2)
        !            73: call may be given as INADDR_ANY to mean ``this host.''
        !            74: The distinguished address INADDR_BROADCAST
        !            75: is allowed as a shorthand for the broadcast address on the primary
        !            76: network if the first network configured supports broadcast.
        !            77: .SH PROTOCOLS
        !            78: The Internet protocol family is comprised of
        !            79: the IP transport protocol, Internet Control
        !            80: Message Protocol (ICMP), Transmission Control
        !            81: Protocol (TCP), and User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
        !            82: TCP is used to support the SOCK_STREAM
        !            83: abstraction while UDP is used to support the SOCK_DGRAM
        !            84: abstraction.  A raw interface to IP is available
        !            85: by creating an Internet socket of type SOCK_RAW.
        !            86: The ICMP message protocol is accessible from a raw socket.
        !            87: .PP
        !            88: The 32-bit Internet address contains both network and host parts.
        !            89: It is frequency-encoded; the most-significant bit is clear
        !            90: in Class A addresses, in which the high-order 8 bits are the network
        !            91: number.
        !            92: Class B addresses use the high-order 16 bits as the network field,
        !            93: and Class C addresses have a 24-bit network part.
        !            94: Sites with a cluster of local networks and a connection to the DARPA
        !            95: Internet may chose to use a single network number for the cluster;
        !            96: this is done by using subnet addressing.
        !            97: The local (host) portion of the address is further subdivided
        !            98: into subnet and host parts.
        !            99: Within a subnet, each subnet appears to be an individual network;
        !           100: externally, the entire cluster appears to be a single, uniform
        !           101: network requiring only a single routing entry.
        !           102: Subnet addressing is enabled and examined by the following
        !           103: .IR ioctl (2)
        !           104: commands on a datagram socket in the Internet domain;
        !           105: they have the same form as the
        !           106: SIOCIFADDR command (see
        !           107: .IR intro (4)).
        !           108: .PP
        !           109: .TP 20
        !           110: SIOCSIFNETMASK
        !           111: Set interface network mask.
        !           112: The network mask defines the network part of the address;
        !           113: if it contains more of the address than the address type would indicate,
        !           114: then subnets are in use.
        !           115: .TP 20
        !           116: SIOCGIFNETMASK
        !           117: Get interface network mask.
        !           118: .SH SEE ALSO
        !           119: ioctl(2), socket(2), intro(4), tcp(4), udp(4), ip(4), icmp(4)
        !           120: .PP
        !           121: An Introductory 4.3BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial (PS1:7).
        !           122: .PP
        !           123: An Advanced 4.3BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial (PS1:8).
        !           124: .SH CAVEAT
        !           125: The Internet protocol support is subject to change as
        !           126: the Internet protocols develop.  Users should not depend
        !           127: on details of the current implementation, but rather
        !           128: the services exported.

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