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Annotation of 43BSDReno/share/man/man4/ip.4, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1983 The Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.
        !             3: .\"
        !             4: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided
        !             5: .\" that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and
        !             6: .\" comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following
        !             7: .\" acknowledgement:  ``This product includes software developed by the
        !             8: .\" University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the
        !             9: .\" documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in
        !            10: .\" all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software.
        !            11: .\" Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may
        !            12: .\" be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
        !            13: .\" specific prior written permission.
        !            14: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
        !            15: .\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
        !            16: .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
        !            17: .\"
        !            18: .\"    @(#)ip.4        6.4 (Berkeley) 6/23/90
        !            19: .\"
        !            20: .TH IP 4 "June 23, 1990"
        !            21: .UC 5
        !            22: .SH NAME
        !            23: ip \- Internet Protocol
        !            24: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !            25: .B #include <sys/socket.h>
        !            26: .br
        !            27: .B #include <netinet/in.h>
        !            28: .PP
        !            29: .B s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, proto);
        !            30: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            31: IP is the transport layer protocol used
        !            32: by the Internet protocol family.
        !            33: Options may be set at the IP level
        !            34: when using higher-level protocols that are based on IP
        !            35: (such as TCP and UDP).
        !            36: It may also be accessed
        !            37: through a \*(lqraw socket\*(rq when developing new protocols, or
        !            38: special purpose applications.
        !            39: .PP
        !            40: A single generic option is supported at the IP level, IP_OPTIONS,
        !            41: that may be used to provide IP options to be transmitted in the IP
        !            42: header of each outgoing packet.
        !            43: Options are set with
        !            44: .IR setsockopt (2)
        !            45: and examined with
        !            46: .IR getsockopt (2).
        !            47: The format of IP options to be sent is that specified by the IP protocol
        !            48: specification, with one exception:
        !            49: the list of addresses for Source Route options must include the first-hop
        !            50: gateway at the beginning of the list of gateways.
        !            51: The first-hop gateway address will be extracted from the option list
        !            52: and the size adjusted accordingly before use.
        !            53: IP options may be used with any socket type in the Internet family.
        !            54: .PP
        !            55: Raw IP sockets are connectionless,
        !            56: and are normally used with the
        !            57: .I sendto 
        !            58: and
        !            59: .I recvfrom 
        !            60: calls, though the
        !            61: .IR connect (2)
        !            62: call may also be used to fix the destination for future
        !            63: packets (in which case the 
        !            64: .IR read (2)
        !            65: or
        !            66: .IR recv (2)
        !            67: and 
        !            68: .IR write (2)
        !            69: or
        !            70: .IR send (2)
        !            71: system calls may be used).
        !            72: .PP
        !            73: If
        !            74: .I proto
        !            75: is 0, the default protocol IPPROTO_RAW is used for outgoing
        !            76: packets, and only incoming packets destined for that protocol
        !            77: are received.
        !            78: If
        !            79: .I proto
        !            80: is non-zero, that protocol number will be used on outgoing packets
        !            81: and to filter incoming packets.
        !            82: .PP
        !            83: Outgoing packets automatically have an IP header prepended to
        !            84: them (based on the destination address and the protocol
        !            85: number the socket is created with).
        !            86: Incoming packets are received with IP header and options intact.
        !            87: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
        !            88: A socket operation may fail with one of the following errors returned:
        !            89: .TP 15
        !            90: [EISCONN]
        !            91: when trying to establish a connection on a socket which
        !            92: already has one, or when trying to send a datagram with the destination
        !            93: address specified and the socket is already connected;
        !            94: .TP 15
        !            95: [ENOTCONN]
        !            96: when trying to send a datagram, but
        !            97: no destination address is specified, and the socket hasn't been
        !            98: connected;
        !            99: .TP 15
        !           100: [ENOBUFS]
        !           101: when the system runs out of memory for
        !           102: an internal data structure;
        !           103: .TP 15
        !           104: [EADDRNOTAVAIL]
        !           105: when an attempt is made to create a 
        !           106: socket with a network address for which no network interface
        !           107: exists.
        !           108: .PP
        !           109: The following errors specific to IP
        !           110: may occur when setting or getting IP options:
        !           111: .TP 15
        !           112: [EINVAL]
        !           113: An unknown socket option name was given.
        !           114: .TP 15
        !           115: [EINVAL]
        !           116: The IP option field was improperly formed;
        !           117: an option field was shorter than the minimum value
        !           118: or longer than the option buffer provided.
        !           119: .SH SEE ALSO
        !           120: getsockopt(2), send(2), recv(2), intro(4), icmp(4), inet(4)

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