![[BACK]](/cvsweb/icons/back.gif){kind=icon}
Return to ip.4 CVS log ![[TXT]](/cvsweb/icons/text.gif){kind=icon}
![[DIR]](/cvsweb/icons/dir.gif){kind=icon}
Up to [CSRG BSD Unix] / 43BSDReno / share / man / man4|
Return to ip.4 CVS log | Up to [CSRG BSD Unix] / 43BSDReno / share / man / man4 |
1.1 root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1983 The Regents of the University of California.
2: .\" All rights reserved.
3: .\"
4: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided
5: .\" that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and
6: .\" comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following
7: .\" acknowledgement: ``This product includes software developed by the
8: .\" University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the
9: .\" documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in
10: .\" all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software.
11: .\" Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may
12: .\" be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
13: .\" specific prior written permission.
14: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
15: .\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
16: .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
17: .\"
18: .\" @(#)ip.4 6.4 (Berkeley) 6/23/90
19: .\"
20: .TH IP 4 "June 23, 1990"
21: .UC 5
22: .SH NAME
23: ip \- Internet Protocol
24: .SH SYNOPSIS
25: .B #include <sys/socket.h>
26: .br
27: .B #include <netinet/in.h>
28: .PP
29: .B s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, proto);
30: .SH DESCRIPTION
31: IP is the transport layer protocol used
32: by the Internet protocol family.
33: Options may be set at the IP level
34: when using higher-level protocols that are based on IP
35: (such as TCP and UDP).
36: It may also be accessed
37: through a \*(lqraw socket\*(rq when developing new protocols, or
38: special purpose applications.
39: .PP
40: A single generic option is supported at the IP level, IP_OPTIONS,
41: that may be used to provide IP options to be transmitted in the IP
42: header of each outgoing packet.
43: Options are set with
44: .IR setsockopt (2)
45: and examined with
46: .IR getsockopt (2).
47: The format of IP options to be sent is that specified by the IP protocol
48: specification, with one exception:
49: the list of addresses for Source Route options must include the first-hop
50: gateway at the beginning of the list of gateways.
51: The first-hop gateway address will be extracted from the option list
52: and the size adjusted accordingly before use.
53: IP options may be used with any socket type in the Internet family.
54: .PP
55: Raw IP sockets are connectionless,
56: and are normally used with the
57: .I sendto
58: and
59: .I recvfrom
60: calls, though the
61: .IR connect (2)
62: call may also be used to fix the destination for future
63: packets (in which case the
64: .IR read (2)
65: or
66: .IR recv (2)
67: and
68: .IR write (2)
69: or
70: .IR send (2)
71: system calls may be used).
72: .PP
73: If
74: .I proto
75: is 0, the default protocol IPPROTO_RAW is used for outgoing
76: packets, and only incoming packets destined for that protocol
77: are received.
78: If
79: .I proto
80: is non-zero, that protocol number will be used on outgoing packets
81: and to filter incoming packets.
82: .PP
83: Outgoing packets automatically have an IP header prepended to
84: them (based on the destination address and the protocol
85: number the socket is created with).
86: Incoming packets are received with IP header and options intact.
87: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
88: A socket operation may fail with one of the following errors returned:
89: .TP 15
90: [EISCONN]
91: when trying to establish a connection on a socket which
92: already has one, or when trying to send a datagram with the destination
93: address specified and the socket is already connected;
94: .TP 15
95: [ENOTCONN]
96: when trying to send a datagram, but
97: no destination address is specified, and the socket hasn't been
98: connected;
99: .TP 15
100: [ENOBUFS]
101: when the system runs out of memory for
102: an internal data structure;
103: .TP 15
104: [EADDRNOTAVAIL]
105: when an attempt is made to create a
106: socket with a network address for which no network interface
107: exists.
108: .PP
109: The following errors specific to IP
110: may occur when setting or getting IP options:
111: .TP 15
112: [EINVAL]
113: An unknown socket option name was given.
114: .TP 15
115: [EINVAL]
116: The IP option field was improperly formed;
117: an option field was shorter than the minimum value
118: or longer than the option buffer provided.
119: .SH SEE ALSO
120: getsockopt(2), send(2), recv(2), intro(4), icmp(4), inet(4)
This archive runs on limited infrastructure. Preserving old code on modern bandwidth. Automated agents are requested to crawl responsibly.