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1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.
        !             3: .\"
        !             4: .\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
        !             5: .\" the Systems Programming Group of the University of Utah Computer
        !             6: .\" Science Department.
        !             7: .\"
        !             8: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided
        !             9: .\" that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and
        !            10: .\" comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following
        !            11: .\" acknowledgement:  ``This product includes software developed by the
        !            12: .\" University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the
        !            13: .\" documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in
        !            14: .\" all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software.
        !            15: .\" Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may
        !            16: .\" be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
        !            17: .\" specific prior written permission.
        !            18: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
        !            19: .\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
        !            20: .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
        !            21: .\"
        !            22: .\"    @(#)rd.4        5.1 (Berkeley) 6/29/90
        !            23: .\"
        !            24: .TH RD 4 "June 29, 1990"
        !            25: .UC 7
        !            26: .SH NAME
        !            27: rd \- CS/80 disk interface
        !            28: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !            29: .B "master hpib? at scode?"
        !            30: .br
        !            31: .B "disk rd? at hpib? slave?"
        !            32: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            33: This is a generic CS/80 disk driver.
        !            34: Only a small number of possible CS/80 drives are supported,
        !            35: but others can easily be added by adding tables to the driver.
        !            36: .PP
        !            37: Files with minor device numbers 0 through 7 refer to various portions
        !            38: of drive 0;
        !            39: minor devices 8 through 15 refer to drive 1, etc.
        !            40: The standard device names begin with ``rd'' followed by
        !            41: the drive number and then a letter a-h for partitions 0-7 respectively.
        !            42: The character ? stands here for a drive number in the range 0-7.
        !            43: .PP
        !            44: The block files access the disk via the system's normal
        !            45: buffering mechanism and may be read and written without regard to
        !            46: physical disk records.  There is also a `raw' interface
        !            47: which provides for direct transmission between the disk
        !            48: and the user's read or write buffer.
        !            49: A single read or write call results in exactly one I/O operation
        !            50: and therefore raw I/O is considerably more efficient when
        !            51: many words are transmitted.  The names of the raw files
        !            52: conventionally begin with an extra `r.'
        !            53: .PP
        !            54: In raw I/O counts should be a multiple of 512 bytes (a disk sector).
        !            55: Likewise
        !            56: .I seek
        !            57: calls should specify a multiple of 512 bytes.
        !            58: .SH "DISK SUPPORT"
        !            59: The driver interrogates the controller
        !            60: to determine the type of drive attached.
        !            61: The driver recognizes the following drives:
        !            62: 7912, 7914, 7933, 7936, 7937, 7945, 7957A/B, 7958A/B,
        !            63: 7959B, 7962, 7963, 9122, 9134, 7912, 7936, and 9122,
        !            64: not all of which have been tested.
        !            65: The origin and size of the pseudo-disks on each drive are
        !            66: as follows:
        !            67: .PP
        !            68: .nf
        !            69: .ta .5i +\w'000000    'u +\w'000000    'u +\w'000000    'u
        !            70: 7945/7946 partitions:
        !            71:        disk    start   length  cyls
        !            72:        rd?a    112     15904   1-142
        !            73:        rd?b    16016   20160   143-322
        !            74:        rd?c    0       108416  0-967
        !            75:        rd?d    16016   40320   143-502
        !            76:        rd?e    undefined
        !            77:        rd?f    undefined
        !            78:        rd?g    36176   72240   323-967
        !            79:        rd?h    56336   52080   503-967
        !            80: .PP
        !            81: 9134D partitions:
        !            82:        disk    start   length  cyls
        !            83:        rd?a    96      15936   1-166
        !            84:        rd?b    16032   13056   167-302
        !            85:        rd?c    0       29088   0-302
        !            86:        rd?d    undefined
        !            87:        rd?e    undefined
        !            88:        rd?f    undefined
        !            89:        rd?g    undefined
        !            90:        rd?h    undefined
        !            91: .PP
        !            92: 9122S partitions:
        !            93:        disk    start   length  cyls
        !            94:        rd?a    undefined
        !            95:        rd?b    undefined
        !            96:        rd?c    0       1232    0-76
        !            97:        rd?d    undefined
        !            98:        rd?e    undefined
        !            99:        rd?f    undefined
        !           100:        rd?g    undefined
        !           101:        rd?h    undefined
        !           102: .PP
        !           103: 7912P partitions:
        !           104:        disk    start   length  cyls
        !           105:        rd?a    0       15904   0-70
        !           106:        rd?b    16128   22400   72-171
        !           107:        rd?c    0       128128  0-571
        !           108:        rd?d    16128   42560   72-261
        !           109:        rd?e    undefined
        !           110:        rd?f    undefined
        !           111:        rd?g    38528   89600   172-571
        !           112:        rd?h    58688   69440   262-571
        !           113: .PP
        !           114: 7914CT/P partitions:
        !           115:        disk    start   length  cyls
        !           116:        rd?a    224     15904   1-71
        !           117:        rd?b    16128   40320   72-251
        !           118:        rd?c    0       258048  0-1151
        !           119:        rd?d    16128   64960   72-361
        !           120:        rd?e    81088   98560   362-801
        !           121:        rd?f    179648  78400   802-1151
        !           122:        rd?g    56448   201600  252-1151
        !           123:        rd?h    81088   176960  362-1151
        !           124: .PP
        !           125: 7958A partitions:
        !           126:        disk    start   length  cyls
        !           127:        rd?a    252     16128   1-64
        !           128:        rd?b    16380   32256   65-192
        !           129:        rd?c    0       255276  0-1012
        !           130:        rd?d    16380   48384   65-256
        !           131:        rd?e    64764   100800  257-656
        !           132:        rd?f    165564  89712   657-1012
        !           133:        rd?g    48636   206640  193-1012
        !           134:        rd?h    64764   190512  257-1012
        !           135: .PP
        !           136: 7957A partitions:
        !           137:        disk    start   length  cyls
        !           138:        rd?a    154     16016   1-104
        !           139:        rd?b    16170   24640   105-264
        !           140:        rd?c    0       159544  0-1035
        !           141:        rd?d    16170   42350   105-379
        !           142:        rd?e    58520   54824   380-735
        !           143:        rd?f    113344  46200   736-1035
        !           144:        rd?g    40810   118734  265-1035
        !           145:        rd?h    58520   101024  380-1035
        !           146: .PP
        !           147: 7933H partitions:
        !           148:        disk    start   length  cyls
        !           149:        rd?a    598     16146   1-27
        !           150:        rd?b    16744   66976   28-139
        !           151:        rd?c    0       789958  0-1320
        !           152:        rd?d    83720   16146   140-166
        !           153:        rd?e    99866   165646  167-443
        !           154:        rd?f    265512  165646  444-720
        !           155:        rd?g    83720   706238  140-1320
        !           156:        rd?h    431158  358800  721-1320
        !           157: .PP
        !           158: 9134L partitions:
        !           159:        disk    start   length  cyls
        !           160:        rd?a    80      15920   1-199
        !           161:        rd?b    16000   20000   200-449
        !           162:        rd?c    0       77840   0-972
        !           163:        rd?d    16000   32000   200-599
        !           164:        rd?e    undefined
        !           165:        rd?f    undefined
        !           166:        rd?g    36000   41840   450-972
        !           167:        rd?h    48000   29840   600-972
        !           168: .PP
        !           169: 7936H partitions:
        !           170:        disk    start   length  cyls
        !           171:        rd?a    861     16359   1-19
        !           172:        rd?b    17220   67158   20-97
        !           173:        rd?c    0       600978  0-697
        !           174:        rd?d    84378   16359   98-116
        !           175:        rd?e    100737  120540  117-256
        !           176:        rd?f    220416  120540  256-395
        !           177:        rd?g    84378   516600  98-697
        !           178:        rd?h    341817  259161  397-697
        !           179: .PP
        !           180: 7937H partitions:
        !           181:        disk    start   length  cyls
        !           182:        rd?a    1599    15990   1-10
        !           183:        rd?b    17589   67158   11-52
        !           184:        rd?c    0       1116102 0-697
        !           185:        rd?d    84747   15990   53-62
        !           186:        rd?e    100737  246246  63-216
        !           187:        rd?f    346983  246246  217-370
        !           188:        rd?g    84747   1031355 53-697
        !           189:        rd?h    593229  522873  371-697
        !           190: .PP
        !           191: 7957B/7961B partitions:
        !           192:        disk    start   length  cyls
        !           193:        rd?a    126     16002   1-127
        !           194:        rd?b    16128   32760   128-387
        !           195:        rd?c    0       159894  0-1268
        !           196:        rd?d    16128   49140   128-517
        !           197:        rd?e    65268   50400   518-917
        !           198:        rd?f    115668  44226   918-1268
        !           199:        rd?g    48888   111006  388-1268
        !           200:        rd?h    65268   94626   518-1268
        !           201: .PP
        !           202: 7958B/7962B partitions:
        !           203:        disk    start   length  cyls
        !           204:        rd?a    378     16254   1-43
        !           205:        rd?b    16632   32886   44-130
        !           206:        rd?c    0       297108  0-785
        !           207:        rd?d    16632   49140   44-173
        !           208:        rd?e    65772   121716  174-495
        !           209:        rd?f    187488  109620  496-785
        !           210:        rd?g    49518   247590  131-785
        !           211:        rd?h    65772   231336  174-785
        !           212: .PP
        !           213: 7959B/7963B partitions:
        !           214:        disk    start   length  cyls
        !           215:        rd?a    378     16254   1-43
        !           216:        rd?b    16632   49140   44-173
        !           217:        rd?c    0       594216  0-1571
        !           218:        rd?d    16632   65772   44-217
        !           219:        rd?e    82404   303912  218-1021
        !           220:        rd?f    386316  207900  1022-1571
        !           221:        rd?g    65772   528444  174-1571
        !           222:        rd?h    82404   511812  218-1571
        !           223: .PP
        !           224: .DT
        !           225: .fi
        !           226: .PP
        !           227: It is unwise for all of these files to be present in one installation,
        !           228: since there is overlap in addresses and protection becomes
        !           229: a sticky matter.
        !           230: The eight partitions as given support four basic, non-overlapping layouts,
        !           231: though not all partitions exist on all drive types.
        !           232: .PP
        !           233: In the first layout there are three partitions and a ``bootblock'' area.
        !           234: The bootblock area is at the beginning of the disk and holds
        !           235: the standalone disk boot program.
        !           236: The rd?a partition is for the root file system,
        !           237: rd?b is a paging/swapping area, and
        !           238: rd?g is for everything else.
        !           239: .PP
        !           240: The second layout is the same idea,
        !           241: but has a larger paging/swapping partition (rd?d) and
        !           242: a smaller ``everything else'' partition (rd?h).
        !           243: This layout is better for environments which run many large processes.
        !           244: .PP
        !           245: The third layout is a variation of the second,
        !           246: but breaks the rd?h partition into two partitions, rd?e and rd?f.
        !           247: .PP
        !           248: The final layout is intended for a large, single file system second disk.
        !           249: It is also used when writing out the boot program since it is the only
        !           250: partition mapping the bootblock area.
        !           251: .SH FILES
        !           252: /dev/rd[0-7][a-h]      block files
        !           253: .br
        !           254: /dev/rrd[0-7][a-h]     raw files
        !           255: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
        !           256: \fBrd%d err: v%d u%d, R0x%x F0x%x A0x%x I0x%x, block %d\fR
        !           257: .br
        !           258: An unrecoverable data error occurred during transfer of the
        !           259: specified block on the specified disk.
        !           260: .SH BUGS
        !           261: The current disk partitioning is totally bogus.
        !           262: CS/80 drives have 256 byte sectors which are mapped to 512 byte
        !           263: ``sectors'' by the driver.
        !           264: Since some CS/80 drives have an odd number of sectors per cylinder,
        !           265: the disk geometry used is not always accurate.
        !           266: .PP
        !           267: The partition tables for the file systems should be read off of each pack,
        !           268: as they are never quite what any single installation would prefer,
        !           269: and this would make packs more portable.
        !           270: .PP
        !           271: In raw I/O
        !           272: .I read
        !           273: and
        !           274: .IR write (2)
        !           275: truncate file offsets to 512-byte block boundaries,
        !           276: and
        !           277: .I write
        !           278: scribbles on the tail of incomplete blocks.
        !           279: Thus,
        !           280: in programs that are likely to access raw devices,
        !           281: .I read, write
        !           282: and
        !           283: .IR lseek (2)
        !           284: should always deal in 512-byte multiples.
        !           285: .PP
        !           286: A program to analyze the logged error information (even in its
        !           287: present reduced form) is needed.

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