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Annotation of 43BSDReno/share/man/man4/man4.tahoe/vd.4, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1986 Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
        !             3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
        !             4: .\"
        !             5: .\"    @(#)vd.4        6.3 (Berkeley) 6/13/88
        !             6: .\"
        !             7: .TH VD 4 "June 13, 1988"
        !             8: .UC 7
        !             9: .SH NAME
        !            10: vd \- VERSAbus storage module controller/drives
        !            11: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !            12: .B "controller vd0 at vba? csr 0xffff2000 vector vdintr"
        !            13: .br
        !            14: .B "disk dk0 at vd0 drive 0"
        !            15: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            16: This is a generic VERSAbus storage module disk driver for the
        !            17: Computer Consoles SMD (VDDC) and SMD-E disk controllers.
        !            18: .PP
        !            19: Files with minor device numbers 0 through 7 refer to various portions
        !            20: of drive 0;
        !            21: minor devices 8 through 15 refer to drive 1, etc.
        !            22: The standard device names begin with ``dk'' followed by
        !            23: the drive number and then a letter a-h for partitions 0-7 respectively.
        !            24: The character ? stands here for a drive number in the range 0-7.
        !            25: .PP
        !            26: The block files access the disk via the system's normal
        !            27: buffering mechanism and may be read and written without regard to
        !            28: physical disk records.  There is also a `raw' interface
        !            29: which provides for direct transmission between the disk
        !            30: and the user's read or write buffer.
        !            31: A single read or write call results in exactly one I/O operation,
        !            32: and therefore raw I/O is considerably more efficient when
        !            33: many words are transmitted.  The names of the raw files
        !            34: conventionally begin with an extra `r.'
        !            35: .PP
        !            36: In raw I/O counts should be a multiple of 1024 bytes,
        !            37: whether the actual sector size is 512 or 1024 bytes.
        !            38: Likewise,
        !            39: .I seek
        !            40: calls should specify a multiple of 1024 bytes.
        !            41: .PP
        !            42: The first sector of each disk contains a disk label
        !            43: containing geometry information and partition layouts (see
        !            44: .IR disklabel (5).
        !            45: This sector is normally write-protected, and disk-to-disk copies should
        !            46: avoid copying this sector.
        !            47: The label may be updated with
        !            48: .IR disklabel (8),
        !            49: which can also be used to write-enable and write-disable the sector.
        !            50: .SH "DISK SUPPORT"
        !            51: During autoconfiguration,
        !            52: as well as when a drive is opened after all partitions are closed,
        !            53: the first sector of the drive is examined for a disk label.
        !            54: If a label is found, the geometry of the drive and the partition tables
        !            55: are taken from it.
        !            56: If no label is found,
        !            57: The driver checks for a disk label on sector 0 of each drive
        !            58: during autoconfiguration.
        !            59: If no label is found,
        !            60: the driver tries to access the last track on each drive
        !            61: to determine the type of drive attached.
        !            62: The driver has default partition tables for
        !            63: seven different drives: CDC FSD (160 MB), CDC 9766 (300 MB),
        !            64: CDC XFSD (340 MB), CDC 515MB, Fujitsu 360 MB, Fujitsu Eagle (440 MB),
        !            65: and Maxtor 340Mb.
        !            66: If the drive is not recognized, a single small partition is created
        !            67: to allow a label to be written.
        !            68: .PP
        !            69: The partition tables in the disk label and the
        !            70: .I disktab
        !            71: file specify partition offsets and sizes in sectors, which are 512 bytes
        !            72: on SMD drives and 1024 bytes on 5 1/4" ESDI drives.
        !            73: By convention,
        !            74: the ?a partition is normally used for the root file system or other small
        !            75: file system,
        !            76: and the ?b partition is used as a paging area.
        !            77: The ?c partition maps the rest of the pack,
        !            78: except the last 5 cylinders which are reserved for bad sector forwarding,
        !            79: and diagnostic use.
        !            80: .SH FILES
        !            81: /dev/dk[0-7][a-f]      dk block files
        !            82: .br
        !            83: /dev/rdk[0-7][a-f]     dk raw files
        !            84: .SH SEE ALSO
        !            85: disklabel(5), disklabel(8)
        !            86: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
        !            87: \fBvd%d: %s controller\fP.
        !            88: This message is printed during autoconfiguration to identify
        !            89: the type of controller, either ``VDDC'' or ``SMDE''.
        !            90: .PP
        !            91: \fBvd%d: init error\fP.
        !            92: During autoconfiguration the controller failed to respond to
        !            93: an initialize command.
        !            94: .PP
        !            95: \fBvd%d: diagnostic error\fP.
        !            96: During autoconfiguration the controller failed  to respond to
        !            97: a diagnostic command.
        !            98: .PP
        !            99: \fBdk%d: unknown drive type\fP.
        !           100: The system was unable to identify the specified drive as
        !           101: one of the drives described above; the drive will not be
        !           102: configured.
        !           103: .PP
        !           104: \fBvd%d: drive %d: config error\fP.
        !           105: The system encountered a hard error when it tried to configure
        !           106: a drive during autoconfiguration.
        !           107: .PP
        !           108: \fBvd%d: starting drives, wait ... \fP.
        !           109: This message indicates the system is about to tell the
        !           110: controller to ``start'' the drives attached to  it.
        !           111: .PP
        !           112: \fBdk%d: %s <ntrak %d, ncyl %d, nsec %d>\fP.
        !           113: For each drive recognized during autoconfiguration the system
        !           114: prints a message of this form.  The drive type is displayed
        !           115: as well as the geometry: tracks/cylinder, cylinders, and sectors/track.
        !           116: .PP
        !           117: \fBvd%d: lost interrupt\fP.
        !           118: The system failed to receive an interrupt from the controller after
        !           119: submitting a request.
        !           120: The system attempts to abort the current request and simulate an
        !           121: interrupt to unwedge the controller.
        !           122: During processing of the simulated interrupt, a controller error
        !           123: will be reported as described below.
        !           124: .PP
        !           125: \fBvd%d: stray interrupt\fP.
        !           126: The system received an unexpected interrupt; it is ignored.
        !           127: .PP
        !           128: \fBdk%d%c: write locked\fP.
        !           129: An attempt was made to write to a drive that is physically write-protected.
        !           130: .PP
        !           131: \fBdk%d%c: controller err %sing fsbn %d [of %d-%d] (dk%d bn %d cn %d tn %d sn %d) status %b ecode %x; resetting controller... retrying\fP.
        !           132: .br
        !           133: \fBdk%d%c: drive err %sing fsbn %d [of %d-%d] (dk%d bn %d cn %d tn %d sn %d) status %b ecode %x; resetting drive... retrying\fP.
        !           134: An attempted transfer resulted in a controller or drive error.
        !           135: The controller or drive is reset, and the transfer is attempted
        !           136: a second time.
        !           137: .PP
        !           138: \fBdk%d%c: hard error %sing fsbn %d [of %d-%d] (dk%d bn %d cn %d tn %d sn %d)
        !           139: status %b ecode %x\fP.
        !           140: An unrecoverable error was encountered.  The filesystem block number reported
        !           141: is a logical sector number on the indicated partition;
        !           142: it is expressed using 1024-byte sectors.
        !           143: If the transfer involved multiple blocks, the block range is printed as well.
        !           144: The parenthesized fields list the actual disk sector number
        !           145: relative to the beginning of the drive
        !           146: (in 512- or 1024-byte blocks, as appropriate),
        !           147: as well as the cylinder, track and sector number of the block.
        !           148: The error status field of the device control
        !           149: block is printed in hexadecimal followed by a symbolic description.
        !           150: If this is an SMDE controller, the error code is also displayed.
        !           151: .PP
        !           152: \fBdk%d%c: soft error %sing fsbn %d [of %d-%d] (dk%d bn %d cn %d tn %d sn %d)
        !           153: status %b ecode %x\fP.
        !           154: A recoverable error was detected by the controller.
        !           155: The fields are interpreted in the same way as those for hard errors.
        !           156: .PP
        !           157: \fBdk%d%c: soft ecc %sing fsbn %d [of %d-%d] (dk%d bn %d cn %d tn %d sn %d)\fP.
        !           158: A recoverable ECC error was detected and corrected by the controller
        !           159: during the indicated transfer.
        !           160: .PP
        !           161: \fBvd%d: drive %d: couldn't reset\fP.
        !           162: The system was unable to reconfigure a drive during a controller reset.
        !           163: .PP
        !           164: \fBvd%d: controller timeout\fP.
        !           165: The controller failed to complete an operation within a reasonable
        !           166: time.  This message is usually followed by another message indicating
        !           167: what operation timed out; e.g. ``during config'' for a configuration
        !           168: command.
        !           169: .SH BUGS
        !           170: Writes
        !           171: scribble on the tail of incomplete blocks.
        !           172: .PP
        !           173: The system should use real disk sector numbers internally,
        !           174: instead of assuming 1024-byte sectors;
        !           175: errors should report filesystem block numbers using the actual sector size.
        !           176: Raw I/O should be permitted on any sector boundary.

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