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Annotation of 43BSDReno/share/man/man4/ns.4, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1985 The Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.
        !             3: .\"
        !             4: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided
        !             5: .\" that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and
        !             6: .\" comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following
        !             7: .\" acknowledgement:  ``This product includes software developed by the
        !             8: .\" University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the
        !             9: .\" documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in
        !            10: .\" all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software.
        !            11: .\" Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may
        !            12: .\" be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
        !            13: .\" specific prior written permission.
        !            14: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
        !            15: .\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
        !            16: .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
        !            17: .\"
        !            18: .\"    @(#)ns.4        1.5 (Berkeley) 6/23/90
        !            19: .\"
        !            20: .TH NS 4 "June 23, 1990"
        !            21: .UC 6
        !            22: .SH NAME
        !            23: ns \- Xerox Network Systems(tm) protocol family
        !            24: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !            25: \fBoptions NS\fP
        !            26: .br
        !            27: \fBoptions NSIP\fP
        !            28: .br
        !            29: \fBpseudo-device ns\fP
        !            30: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            31: .IX  "ns device"  ""  "\fLns\fP \(em Xerox NS protocol family"
        !            32: The NS protocol family is a collection of protocols
        !            33: layered atop the
        !            34: .I Internet Datagram Protocol
        !            35: (IDP) transport layer, and using the Xerox NS address formats.
        !            36: The NS family provides protocol support for the
        !            37: SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_SEQPACKET, and SOCK_RAW socket types; the
        !            38: SOCK_RAW interface is a debugging tool, allowing you to trace all packets
        !            39: entering, (or with toggling kernel variable, additionally leaving) the local
        !            40: host.
        !            41: .SH ADDRESSING
        !            42: NS addresses are 12 byte quantities, consisting of a 
        !            43: 4 byte Network number, a 6 byte Host number and a 2 byte port number,
        !            44: all stored in network standard format.
        !            45: (on the VAX these are word and byte reversed; on the Sun they are not
        !            46: reversed).  The include file
        !            47: .RI < netns/ns.h >
        !            48: defines the NS address as a structure containing unions (for quicker
        !            49: comparisons).
        !            50: .PP
        !            51: Sockets in the Internet protocol family use the following
        !            52: addressing structure:
        !            53: .nf
        !            54: 
        !            55: struct sockaddr_ns {
        !            56:        short           sns_family;
        !            57:        struct ns_addr  sns_addr;
        !            58:        char            sns_zero[2];
        !            59: };
        !            60: 
        !            61: where an ns_addr is composed as follows:
        !            62: 
        !            63: union ns_host {
        !            64:        u_char          c_host[6];
        !            65:        u_short         s_host[3];
        !            66: };
        !            67: 
        !            68: union ns_net {
        !            69:        u_char          c_net[4];
        !            70:        u_short         s_net[2];
        !            71: };
        !            72: 
        !            73: struct ns_addr {
        !            74:        union ns_net    x_net;
        !            75:        union ns_host   x_host;
        !            76:        u_short x_port;
        !            77: };
        !            78: 
        !            79: .fi
        !            80: Sockets may be created with an address of all zeroes to effect
        !            81: ``wildcard'' matching on incoming messages.
        !            82: The local port address specified in a
        !            83: .IR bind (2)
        !            84: call is restricted to be greater than NSPORT_RESERVED
        !            85: (=3000, in <netns/ns.h>) unless the creating process is running
        !            86: as the super-user, providing a space of protected port numbers.
        !            87: .SH PROTOCOLS
        !            88: The NS protocol family supported by the operating system
        !            89: is comprised of
        !            90: the Internet Datagram Protocol (IDP)
        !            91: .IR idp (4),
        !            92: Error Protocol (available through IDP),
        !            93: and
        !            94: Sequenced Packet Protocol (SPP)
        !            95: .IR spp (4).
        !            96: .LP
        !            97: SPP is used to support the SOCK_STREAM and SOCK_SEQPACKET abstraction,
        !            98: while IDP is used to support the SOCK_DGRAM abstraction.
        !            99: The Error protocol is responded to by the kernel
        !           100: to handle and report errors in protocol processing;
        !           101: it is, however,
        !           102: only accessible to user programs through heroic actions.
        !           103: .SH SEE ALSO
        !           104: intro(3), byteorder(3), gethostbyname(3), getnetent(3),
        !           105: getprotoent(3), getservent(3), ns(3),
        !           106: intro(4), spp(4), idp(4), nsip(4)
        !           107: .br
        !           108: Internet Transport Protocols, Xerox Corporation document XSIS-028112
        !           109: .br
        !           110: An Advanced 4.3BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial

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