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Annotation of 43BSDReno/share/man/man4/ns.4, revision 1.1.1.1

1.1       root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1985 The Regents of the University of California.
                      2: .\" All rights reserved.
                      3: .\"
                      4: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided
                      5: .\" that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and
                      6: .\" comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following
                      7: .\" acknowledgement:  ``This product includes software developed by the
                      8: .\" University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the
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                     11: .\" Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may
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                     14: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
                     15: .\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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                     17: .\"
                     18: .\"    @(#)ns.4        1.5 (Berkeley) 6/23/90
                     19: .\"
                     20: .TH NS 4 "June 23, 1990"
                     21: .UC 6
                     22: .SH NAME
                     23: ns \- Xerox Network Systems(tm) protocol family
                     24: .SH SYNOPSIS
                     25: \fBoptions NS\fP
                     26: .br
                     27: \fBoptions NSIP\fP
                     28: .br
                     29: \fBpseudo-device ns\fP
                     30: .SH DESCRIPTION
                     31: .IX  "ns device"  ""  "\fLns\fP \(em Xerox NS protocol family"
                     32: The NS protocol family is a collection of protocols
                     33: layered atop the
                     34: .I Internet Datagram Protocol
                     35: (IDP) transport layer, and using the Xerox NS address formats.
                     36: The NS family provides protocol support for the
                     37: SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_SEQPACKET, and SOCK_RAW socket types; the
                     38: SOCK_RAW interface is a debugging tool, allowing you to trace all packets
                     39: entering, (or with toggling kernel variable, additionally leaving) the local
                     40: host.
                     41: .SH ADDRESSING
                     42: NS addresses are 12 byte quantities, consisting of a 
                     43: 4 byte Network number, a 6 byte Host number and a 2 byte port number,
                     44: all stored in network standard format.
                     45: (on the VAX these are word and byte reversed; on the Sun they are not
                     46: reversed).  The include file
                     47: .RI < netns/ns.h >
                     48: defines the NS address as a structure containing unions (for quicker
                     49: comparisons).
                     50: .PP
                     51: Sockets in the Internet protocol family use the following
                     52: addressing structure:
                     53: .nf
                     54: 
                     55: struct sockaddr_ns {
                     56:        short           sns_family;
                     57:        struct ns_addr  sns_addr;
                     58:        char            sns_zero[2];
                     59: };
                     60: 
                     61: where an ns_addr is composed as follows:
                     62: 
                     63: union ns_host {
                     64:        u_char          c_host[6];
                     65:        u_short         s_host[3];
                     66: };
                     67: 
                     68: union ns_net {
                     69:        u_char          c_net[4];
                     70:        u_short         s_net[2];
                     71: };
                     72: 
                     73: struct ns_addr {
                     74:        union ns_net    x_net;
                     75:        union ns_host   x_host;
                     76:        u_short x_port;
                     77: };
                     78: 
                     79: .fi
                     80: Sockets may be created with an address of all zeroes to effect
                     81: ``wildcard'' matching on incoming messages.
                     82: The local port address specified in a
                     83: .IR bind (2)
                     84: call is restricted to be greater than NSPORT_RESERVED
                     85: (=3000, in <netns/ns.h>) unless the creating process is running
                     86: as the super-user, providing a space of protected port numbers.
                     87: .SH PROTOCOLS
                     88: The NS protocol family supported by the operating system
                     89: is comprised of
                     90: the Internet Datagram Protocol (IDP)
                     91: .IR idp (4),
                     92: Error Protocol (available through IDP),
                     93: and
                     94: Sequenced Packet Protocol (SPP)
                     95: .IR spp (4).
                     96: .LP
                     97: SPP is used to support the SOCK_STREAM and SOCK_SEQPACKET abstraction,
                     98: while IDP is used to support the SOCK_DGRAM abstraction.
                     99: The Error protocol is responded to by the kernel
                    100: to handle and report errors in protocol processing;
                    101: it is, however,
                    102: only accessible to user programs through heroic actions.
                    103: .SH SEE ALSO
                    104: intro(3), byteorder(3), gethostbyname(3), getnetent(3),
                    105: getprotoent(3), getservent(3), ns(3),
                    106: intro(4), spp(4), idp(4), nsip(4)
                    107: .br
                    108: Internet Transport Protocols, Xerox Corporation document XSIS-028112
                    109: .br
                    110: An Advanced 4.3BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial

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