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1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1988 The Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.
        !             3: .\"
        !             4: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided
        !             5: .\" that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and
        !             6: .\" comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following
        !             7: .\" acknowledgement:  ``This product includes software developed by the
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        !            12: .\" be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
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        !            14: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
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        !            16: .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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        !            18: .\"    @(#)passwd.5    6.6 (Berkeley) 6/23/90
        !            19: .\"
        !            20: .TH PASSWD 5  "June 23, 1990"
        !            21: .AT 3
        !            22: .SH NAME
        !            23: passwd \- password files
        !            24: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            25: .I Passwd
        !            26: files are files consisting of newline separated records, one per user,
        !            27: containing ten colon (``:'') separated fields.  These fields are as
        !            28: follows:
        !            29: .PP
        !            30: .RS
        !            31:  name          user's login name
        !            32:  password              user's \fIencrypted\fP password
        !            33:  uid                   user's id
        !            34:  gid                   user's login group id
        !            35:  class         user's general classification (unused)
        !            36:  change                password change time
        !            37:  expire                account expiration time
        !            38:  gecos         general information about the user
        !            39:  home_dir              user's home directory
        !            40:  shell         user's login shell
        !            41: .RE
        !            42: .PP
        !            43: The
        !            44: .I name
        !            45: field is the login used to access the computer account, and the
        !            46: .I uid
        !            47: field is the number associated with it.  They should both be unique
        !            48: across the system (and often across a group of systems) since they
        !            49: control file access.
        !            50: .PP
        !            51: While it is possible to have multiple entries with identical login names
        !            52: and/or identical user id's, it is usually a mistake to do so.  Routines
        !            53: that manipulate these files will often return only one of the multiple
        !            54: entries, and that one by random selection.
        !            55: .PP
        !            56: The login name must never begin with a hyphen (``-''); also, it is strongly
        !            57: suggested that neither upper-case characters or dots (``.'') be part
        !            58: of the name, as this tends to confuse mailers.  No field may contain a
        !            59: colon (``:'') as this has been used historically to separate the fields
        !            60: in the user database.
        !            61: .PP
        !            62: The password field is the
        !            63: .I encrypted
        !            64: form of the password.
        !            65: If the
        !            66: .I password
        !            67: field is empty, no password will be required to gain access to the
        !            68: machine.  This is almost invariably a mistake.
        !            69: Because these files contain the encrypted user passwords, they should
        !            70: not be readable by anyone without appropriate privileges.
        !            71: .PP
        !            72: The group field is the group that the user will be placed in upon login.
        !            73: Since this system supports multiple groups (see
        !            74: .IR groups (1))
        !            75: this field currently has little special meaning.
        !            76: .PP
        !            77: The
        !            78: .I class
        !            79: field is currently unused.  In the near future it will be a key to
        !            80: a
        !            81: .IR termcap (5)
        !            82: style database of user attributes.
        !            83: .PP
        !            84: The
        !            85: .I change
        !            86: field is the number in seconds, GMT, from the epoch, until the
        !            87: password for the account must be changed.
        !            88: This field may be left empty to turn off the password aging feature.
        !            89: .PP
        !            90: The
        !            91: .I expire
        !            92: field is the number in seconds, GMT, from the epoch, until the
        !            93: account expires.
        !            94: This field may be left empty to turn off the account aging feature.
        !            95: .PP
        !            96: The
        !            97: .I gecos
        !            98: field normally contains comma (``,'') separated subfields as follows:
        !            99: .PP
        !           100: .RS
        !           101:  name          user's full name
        !           102:  office                user's office number
        !           103:  wphone                user's work phone number
        !           104:  hphone                user's home phone number
        !           105: .RE
        !           106: .PP
        !           107: This information is used by the
        !           108: .IR finger (1)
        !           109: program.
        !           110: .PP
        !           111: The user's home directory is the full UNIX path name where the user
        !           112: will be placed on login.
        !           113: .PP
        !           114: The shell field is the command interpreter the user prefers.
        !           115: If the
        !           116: .I shell
        !           117: field is empty, the Bourne shell (\fI/bin/sh\fP) is assumed.
        !           118: .SH "SEE ALSO"
        !           119: chpass(1), login(1), passwd(1), getpwent(3), mkpasswd(8), vipw(8) adduser(8)
        !           120: .SH BUGS
        !           121: User information should (and eventually will) be stored elsewhere.

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