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1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1987, 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.
        !             3: .\"
        !             4: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided
        !             5: .\" that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and
        !             6: .\" comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following
        !             7: .\" acknowledgement:  ``This product includes software developed by the
        !             8: .\" University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the
        !             9: .\" documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in
        !            10: .\" all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software.
        !            11: .\" Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may
        !            12: .\" be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
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        !            14: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
        !            15: .\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
        !            16: .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
        !            17: .\"
        !            18: .\"     @(#)mailaddr.7 6.6 (Berkeley) 6/24/90
        !            19: .\"
        !            20: .Dd June 24, 1990
        !            21: .Dt MAILADDR 7
        !            22: .Os BSD 4.2
        !            23: .Sh NAME
        !            24: .Nm mailaddr
        !            25: .Nd mail addressing description
        !            26: .Sh DESCRIPTION
        !            27: Mail addresses are based on the ARPANET protocol listed at the end of this
        !            28: manual page.  These addresses are in the general format
        !            29: .Pp
        !            30: .Dl user@domain
        !            31: .Pp
        !            32: where a domain is a hierarchical dot separated list of subdomains.  For
        !            33: example, the address
        !            34: .Pp
        !            35: .Dl [email protected]
        !            36: .Pp
        !            37: is normally interpreted from right to left: the message should go to the
        !            38: ARPA name tables (which do not correspond exactly to the physical ARPANET),
        !            39: then to the Berkeley gateway, after which it should go to the local host
        !            40: monet.  When the message reaches monet it is delivered to the user ``eric''.
        !            41: .Pp
        !            42: Unlike some other forms of addressing, this does not imply any routing.
        !            43: Thus, although this address is specified as an ARPA address, it might
        !            44: travel by an alternate route if that were more convenient or efficient.
        !            45: For example, at Berkeley, the associated message would probably go directly
        !            46: to monet over the Ethernet rather than going via the Berkeley ARPANET
        !            47: gateway.
        !            48: .Ss Abbreviation.
        !            49: Under certain circumstances it may not be necessary to type the entire
        !            50: domain name.  In general, anything following the first dot may be omitted
        !            51: if it is the same as the domain from which you are sending the message.
        !            52: For example, a user on ``calder.berkeley.edu'' could send to ``eric@monet''
        !            53: without adding the ``berkeley.edu'' since it is the same on both sending
        !            54: and receiving hosts.
        !            55: .Pp
        !            56: Certain other abbreviations may be permitted as special cases.  For
        !            57: example, at Berkeley, ARPANET hosts may be referenced without adding
        !            58: the ``berkeley.edu'' as long as their names do not conflict with a local
        !            59: host name.
        !            60: .Ss Compatibility.
        !            61: .Pp
        !            62: Certain old address formats are converted to the new format to provide
        !            63: compatibility with the previous mail system.  In particular,
        !            64: .Pp
        !            65: .Dl [email protected]
        !            66: .Pp
        !            67: is allowed and
        !            68: .Pp
        !            69: .Dl host:user
        !            70: .Pp
        !            71: is converted to
        !            72: .Pp
        !            73: .Dl user@host
        !            74: .Pp
        !            75: to be consistent with the
        !            76: .Xr rcp 1
        !            77: command.
        !            78: .Pp
        !            79: Also, the syntax
        !            80: .Pp
        !            81: .Dl host!user
        !            82: .Pp
        !            83: is converted to:
        !            84: .Pp
        !            85: .Dl [email protected]
        !            86: .Pp
        !            87: This is normally converted back to the ``host!user'' form before being sent
        !            88: on for compatibility with older UUCP hosts.
        !            89: .Pp
        !            90: The current implementation is not able to route messages automatically through
        !            91: the UUCP network.  Until that time you must explicitly tell the mail system
        !            92: which hosts to send your message through to get to your final destination.
        !            93: .Ss Case Distinctions.
        !            94: .Pp
        !            95: Domain names (i.e., anything after the ``@'' sign) may be given in any mixture
        !            96: of upper and lower case with the exception of UUCP hostnames.  Most hosts
        !            97: accept any combination of case in user names, with the notable exception of
        !            98: MULTICS sites.
        !            99: .Ss Route-addrs.
        !           100: .Pp
        !           101: Under some circumstances it may be necessary to route a message through
        !           102: several hosts to get it to the final destination.  Normally this routing
        !           103: is done automatically, but sometimes it is desirable to route the message
        !           104: manually.  Addresses which show these relays are termed ``route-addrs.''
        !           105: These use the syntax:
        !           106: .Pp
        !           107: .Dl <@hosta,@hostb:user@hostc>
        !           108: .Pp
        !           109: This specifies that the message should be sent to hosta, from there to hostb,
        !           110: and finally to hostc.  This path is forced even if there is a more efficient
        !           111: path to hostc.
        !           112: .Pp
        !           113: Route-addrs occur frequently on return addresses, since these are generally
        !           114: augmented by the software at each host.  It is generally possible to ignore
        !           115: all but the ``user@domain'' part of the address to determine the actual
        !           116: sender.
        !           117: .Ss Postmaster.
        !           118: .Pp
        !           119: Every site is required to have a user or user alias designated ``postmaster''
        !           120: to which problems with the mail system may be addressed.
        !           121: .Ss Other Networks.
        !           122: .Pp
        !           123: Some other networks can be reached by giving the name of the network as the
        !           124: last component of the domain.
        !           125: .Em This is not a standard feature
        !           126: and may
        !           127: not be supported at all sites.  For example, messages to CSNET or BITNET sites
        !           128: can often be sent to ``[email protected]'' or ``[email protected]'' respectively.
        !           129: .Sh SEE ALSO
        !           130: .Xr mail 1 ,
        !           131: .Xr sendmail 8 ;
        !           132: .br
        !           133: Crocker, D. H.,
        !           134: .Em Standard for the Format of Arpa Internet Text Messages,
        !           135: RFC822.
        !           136: .Sh HISTORY
        !           137: .Nm Mailaddr
        !           138: appeared in 4.2 BSD.
        !           139: .Sh BUGS
        !           140: The RFC822 group syntax (``group:user1,user2,user3;'') is not supported
        !           141: except in the special case of ``group:;'' because of a conflict with old
        !           142: berknet-style addresses.
        !           143: .Pp
        !           144: Route-Address syntax is grotty.
        !           145: .Pp
        !           146: UUCP- and ARPANET-style addresses do not coexist politely.

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